1.Chlorogenic acid inhibits non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of low density lipoprotein.
Rui CAI ; Shuqing CHEN ; Shenhua JIANG
Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences 2018;47(1):27-34
OBJECTIVE:
: To investigate the effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL).
METHODS:
: The non-enzymatic glycation incubation system of LDL-glucose was established. The contents of early glycation products (Amodori product) and intermediate products (dicarbonyl compound) were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and the content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The LDL oxidation incubation system was established. The contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) and conjugated diene were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The tryptophan fluorescence quenching, and the content of lipofuscin, total fluorescence products, active aldehydes and malondialdehyde were determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry, and further verified by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.
RESULTS:
: In the LDL glycation experiment, 150 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL CGA inhibited the formation of Amadori product, dicarbonyl compounds and AGEs. In the LDL oxidation experiment, 15 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL CGA inhibited the formation of TBARS effectively; 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL CGA inhibited tryptophan fluorescence quenching, and the formation of active aldehydes, malondialdehyde, total fluorescence products, lipofuscin and conjugated diolefine. And the three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy showed the same results.
CONCLUSIONS
: CGA can inhibit non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of LDL.
Chlorogenic Acid
;
pharmacology
;
Glycosylation
;
drug effects
;
Lipoproteins, LDL
;
metabolism
;
Oxidation-Reduction
;
drug effects
;
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
;
analysis
2.Contents of secondary metabolites and anti-bacterial activity of compound Caulis Sargentodoxae decoction.
Jian-Hui LI ; Jun-Min LI ; Ze-Xin JIN
Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences 2008;37(3):261-266
OBJECTIVETo compare the contents of secondary metabolites and the anti-bacterial activity of seven different compound Caulis Sargentodoxae decoctions.
METHODSKirby-Bauer disk agar diffusion method was used for measuring anti-bacterial activity. The contents of secondary metabolites were determined by spectrometry. The correlation and path analysis were used to identify the goal compound.
RESULTThe secondary metabolites contents and anti-bacterial activity of seven different compound Caulis Sargentodoxae decoctions varied significantly. The total contents of six secondary metabolites of Shushao Caulis Sargentodoxae decoction was the highest, while that of Caihu Caulis Sargentodoxae decoction was the second highest and that of Yiyi Caulis Sargentodoxae decoction was the lowest. The anti-bacterial activity of Shushao Caulis Sargentodoxae decoction was the highest and that of Cangbai Caulis Sargentodoxae decoction was the lowest. The correlation and path analysis showed that the total tannin and total chlorogenic acid might be the major factors related to the anti-bacterial activity of compound Caulis Sargentodoxae decoctions.
CONCLUSIONThe total contents of six secondary metabolites and the anti-bacterial activity of Shushao Caulis Sargentodoxae decoction are the highest among seven different decoctions and there is a significant correlation of the anti-bacterial activity with the contents of total tannin and total chlorogenic acid.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Chlorogenic Acid ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Tannins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology
3.Comparison of in vitro anti-oxidative activities among Siwu Decoction Serial Recipes, their composed crude herbs, and main aromatic acids, as well as their dose-effect correlation.
Yu-Ping TANG ; Mei-Yan HUANG ; Yan-Hua ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2012;32(1):64-67
OBJECTIVETo assess and compare the in vitro anti-oxidative activities among Siwu Decoction Serial Recipes, their composed crude herbs, and main aromatic acids they contained.
METHODSTheir anti-oxidative activities (including Siwu Decoction and correlated recipes such as Taohong Siwu Decoction, Xiangfu Siwu Decoction, Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction, and Xiongqiong Decoction, 16 kinds of crude herbs, and main aromatic acids they contained) were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical clearance method.
RESULTSThe selected five decoctions showed obvious activities of scavenging free radicals. Siwu Decoction was better than other decoctions in scavenging free radicals and Xiongqiong Decoction was the least. Among the 16 kinds of crude herbs, red peony root, white peony root, safflower, ligustici chuanxiong, common aucklandia root showed the strongest activities, while peach seed showed the poorest activities. Among aromatic acids, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid showed obvious anti-oxidative activities in scavenging free radicals, showing obvious dose-effect correlation. p-hydroxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid, and cinnamic acid showed no activities on scavenging free radicals (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONSiwu Decoction and aromatic acids contained in correlated decoctions played significant roles in anti-oxidative activities.
Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Biphenyl Compounds ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacology ; Chlorogenic Acid ; pharmacology ; Coumaric Acids ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Gallic Acid ; pharmacology ; Hydroxybenzoates ; pharmacology ; Picrates
4.Modulating effects of chlorogenic acid on lipids and glucose metabolism and expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in golden hamsters fed on high fat diet.
Shu-Yuan LI ; Cui-Qing CHANG ; Fu-Ying MA ; Chang-Long YU
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2009;22(2):122-129
OBJECTIVETo examine the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on lipid and glucose metabolism under a high dietary fat burden and to explore the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) in these effects.
METHODSTwenty male golden hamsters were randomly divided into CGA treatment group (n=10, given peritoneal injection of CGA solution prepared with PBS, 80 mg CGA/kg body weight daily), and control group (n=10, given PBS i.p. at the average volume of the treatment group). Animals in both groups were given 15% high fat diet. Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the level of biochemical parameters in fasting serum and tissues and the expression of hepatic mRNA and protein PPAR-alpha were determined.
RESULTSEight weeks after treatment with CGA, the levels of fasting serum triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose (FSG), and insulin (FSI) were significantly lower in the GGA treatment group than in the control group. CGA also led to higher activity of hepatic lipase (HL), lower contents of TG and FFA in liver, and lower activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CGA significantly elevated significantly elevated the expression level of mRNA and protein expression in hepatic PPAR-alpha.
CONCLUSIONCGA can modify lipids and glucose metabolism, which may be attributed to PPAR-alpha facilitated lipid clearance in liver and improved insulin sensitivity.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Chlorogenic Acid ; pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Dietary Fats ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Lipase ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; PPAR alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Weight Gain
5.Salt-tolerance evaluation of seedlings of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivar.
Xian-yuan HE ; Qiao-sheng GUO ; Qing-yun LUO ; Wen-bin XU ; Qing-song ZHENG ; You-liang LIU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2003;28(6):499-503
OBJECTIVETo evaluate salt tolerance of seedlings of 4 medicinal C. morifolium cultivars to be transplanted, and to expand the planting area.
METHODSeedlings were cultivated in hoagland nutrient solution containing various concentrations of NaCl for 30 days. The height, dry weight and chlorophyll content were investigated. Identification index mainly in relative growth rate, the evaluation of NaCl effects on the growth, K+, Na+ and Cl- distribution in seedlings were surveyed.
RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe salt tolerance was difference among four cultivars of C. morifolium. The salt tolerance of "Dabaiju" and "Changbanju" was weak, while "Hongxinju" and "Xiaobaiju" was strong. "Hongxinju" and "Xiaobaiju" may be planted in salinte soil area.
Chlorine ; metabolism ; Chlorogenic Acid ; metabolism ; Chrysanthemum ; classification ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Potassium ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Sodium ; metabolism ; Sodium Chloride ; pharmacology ; Species Specificity
6.Effect of chlorogenic acid on disordered glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice and its mechanism.
Lan-tao ZHANG ; Cui-qing CHANG ; Yang LIU ; Zhi-min CHEN
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2011;33(3):281-286
OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of chlorogenic acid on disordered glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice and its mechanism.
METHODSThirteen 5-6-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into db/db-CGA group (n=7) and db/db-CON group (n=6), and thirteen 5-6-week-old male db/m mice were randomly divided into db/m-CGA group (n=6) and db/m-CON group (n=7). Mice in the CGA groups were administrated with CGA 80 mg/(kg·d)by gavage, and mice in the CON groups were administrated with PBS in the same volume by gavage. Twelve weeks later, the level of biomedical parameters in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle were determined, the concentrations of adiponectin and visfatin in visceral adipose, and the mRNA expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) as well as the protein level of PPAR-α in liver were detected.
RESULTSTwelve weeks after CGA administration, the levels of triglycerides in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle and the fasting plasma glucose in db/db-CGA group were significantly lower than those in db/db-CON group(P<0.05). The muscle glycogen level was significantly higher than that in db/db-CON group (P<0.05), and the adiponectin concentration was significantly higher than that in db/db-CON group ( P<0.01) and lower than that in db/m-CGA group(P<0.05). The visfatin concentration in db/db-CGA group was significantly lower than that in db/db-CON group (P<0.01) and significantly higher than that in db/m-CGA group(P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of G-6-Pase was significantly down-regulated in db/db-CGA group when compared with db/db-CON group (P<0.05). Both the mRNA and the protein expression levels of PPAR-α were significantly up-regulated in db/db-CGA group(P<0.05) compared with in db/db-CON group.
CONCLUSIONCGA improves the disordered glucose/lipid metabolism in db/db mice, which is speculated to be related with its role in modulating the adipokines secretion, up-regulating hepatic PPAR-α, and inhibiting G-6-Pase expression.
Adiponectin ; metabolism ; Animals ; Chlorogenic Acid ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; PPAR alpha ; metabolism
7.Effects of irrigation volume on growth and quality of Lonicera japonica.
Ying-chun XU ; Jia-bao ZHANG ; Qi-ao JIANG ; Ling-yun ZHOU ; Lin-guo XU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2006;31(8):634-637
OBJECTIVETo study the effects of irrigation volume on the growth and quality of Lonicera japonica.
METHODDifferent volume of irrigation water was applied to the potted L. japonica before the first florescence of honeysuckle in order to keep the relative moisture content of the soil as 100%, 80%, 50%, 30%, and observe the growth and development of shoot and leaves, yield and quality of honeysuckle.
RESULTAs the of irrigation volume was reduced, the internodal elongation of shoot and the increase of the knot were restrained, and the yield of honeysuckle dropped. But the content of chlorogen acid in the buds treated by 80% irrigation volume was not affected, while that of the other treatment all decreased. The moisture contents of the leaves treated by 30% irrigation volume was significantly lower than that of the CK, while the specific leaf weight (SLW) increased significantly comparing to the CK. The content of chlorophyl in the leaves of 50% and 30% increased, while the ratio of chlorophyl A and B fell significantly. The content of dissoluble suger in the leaves of 80% and 50% irrigation volume was much higher than that in the CK. The results also showed that, the content of dissoluble protein in the leaves of 30% irrigation volume increased comparing with that in 50%, and the content of proline in leaveas of 30% irrigation volume increased significantly.
CONCLUSIONUsing less irrigation volume (keeping 80% of relative moisture content of the soil) does not affect the quality of honeysuckle, but decreased dry weight of honeysuckle. It is necessary to take irrigation management during cultivation of honeysuckle.
Biomass ; Chlorogenic Acid ; metabolism ; Flowers ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Lonicera ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; metabolism ; Plant Stems ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Proline ; metabolism ; Soil ; Water ; metabolism ; pharmacology
8.Screening based on response surface methodology of multi-fractions traditional Chinese medicine with anti-influenza virus neuraminidase activity: take shuanghuanglian injection as an example.
Ling-Ling QIU ; Long-Hu CHEN ; Dan YAN ; Ping ZHANG ; Man-Rong TAN ; Zheng-Ming LI ; Xiao-He XIAO
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2012;47(4):466-471
This study aimed to establish a novel method to screen out the combined components of multi-fractions traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), so that the internal relationship between multi-ingredients could be objectively assessed and the proportioning ratio could be optimized. Taking antiviral effect on neuraminidase activity of influenza virus as the evaluating indicator and using Box-Behnken response surface methodology, the main effective ingredients of Shuanghuanglian injection (SHL) were screened. Meanwhile, the relationship between active ingredients was discussed. Taking SHL as a comparison, the optimum proportioning ratio was predicted. The results indicated that chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and baicalin have comparatively strong antiviral activity against influenza virus. Moreover, antagonistic action existed between chlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid, whereas synergistic action between caffeic acid and other components. The optimum proportioning ratio resulted from fitted model is: chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and baicalin (107 microg x mL(-1) : 279 microg x mL(-1) : 7.99 microg x mL(-1) : 92 microg x mL(-1)). The antiviral activity of the recombined components is stronger than that of SHL, which was consistent with the experiment results (P < 0.05). Box-Behnken response surface methodology has the advantages of general-screening, high-performance and accurate-prediction etc, which is appropriate for screening the combined components of multi-fractions TCM and the optimization of the proportioning ratio. The proposed method can serve as a technological support for the development of modern multi-fractions TCM.
