No abstract available.
Anencephaly* ; Humans

The purpose of this study was to dcvclop nd test the validity of standardized Korean nome clature based on Nursing Intervention Classi ications (MC), developed by McCloskey and Bul chek at the University of Iowa, The four phases of the study were 1. Two professors and 15 graduate stude ts, who were taking a nursing intervention cours, translated the 433 nursing interventions of IC into Korean 2. 12 nurses with various clinical bac rounds reviewed the nomenclature, taking into nsider ation the definition and activities for each Korean nursing intervention. The Delphi method was used to determine the best appropriate nomenclature for each intervention ~. 20 academic and clinical experts in nursing were given a questionnaire to rate the validity of each Korean nomenclature using a 5 point Likert scale ranging from very inappropriate to very appropriate 4. five members of the Korean Nurses Association Research Committee reviewed the survey results and determined the most appropriate Korean nomenclature for each nursing intei veiition of NIC system. Most nomenclature had a score of more than 4.0, but seven nursing interventions had a score lower than 4.0: Critical Path Development (2.71), Calming Technique ~3.4l), Grief Work Facilitation (3.44), Order Transcription (3.44), Self Modification Assistance (3.44), and Teaching Psycho-motor Skills (3.47). These research results will be included in the nursing vocabulary dictionary to be published by Korean Nurses Association.
Critical Pathways ; Grief ; Iowa ; Nursing ; Vocabulary ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT features of target-like bowel wall thickenings and to correlate target layers with histopathologic layers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 37 target-like bowel wall thickenings with inner high-, middle low- and outer high attenuated layers on CT scan. Bowel lesions included 15 cases of ischemic lesion, 12 of inflammation, four of carcinomatosis, four of trauma, and two of radiation enteritis. Target-like bowel wall thickenings were classified into three types : with inner most thickened high-attenuated layer(type I); with middle most thickened low-attenuted layer(type II), and with outer most thickened high-attenuated layer(type III). We analyzed the characteristic CT features of these bowel lesions and correlated target and histopathologic layers in resected bowel specimens. RESULTS: Target-like bowel wall thickening was type I in 18 cases(49%), type II in 13 cases(35%), and type III in 6 cases(16%). Type I ischemic bowel lesions and inflammations were most common, and were found in 60% and 67% of cases, retrospectively. All cases of trauma were type II and radiation colitis was type III. Histopathologic findings showed that each layer of target lesions did not exactly correlate with histopathologic layers. However, the inner high attenuated layer correlated with mucosa and some submucosa, the middle low-attenuated layer correlated with most submucosa and some muscularis, and the outer high-attenuated layer correlated with muscularis, serosa, and periserosal mesentery. CONCLUSION: CT features of target-like bowel wall thickenings showed type characteristics according to bowel lesions. Histopathologic comparison and analysis were considered helpful for the differential diagnosis of bowel lesions.
Adenoma, Islet Cell* ; Angiography ; Carcinoma ; Colitis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Enteritis ; Glucagonoma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insulinoma ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesentery ; Mucous Membrane ; Pancreas* ; Retrospective Studies ; Serous Membrane ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

We report two cases of porphyric peripheral neuropathy in a 19-year-old male with variegate porphyria and in a 39 year-old male with intermittent acute prophyria. Clinically, there were sensory, motor disturbance and autonomic symptoms including decreased sweating, urinary and sphinctor distrubances. Variegate porphyria showed facial diplegia and positive family history inherited by autosomal dominent trait. Intermittent acute porphyria was combined-with SIADH. Both cases were expired due to respiratory failure. Nerve conduction studies were carried out in two cases and both cases showed slow motor, sensory nerve conductlon velocity ,and significant low CMAPs(Compound Muscle Action Potentials). Sural nerve biopsy was carried out in a variegate prophyria compared with one normal control. Decreased large myelinated fibers was found. In nerve fiber teased study. 8.5% of nerve fibers showed axonal degenration and only 2.3% of the segmental demyelination. There findings are suggesting that the porphyric neuro might be the axonal type.and severe neuropathy in a sign of poor prognosis.
Adult ; Axons ; Biopsy ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Humans ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ; Male ; Myelin Sheath ; Nerve Fibers ; Neural Conduction ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Porphyria, Acute Intermittent ; Porphyria, Variegate ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Sural Nerve ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a kind of transcriptional repressor, is reportedly over-expressed in metastatic prostate cancer. In this study, we analyzed EZH2 mRNA in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood as a biomarker in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ber-EP4 coated immunomagnetic beads were used to harvest CTCs, and mRNA was isolated by oligo- dT conjugated immunomagnetic beads. Reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction for EZH2 mRNA was performed and the expression density was measured. The sensitivity of this test for detection of EZH2 mRNA was determined by serial dilutions of a human prostate cancer cell line. Blood samples were collected from 20 patients each with metastatic or localized prostate cancer and 10 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Sensitivity experiments showed that the test was highly sensitive as it could detect 10 tumor cells per 5mL. EZH2 mRNA expression was obtained from peripheral blood samples of patients and control subjects. EZH2 mRNA expression density in the metastatic prostate cancer group was significantly higher than in the control (p=0.023) and localized prostate cancer groups (p=0.019). There was no difference between the control and localized prostate cancer groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: EZH2 mRNA expression in circulating epithelial cells represents a promising marker for detecting early metastasis in prostate cancer. However, more specific and sensitive techniques for detection of CTCs are needed to avoid mononuclear cell contamination.
Aged ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/*metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*blood/genetics/pathology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

PURPOSE: This study was designed to establish standard guidelines to meet the growing health care needs of adolescents by direct assessment of pediatricians' current practices, attitude and obstacles to the primary care of adolescents. MEHTODS: A questionnaire consisting of 9 questions, including personal characteristics of respondents, current health care practice of adolescents, attitude, obstacles to providing adolescent care, interest in further training, roles of Korean Pediatric Society for adolescent medicine, etc., was completed by 214 pediatricians. RESULTS: Among the respondents, 87.4% were in the 4th or 5th decade of age, and 88.8% of respondents were working for private clicins. More than 60% of respondents were managing patients without age limits. Most of the respondents were interested in adolescent medicine. However, approximately one half of all respondents answered that they could not currently provide satisfactory care to their adolescent patients. Obstacles to providing adolescent care include : their image as "baby doctors", lack of knowledge and skills in adolescent medicine, lack of separate hours for adolescents and concern that parents would object to certain types of care. Among respondents who wanted to further training, many were interested in Continuing Medical Education(CME) course, lecture series, introducing reading lists and publishing textbooks, while others expressed their interest in a newsletter and mini-fellowship. Respondents expected the Korean Pediatric Society to play a role in activating the adolescent medicine as a field for pediatric practice through educating adolescents, pediatricians and advertising via mass media. CONCLUSION: Future policy decisions and medical education must respond to these realities in pediatric practice.
Adolescent Medicine ; Adolescent* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Mass Media ; Parents ; Periodicals as Topic ; Primary Health Care

Nitric oxide (NO) is a short lived membrane permeable gas, a recently identified neuronal messenger molecule, and implicated in several activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity. The histochemical staining of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) provides a simple method to select populations of neurons containing nitric oxide synthase (NOS), throughout the brain. The NADPH-d positive neurons, uniquely resistant to toxic insults and neurodegenerative diseases, have been colocalized with neurons in the brain and peripheral tissue containing NOS. Apodemus agrarius has been used for experimental purpose to identify the route of infection and pathogenesis of korean hemorrhagic fever. However, despite of the increasing publication at present about the physiologic and ecologic characteristics of Apodemus, a few data are available about the morphologic findings in the brain. In this study we used NADPH-d histochemistry to evaluate the distribution of neurons, contain NOS, on the postnatal development in cerebral cortex and striatum of the Apodemus agrarius. In the cerebral cortex of Apodemus agrarius, NADPH-d positive neurons were observed in all cortical layers, but were concentrated in V-VI layer. NADPH-d positive neurons of forebrain were more dense than other cortical regions. At 1 week after birth, NADPH-d positive neurons had short processes and immature features. In contrast, at 12 weeks after birth, NADPH-d positive neurons had longer and more complex processes than that of earlier ages. In the striatum, NADPH-d positive neurons were intensely stained, predominantly medium-sized neurons. They had multipolar or bipolar dendritic branches which belong to fusiform or stellate cell types in all groups. In addition, at 4 and 12 weeks after birth, NADPH-d positive neurons had long and complex fiber network. The number of NADPH-d positive neurons in the striatum was relatively decreased during postnatal development. However, the length and complexity of their processes were relatively increased after birth. Present results showed postnatal maturation patterns such as morphological features of NADPH-d positive neurons. These findings suggest that NADPH-d positive neurons will be reach adult level after 4 weeks of postnatal age. Therefore, this report provide the morphological evidence supporting the hypothesis that NO may be play a role in regulation of neuronal development and synaptic plasticity during postnatal development of Apodemus agrarius.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Humans ; Membranes ; Murinae* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons* ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Parturition ; Plastics ; Prosencephalon ; Publications

