4 CasEs of Behcet's disease treated with oral chlorambucil were presented. Administration of chlorambucil was 6 mg daily during the period of 3 months. 9 months, 12 months, and 24 months respectively. All cases showed improved systemic and ocular symptoms, and gave an impression that the symptoms and signs were ceased and/or became milder.
Chlorambucil*

No abstract available.
Chlorambucil* ; Nephrotic Syndrome*

We herein report a case of therapy-resistant dermatomyositis treated with oral prednisolone and chlorambucil combination therapy. Concurrently, she showed cervical carcinoma in situ(CIS). Initially, we started to treat her with combination oral prednisolone, intramuscular methotrexate, hydroxychloroquin, and removal of cervical CIS. However, our patient failed to respond to these regimens. Thus, we had have another combination treatment of oral prednisolone and chlorambucil. After the treatment of this combination regimen, her recalcitrant dermatomyositis improved dramatically without recurrence. There were no significant adverse side effects with chlorambucil therapy.
Chlorambucil* ; Dermatomyositis* ; Humans ; Methotrexate ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence

Generalized granuloma annulare (GGA) is an uncommon type of granuloma annulare. It is frequently characterized by chronicity and unresponsiveness to a number of therapeutic modalities. A variety of systemic treatment modalities for GGA have been tried, including PUVA, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, systemic corticosteroids, niacinamide, vitamin E and chlorambucil. However, their efficacy was not very encouraging. We present a case of GGA which showed a satisfactory response to isotretinoin. To conclude, isotretinoin may be considered as treatment for GGA in patients with unacceptable cosmetic disfigurements or symptoms.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Chlorambucil ; Dapsone ; Granuloma Annulare* ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Isotretinoin* ; Niacinamide ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

Prolonged administration of steroid in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome can cause serious complications including growth failure, and various alternative treatments have been used for these children to alleviate steroid-induced complications and to achieve long-lasting remission. Present study was undertaken to compare the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic agents (cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil), cyclosporine and levamisole in 88 children with steroid-dependent mininal-change nephrotic syndrome, who have been followed-up in Pediatric Department, Kyungpook National University Hospital from 1985 to 1995. Cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil were given for 8 weeks (cyclophosphamide in 36 and chlorambucil in 13 cases) or 12 weeks (cyclophosphamide in 34 and chlorambucil in 12 cases), and cyclosporine (3-5mg/kg/day) and levamisole (2-2.5mg/kg alternate day) were given for 6-12 months. And the results were as follows ; Results of cytotoxic therapy ; At the end of the 1st year, remission rate with 12 wks course of cyclophosphamide(53%) was better than with 12 wks course of chlorambucil(33%) or 8 wks course of either drugs. However, at the end of the 2nd year, no difference was noted in remission rate between 12 wk course of cyclophosphamide(19%) and chlorambucil(17%). Results of cyclosporine therapy ; Out of 44 cases, 28(64%) showed sustain-ed remission, 8(18%) relapse with decreased frequency and steroid-sparing effect, and 8 no therapeutic effects. During treatment period, BUN, creatinine and blood pressure were remained in normal ranges. Remission rates with cyclosporine alone therapy without steroid in cyclosporine-responsive children were 83%, 83%, 57% and 43% at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months, respectively. Results of levamisole therapy ; Out of 16 cases, 8 (50%) showed sustained remission, 5(31%) relapse with decreased frequency and steroid-sparing effect, and 3 no therapeutic effects. In one case, transient neutropenia was observed without serious sequelae. Remission rate with levamisole alone therapy without steroid in levamisole-responsive children were 88%, 85%, 67% and 44% at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months, respectively. In conclusion, present study indicates that 12 weeks course of cyclohospha-mide or chlorambucil seems to be the most effective therapy for inducing long-lasting remission in steroid-dependent nephrotic children. And long-term use of cyclosporine or levamisole can also be used quite effectively in achieving prolonged remission and steroid-sparing effects without serious side effects.
Blood Pressure ; Child* ; Chlorambucil ; Creatinine ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cyclosporine* ; Cytotoxins* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Levamisole* ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Neutropenia ; Recurrence ; Reference Values

Childhood minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)is often associated with hyper-sensitivity reactions and considered to be caused by immune dysfunction. The elevated serum IgE levels and atopic symptoms have been frequently associated in these patients. The present therapy for MCNS mainly depends on corticosteroids, alkylating agents such as chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin A (Cy, A). However, frequent relapses and severe side effects caused by such therapy necessitate development of a more specific and effective therapeutic regimen.Recently, a T cell derived cytokine, interleukin 4 (IL-4)is being recognized as a major cytokine up-regulating IgE production and response, while interferon- (IFN- )counteracts IL-4 actions to down-regulate the IL-4 induced IgE response. Hence, the present study is aimed to investigate the role of IL-4 in MCNS. Using freshly isolated peripheral blood from active MCNS patients and normal controls, it was found that not only serum IgE levels, but also membrane-bound IgE receptor expression and soluble IgE receptor production were also significantly higher in MCNS than in mormal controls, which in turn correlated well with the increased IL-4 activities in the patients' sera. Interestingly among MCNS patients receiving a steroid therapy, those who responded with a clinical remission demonstrated a noticeable decrease in IgE receptor levels on their B cells. From these results it is concluded that MCNS is highly associated with not only increased serum IgE, but also elevated IL-4 activities and IgE receptor expression. In addition, IgE receptor could be a good prognostic marker in MCNS.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Alkylating Agents ; B-Lymphocytes ; Chlorambucil ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cyclosporine ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Interleukin-4 ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Recurrence

Behcet's disease was originally described as a triple symptom complex of oral aphthous ulceration, genital ulceration, and hypopyon iritis. It is now known to have a wide systemic manifestations. Among them, the central nervous system involvement should be diagnosed earlier because of it's lethal potential. Recently the authors experienced a case of Behcet's disease with CNS involvement. A 51-year-old female patient was admitted due to deterioration of mentality and generalized ache since 2 years prior to admission. The findings on physical examination were compatible with Behcet's disease, but without cerebrospinal pleocytosis. The manifestations were improved with medications of prednisolone, chlorambucil, colchicines, but relapsed relapsed 2 months later during subsequent tapering of prednisolone and chlorambucil. The patient is now on medication again. A case of Behcet's disease with CNS manifestations is reported with review of literature.
Behcet Syndrome ; Central Nervous System ; Chlorambucil ; Female ; Humans ; Iritis ; Leukocytosis ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; Prednisolone ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Ulcer

OBJECTIVETo explore the action mechanism of chlorambucil against mantle cell lymphoma cell line Jeko-1.

METHODSThe effect of chlorambucil on Jeko-1 cell proliferation was measured by MTT method. The effect of chlorambucil on the apoptosis of Jeko-1 cell was detected by Hoechst staining and Annexin V-FITC dual staining. The activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the expression of BAX, BCL-2, procaspase 3, procaspase 8 and procaspase 9 were detected by Western blot.

RESULTS0, 5, 10, 20 µmol/L chlorambucil could inhibit Jeko-1 cell proliferation at 24, 48, 72 h in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Chlorambucil of 0, 5, 10, 20 µmol/L increased the apoptotic rate of Jeko-1 cells, upregulated the expression of BAX, procaspase 3, procaspase 8, procaspase 9 and PI3K, increased the phosphorylation of AKT and down-regulated the expression of BCL-2.

CONCLUSIONThe chlorambucil can induce the apoptosis of mantle cell lymphoma Jeko-1 cells via blocking PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Chlorambucil ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphorylation ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of MAC regimen in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients older than 55 years.

METHODSA total of 33 relapsed or non-remission AML patients older than 55 years were enrolled in this research. MAC regimen was given as the salvage treatment. Complete remission rate(CR), partial remission rate(PR), overall survival(OS), relapse-free survival(RFS) and adverse effect were analysed.

RESULTSCR rate after the salvage therapy with MAC was 51.1%, partial remission (PR) rate was 6.1%, the overall response rate (ORR) was 57.6%, the median OS was 8 months (1.0-66.0 months), the median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 10.1 months (2.3-40.4 months). Mortality related with salvage treatment in 30 days was 9.1%. Low incidence of severe organ damage were found.

CONCLUSIONMAC can be used as a relative effective and safe regimen for the salvage treatment of the older AML patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Chlorambucil ; Cytarabine ; Dactinomycin ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Methotrexate ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Remission Induction ; Salvage Therapy

A patient with Behcet's syndrome in whom multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms were completely resolved after a combined treatment with corticosteroid and chlorambucil is reported.
Aneurysm/*drug therapy ; Behcet Syndrome/*drug therapy ; Case Report ; Chlorambucil/*therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Human ; Male ; Prednisone/*therapeutic use ; *Pulmonary Artery