Antiviral Agents
;
administration & dosage
;
chemistry
;
pharmacology
;
Caffeic Acids
;
isolation & purification
;
pharmacology
;
Chlorogenic Acid
;
isolation & purification
;
pharmacology
;
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
;
administration & dosage
;
chemistry
;
pharmacology
;
Enzyme Inhibitors
;
administration & dosage
;
chemistry
;
pharmacology
;
Flavonoids
;
isolation & purification
;
pharmacology
;
Injections
;
Medicine, Chinese Traditional
;
Neuraminidase
;
antagonists & inhibitors
;
metabolism
;
Orthomyxoviridae
;
drug effects
;
enzymology
9.Chlorogenic Acid Decreases Retinal Vascular Hyperpermeability in Diabetic Rat Model.
Joo Young SHIN ; Joonhong SOHN ; Kyu Hyung PARK
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2013;28(4):608-613
To evaluate the effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol abundant in coffee, on retinal vascular leakage in the rat model of diabetic retinopathy, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: controls, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg chlorogenic acid intraperitoneally daily for 14 days, respectively. Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown was evaluated using FITC-dextran. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) distribution and expression level was evaluated with immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Expression of tight junction proteins, occludin and claudin-5, and zonula occludens protein, ZO-1 was also evaluated with immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. BRB breakdown and increased vascular leakage was found in diabetic rats, with increased VEGF expression and down-regulation of occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1. CGA treatment effectively preserved the expression of occludin, and decreased VEGF levels, leading to less BRB breakdown and less vascular leakage. CGA may have a preventive role in BRB breakdown in diabetic retinopathy by preserving tight junction protein levels and low VEGF levels.
Animals
;
Blood-Retinal Barrier/*drug effects
;
Chlorogenic Acid/metabolism/*pharmacology
;
Claudin-5/metabolism
;
Dextrans/chemistry
;
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications/metabolism/*pathology
;
Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology/prevention & control
;
Down-Regulation
;
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/chemistry
;
Male
;
Occludin/metabolism
;
Rats
;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
;
Retina/*metabolism
;
Tight Junction Proteins/metabolism
;
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
;
Zonula Occludens-1 Protein/metabolism
10.Hypotriglyceridemic effects of apple polyphenols extract via up-regulation of lipoprotein lipase in triton WR-1339-induced mice.
Nan YAO ; Rong-rong HE ; Xiao-hui ZENG ; Xue-jun HUANG ; Tie-liang DU ; Jing-chao CUI ; Kurihara HIROSHI
Chinese journal of integrative medicine 2014;20(1):31-35
OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of apple polyphenols extract (APE) in Triton WR-1339-induced endogenous hyperlipidemic model.
METHODSFirstly, APE was isolated and purified from the pomace of Red Fuji Apple and contents of individual polyphenols in APE were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Secondly, forty male National Institude of Health (NIH) mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 animals in each group. The Fenofibrate Capsules (FC) group and APE groups received oral administration of respective drugs for 7 consecutive days. All mice except those in the normal group were intravenously injected through tail vein with Triton WR-1339 on the 6th day. Serum and livers from all the mice were obtained 18 h after the injection. The changes in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) were measured by respective kits. Finally, expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) mRNA was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS SERUM TC AND TG LEVELS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN TRITON WR-1339-INDUCED MODEL GROUP COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL GROUP (P<0.01). ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF APE [200 AND 400 MG/(KG DAY)] DOSE-DEPENDENTLY REDUCED THE SERUM LEVEL OF TG IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE (P<0.01). SERUM LPL AND HTGL ACTIVITIES SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN TRITON WR-1339-INDUCED MODEL GROUP COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL GROUP (P<0.05). ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF APE [200 AND 400 MG/(KG DAY)] DOSE-DEPENDENTLY ELEVATED THE SERUM ACTIVITY OF LPL IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE (P<0.05 OR P<0.01). FURTHERMORE, COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL GROUP, HEPATIC MRNA LEVEL OF PPARα IN THE MODEL GROUP SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED (P<0.01). ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF APE [200 AND 400 MG/(KG DAY)] DOSE-DEPENDENTLY ELEVATED THE EXPRESSION OF PPARα IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE (P<0.05 OR P<0.01):
CONCLUSIONAPE could reduce TG level via up-regulation of LPL activity, which provides new evidence to elucidate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of APE.
Animals ; Chlorogenic Acid ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; pathology ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Lipoprotein Lipase ; blood ; genetics ; Male ; Mice ; PPAR alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Polyethylene Glycols ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tannins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects