Proteomics is a new experimental approach that incorporates system-wide research on protein composing and interaction. The applications for pituitary and pituitary disorders include mapping and heterogeneous analysis of major proteins in normal pituitary, mapping of major proteins in human pituitary adenoma and differential proteomic profiling between pituitary adenoma and normal pituitary. This technology may have vital importance in molecular mechanism investigation, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of pituitary adenomas.

Microarray analysis is a new technology for high-throughput molecular profile. Microarray analysis has been applied in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas research, age-related factors and molecular mechanisms of routine therapies. Microarray will help the understanding about more pituitary adenomas than before. Substantial improvements of microarray technologies are needed for laboratory and clinical research.

Objective To study the causes, significance of alteration of PtiO 2, PtiCO 2 and pHti in liver tissue during liver ischemia reperfusion (I R). Methods After rabbits were anesthetized, liver ischemia was induced by complete occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligment for 45 min, then the portal and arterial flow were released, and observed for 120 min for measuring the PtiO 2, PtiCO 2 and pHti in liver tissue and the pathology of the liver during ischemia reperfusion. Results After 15 min of hepatic vascular occlusion, PtiO 2 decreased to 4 mmHg, PtiCO 2 increased fast to (149.63?9.80) mmHg (P

Objective To report the clinical features,microsurgical techniques and outcomes of 5 patients admitted in our hospital,who had solid hemangioblastoma in medulla oblongata in the last 5 years.Methods 5 consecutive cases of solid hemangioblastoma in medulla oblongata operated from March,2011 to May,2016 were reviewed and fl lowed up.Results All patients suffered headache,dizziness and cerico-occipital pain from the beginning plus one was found because of obstructive hydrocephalus.The mean duration before operation was 6.7 months.The mean maximum diameter of tumor was (33.7±3.4)mm.The suboccipital posterior midline approach was performed and gross total resection was achieved in all 5 cases.After operation,endotracheal tube was removed in all 5 patients,but 3 received tracheotomy,and all patients can take food freely now through rehabilitation exercise.Followed up until September 2016,all patients lived a normal life.Conclusion The operation of solid hemangioblastoma in medulla oblongata is full of huge risk,but microsurgical resection is the only cure means for the tumor.

Objective There are differences in the diagnosis and treatment of primary melanocytoma in central nervous sys -tem.The article was to investigate the experience of its diagnosis and treatment . Methods Retrospective analysis were made on the clinical data of 14 cases with primary melanocytoma in central nervous system ( CNS) from January 1999 to December 2012, among which were 5 males and 9 females.The incidence ages were 14-52, average 32.7.The course of disease ranged from half a month to 19 years, geometric average 7.9 months.5 cases recurred and 9 cases occurred first.10 cases were intracranial and 4 were intraspinal. Results 14 patients underwent surgery and had pathologic diagnosis of melanocytoma .Total resection was performed in 7 patients, subtotal resection in 3, and partial resection in 1.Immunohistochemical study showed , in all cases, S-100 and HMB-45 were positive, GFAP and EMA were negative .Vimentin was positive in 8 cases and MelanA positive in 5 cases.12 cases recovered well and dis-charged except for paraplegia and facial paralysis in 1 case each. Conclusion Primary melanocytoma in CNS is very rare .Diagnosis is based on intraoperative findings , surgical pathology and immunohistochemistry results .Surgery is the primary therapy and early total resection is advocated .Adjuvant radiotherapy can reduce the recurrence rate .

Objectives:The screening examination of bladder cancer by detecting urinary survivin and the survivin expression in bladder cancer were evaluated. Methods:Urinary survivin was detected by ELISA and survivn expression of tumor tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry.(Results):There was significant difference in urinary survivin between the groups of treatment and control((P

Objective:To discuss the surgical outcome of pediatric intractable temporal epilepsy. Methods:This observation included 34 pediatric patients with intractable temporal epilepsy who were admitted to our hospital from 1990 to 2001.CT or MRI,EEG and neuropsychological examinations were taken to determine the situations of the patients.They all underwent improved anterior temporal lobectomy. Results:The patients have been followed up for 2-13 years.According to Engel's classification,the achieved outcomes were seizure-free in 22(65 %) patients,apparently improved in 3(9 %) patients,improved in 3(9 %) patients,no effect in 2(6 %) patients,and lost of follow-up in 4(12 %) patients,respectively. Conclusion:Surgical treatment to pediatric intractable temporal epilepsy is safe and effective.The most common pathological causes for pediatric epilepsy are tumor and hippocampus sclerosis.Early surgery of pediatric temporal epilepsy could improve the life qualities of patients.

Objective To study the lesion patterns of hemorrhagic type of moyamoya disease (MMD) in adults. Methods Seventy-two consecutive cases of hemorrhagic type of MMD, confirmed by digital cerebral angiography in Jinling hospital between January 2004 and February 2010, were retrieved from the Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. MMD patients were classified according to the hemorrhagic sites into 4 types: non-thalamic parenchymal, thalamic, primary ventricular and subarachnoid. The ipsilateral anterior choroidal artery and posterior communicating artery (AChA-PComA) were evaluated by the modified Morioka's 3-points grading system: normal or mild to moderate dilation, severe dilation with abnormal extension and non-visualization. The relationship between lesion patterns and the angiographic findings was analyzed. Results In the stage of normal or mild to moderate dilation of AChA-PComA, non-thalamic parenchymal hemorrhage was the more frequent type (51.6%, 16/31 ;Z = -3.266,P =0.001 ), and there was a high incidence of intrastriatal hemorrhage occurred (22.6%, 7/31 ). In the stage of severe dilation with abnormal extension, intraventricular hemorrhage was most common ( 58.8%, 20/34 ;Z = -2.696 ,P =0.008). In addition, posterior circulation subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was associated with a higher grade of AChA-PComA than anterior circulation SAH (Z = -4.655 ,P ＜ 0.01 ). Furthermore, posterior circulation SAH was the only type of SAH in the stage of non-visualization(9.7% ,7/72; x2 =42.999,P ＜0.01 ). Conclusion In adult patients with MMD, different subtypes of hemorrhagic stroke were associated with angiographic changes of AChA-PComA, and the angiographic characteristics may predict the location of hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of hyperventilat ion on brain tissue oxygen pressure (P(ti)O(2)), brain tissue carbon dio xide pressure (P(ti)O(2)), pH value and intracranial pressure (ICP) dur ing intracranial hypertension in pigs. METHODS: Autologous arterial blood (5.5 mlplus minus0.5 ml) was injected into the left frontal lobe by micropump to establish the model of intr acerebral hematoma in pigs. After blood injection, the animals were hyperventila ted for 15 minutes to decrease the pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (P(a)CO(2)) to 27.35 mm Hgplus minus11.97 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa). The mean arterial pressure (MAP), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), P(ti)O(2), (P(ti)CO(2)), pH value and [HCO(3)(-)] were continuously monitored and the blood gas was analyzed. RESULTS: After hyperventilation, the ICP significantly decr eased (P<0.01), the CPP significantly increased (P<0.05), while the P(ti)O(2) greatly decreased to t he ischemic level (8.20 mm Hgplus minus2.50 mm Hg) (P<0.01), the P(ti)CO(2) decreased (P<0.01) and the pH value increased (P<0.01). At the same time, bl ood gas analysis showed that the P(a)CO(2) greatly decreased and the pH valu e increased. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperventilation can decrease the ICP and the P(ti)O(2) significantly. Therefore, hyperventilation should be avoided earl y after brain injury. The P(ti)O(2) monitoring will be helpful for detec ting cerebral ischemia early.

Objective To develop a simple and effective method for monitoring cortical ischemia after temporary occlusion of the parent arteries during anterior circulation intracranial aneurysm surgery. Methods Fifty-two patients with anterior circulation aneurysm (58 aneurysms) received craniotomy from April to November 2008, and at the same time,cortical electroencephalograpby (EEG) and scalp EEG were monitored during the surgery.According to the international 10/20 electrode placement system, scalp electrodes were placed on O1, O2, P3, P4, T5, and T6 for monitoring the changes in the depth of anesthesia. A cortical strip electrode was placed on the cortical surface supplied by the artery that was possibly blocked during the operation, which was used to monitor the possible cortical ischemia. For patients who had cortical EEG suppression after the temporary occlusion of the parent arteries Were compared with the changes of scalp EEG. Whether there were ischemic events in the corresponding supply territory after vascular occlusion were observed after surgery. Results Of the 58 aneurysms, 40 aneurysms and 41 major arteries were occluded temporarily. After being occluded temporarily in 19 arteries of 18 patients, cortical EEG changed significantly,while scalp EEG did not change significantly. Only 9 patients had ischemic events in the corresponding supply territories after the occlusion in the cortical EEG significant change group. The changes in the depth of anesthesia had the consistent impact on cortical and scalp EEG. Conelusions Simultaneous monitoring of cortical and scalp EEG is a simple and effective method for monitoring cortical ischemia during anterior circulation intracranial aneurysm surgery, and may effectively identify the effect of anesthesia on EEG.