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the validity of standardized Korean nomenclature of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP), developed by the International Council of Nursing (ICN). The four phases of the study were: (1) Two professors and 15 graduate students translated who were taking a nursing intervention course, translated nursing phenomena and nursing action of the ICNP into Korean; (2) 12 nurses with various clinical backgrounds reviewed the nomenclature taking into consideration of the definition, and contents for each Korean nursing terminology, and the Delphi method was used to determine the best appropriate nomenclature for each terminology; (3) 20 academic and clinical experts in nursing were given a questionnaire to rate the validity of each Korean nomenclature using a 5 point Likert scale ranging from very inappropriate to very appropriate; (4) five members of the Korean Nurses Association Research Committee reviewed the survey results and determined the most appropriate Korean nomenclature for each nursing phenomena and activity of the ICNP. Most nomenclature of the ICNP had a score of more than 4.0, but four nursing phenomena had a score between 3.5 and 4.0: Unilateral neglect(3.86), Care Giver strain (3.86), Health denial(3.86), Health Adjustment (3.86) and draining(2.63) . In nursing activity 726 items, except for twelve items, had a score of over 4.0: Drainage(2.63) Weaning(3.13), Caring(3.75), Cold Wrapping(3.63), distraction Technique(3.57), drawing(3.88), Establishing Report with(3.5), Heating Wrapping(3.5), Manipulating(3.75), Performing(3.88), Reading material(3.75) and Restricting(3.75).
Caregivers ; Classification ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Nursing

A case is reported of anaphylactoid reaction to atracurium, used for the induetion of an- esthesia for skin graft in a 36 year old man. The patient had no previous history of any allergic tendency. It is not possible to distinguish between direct pharmacological effects and immune mediated hypersensitivity reactions by clinical observation alone. The mechanism of reaction in this patient was investigated by the leukocyte histamine release test, intradermal test, direct intravenous challenge with other induction agents used during the induction of anesthesia and radioallergosorbent test. The histamine releasing property of atracurium, the distinguishing methods between ana phylactic and anaphylatoid reaction, and the anesthetic management for this kind of reaction are discussed.
Adult ; Anaphylaxis ; Anesthesia ; Atracurium* ; Histamine ; Histamine Release ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Intradermal Tests ; Leukocytes ; Radioallergosorbent Test ; Skin ; Transplants

The purpose of this study was to compare pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters obtained using two newly developed assays,HPLC-UV and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.Selection of assay and results obtained therefrom are very important in PK studies and can have a major impact on the PK-based clinical dose and usage settings.For this study,we developed two new methods that are most commonly used in biosample analysis and focused on PK parameters obtained from them.By HPLC-UV equipped with a Luna-C8 column using UV detector,cefprozil diastereomers were separated using water containing 2％ (V/V) acetic acid and acetonitrile as a mobile phase.By UPLC-ESI-MS/MS equipped with a HALO-C18column,cefprozil diastereomers were separated using 0.5％ (V/V) aqueous formic acid containing 5 mM ammonium-formate buffer and methanol as a mobile phase.Chromatograms showed high resolution,sensitivity,and selectivity without interference by plasma constituents.Both intra-and inter-day precisions (CV,％)were within 8.88％ for HPLC-UV and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.Accuracy of both methods was 95.67％-107.50％.These two analytical methods satisfied the criteria of international guidance and could be successfully applied to PK study.Comparison of PK parameters between two assays confirmed that there is a dif-ference in the predicted minimum plasma concentrations at steady state,which may affect clinical dose and usage settings.Furthermore,we confirmed possible correlation between PK parameters and various biochemical parameters after oral administration of 1000 mg cefprozil to humans.