Streptomyces aureofaciens DM-1 is a high-yielding 6-demethylchlortetracycline producer. The genome sequencing of DM-1 reveals a linear chromosome containing 6 824 334 bps nucleotides with GC content of 72.6%. In this genome, a total of 6 431 open reading frames were predicted by using glimmer 3.02, Genemark and Z-Curve softwares. Twenty-eight secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were uncovered by using AntiSMASH gene prediction software, including the complete 6-demethylchlortetracycline biosynthetic gene cluster. A frame-shift mutation in methyltransferase coding region was detected, which may result in the demethylation of chlortetracycline. The complete genome sequence of S. aureofaciens DM-1 provides basic information for functional genomics studies and selection of high-yielding strains for 6-demethylchlortetracycline.
Base Sequence ; Chlortetracycline ; Demeclocycline ; Multigene Family/genetics* ; Streptomyces aureofaciens/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: This study has been carried out to evaluation the effect of fertilization promoting peptide (FPP) on the kinematic parameters, capacitation and acrosome reaction of the frozen-thawed human spermatozoa. METHODS: After FPP treatment, we examined kinematic parameters, capacitation and acrosome reaction, using the methods of computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) and chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence analysis. RESULTS: We have obtained the evidence that FPP can promote the capacitation and inhibit the spontaneous acrosome reaction of frozen-thawed human spermatozoa in vitro. Fpp (25~100 nM) induced a significant increase in the proportion of B-pattern capacitated spermatozoa, and a significant decrease in the proportion of F-pattern uncapacitated ones without significant stimulation of acrosomal exocytosis. In the kinematic parameters treatment, FPP treated groups maintained higher LIN, BCF and STR than those of control. The VAP, VSL, VCL and ALH were not different. Therefore it is suggested that FPP in human seminal plasma may play a positive role in promoting human sperm function.
Acrosome Reaction* ; Acrosome* ; Chlortetracycline ; Exocytosis ; Fertilization* ; Fluorescence ; Humans* ; Male ; Semen ; Spermatozoa*

On the base of element and metablism balancing, the mathematical model of the cultivation process with Streptomyces aureofaciens was developed, and the unknown parameters in the model were estimated with the method of nonlinear optimization. Firstly the energetic coefficient of CTC biosynthesis was gained, which was 1.8 - 2.8 mol-ATP x C-mol(-1). The macroscopic reaction rates were predicted in the process and compared with the experimental values. The results show that the model can preferably describe the relationships between several macroscopic reaction rates in the process and can supervise the optimization of CTC fermentation process theoretically.
Chlortetracycline ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; physiology ; Models, Theoretical ; Streptomyces aureofaciens ; growth & development ; metabolism

It has been reported that the Ca2+-ATPase and the Ca2+-Na+exchanger play an important role for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in somatic cells, the Ca2+-ATPase located in the plasma membrane helps the Ca2+ concentration in maintain low [Ca2+]i. Roldan & Fleming reported that the spermatozoan Ca2+-ATPase plays an important role in the capacitation and acrosome reaction. We used to assess Ca2+ changes by chlortetracycline (CTC) patterns in the capacitation and acrosome reaction of human and hamster spermatozoa. In the present study applying quercetin which has been known as an ATPase antagonist, the enzymatic effect of Ca2+-ATPase on capacitation and acrosome reaction was found to be remarkable: a significant increase of the transformation from the original type to the B type and the AR type of spermatozoa. This finding suggests that Ca2+-ATPase play an important role in the efflux and the influx of the Ca2+ which have been known to be an essential factor for the capacitation and acrosome reaction, and that the inhibitory action of the Ca2+-ATPase might be a prerequsit step toward the capacitation and acrosome reaction. In conclusion, this study suggest the considerable evidence as follows: the increment of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration occurred by controlling the slope of Ca2+ concentration through Ca2+-ATPase activites in both the intracellular and extracellulr fluid may be important procedures for the capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and finally for fertilization of the sperm and ovum.
Acrosome Reaction* ; Acrosome* ; Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Chlortetracycline* ; Cricetinae ; Fertilization ; Fluorescence* ; Humans ; Male ; Ovum ; Quercetin ; Spermatozoa

OBJECTIVETo find a convenient and exact method for evaluating acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa.

METHODSThe semen of the normal male was mixed and then divided into 6 groups. Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) staining, chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence staining and acid phosphatase (ACP) detection were used for morphological observation and data analysis of the acrosome status of the human sperm treated with or without progesterone.

RESULTSThere were obvious morphological differences between the acrosome-reaction and acrosome-intact spermatozoa in CBB staining and CTC fluorescence staining, and significant differences were observed between the experimental and control spermatozoa by the three methods (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAll the three methods can be used to assess acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa, but Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) staining is much more convenient and stable.

Acid Phosphatase ; Acrosome Reaction ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chlortetracycline ; Humans ; Male ; Progesterone ; pharmacology ; Rosaniline Dyes ; Spermatozoa ; cytology ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

A case of familial benign chronic pemphigus in 28 year old male is described which is the first case reported in Korea, and the literature is reviewed The grandmothcr had similar symptoms and the 52 years old father has suffered from the same trouble since puberty The patient's lesions were vesieular, pustular, and crusted patches with erosions which have been persistent since 12 years of age, mainly affecting lateral and posterior sides of the neck, axillary and inguinal regions, lower abdomen, and popliteal fossae symmetrically. Moderate itching was associated with the lesions, which were worse in summer and better in winter. Staphylococcus aureus and p-hemolytic streptococcus were cultured from the lesions and found to be sensitive to aureomycin, terramycin and erythromycin. Biopsy findings showed hyperkeratosis, irregular acanthosis, multilocular suprabasal clefts or bullae with extensive acantholysis. villi formation was also noted. Dyskeratotic changes were present but no mitosis was seen. Local application of 1% hydrocortisone ointment gave temporary improvement but no effect was noted with systemic prednisolone, aureomycin, sulfadrugs, and vitamin A & D, or local treatment with antibiotic ointments.
Abdomen ; Acantholysis ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Chlortetracycline ; Erythromycin ; Fathers ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitosis ; Neck ; Ointments ; Oxytetracycline ; Pemphigus, Benign Familial* ; Prednisolone ; Pruritus ; Puberty ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus ; Vitamin A

Chlortetracycline (CTC), one kind of common antibiotic for prevention and treatment of various diseases, also exhibits good performance in accelerating the growth of livestock. Macleaya cordata, a traditional Chinese medicine, is usually used as a natural additive in livestock because of its anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and pesticidal activity. In this work, we studied whether M. cordata helps regulate the growth-promoting effect of CTC on broiler chickens. It is demonstrated that M. cordata improves the growth-promoting effect of CTC on growth performance indices of broiler chickens, such as survival rate, daily weight, and feed to weight rate. M. cordata also delays the maximum of CTC residues in plasma. It may depend on the higher values of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and the indices of α diversity driven by simultaneous use of CTC and M. cordata.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Chickens/growth & development* ; Chlortetracycline/pharmacology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Duodenum/pathology* ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Clinical observations were made on 251 cases of pyodermas at the Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook University Hospital from 1968 to 1972. Especially noteworthy is the application of josamycin to 41 cases of pyodermas to observe its therapeutic effects. Since 1968, the frequency of pyodermas has shown an annual increase. The ratio between male and female was 1. 4: 1, gradually changing from 2. 3: 1 in 1968 to an almost balanced incidence in 1972. The age of onset. differed with types of disease, but 76. 2% of all cases occurred before the age of 15. The outbreaks of impetigo bullosa and impetigo vulgaris were found to be affected by season, the highest prevalence being in summer. Seasonal occurrence of all cases was found to be 45.5% in summer and 24. 3% in fall with no noticeable change ohserved in spring and winter. Predilection sites of the disease differed according to the type of the disease but all types showed a marked predilection for the exposed areas as against the covered areas (4 times). Sensitivity of causative organisms to antibiotics was found to be fairly high to cloxacillin, novobiocin and ampicillin, and relative to kanamycin, streptomycin and doxycycline but all tested cases showed resistance to tetracycline, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline. Josamycin was effective in all types of pyodermas, and was dramtical]y so in impetigo bullosa of which pustules disappeared within 3 or 5 days of treatment. Two out of 41 cases complained of abdominal pain and weakness. The sensitivity of the causative organisms of all types of pyodermas to josamycin was 83. 3%.
Abdominal Pain ; Age of Onset ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chlortetracycline ; Cloxacillin ; Dermatology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Doxycycline ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Impetigo ; Incidence ; Josamycin ; Kanamycin ; Male ; Novobiocin ; Oxytetracycline ; Prevalence ; Pyoderma* ; Seasons ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline