AIM: This study aimed at investigating the effects and mechanism of total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis (TA) on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. METHODS: The experimental gastric damages were established by intragastric ethanol, and the protective effects of TA were evaluated by calculating lesion indices contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity from rat gastric mucosa were measured to explore the interrelation between therapeutic effects of TA and these factors. The expressions of neuronal nitrogen monoxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS)from ethanol-damaged gastric mucosa in rats were analysised using immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: TA significantly inhibited the gastric injury induced by ethanol ,in dose-dependent manner,and the effect of TA was superior to that of Berberine (Ber). TA obviously antric mucosa. TA significantly suppressed ethanol-induced decreasing nNOS and eNOS expression and elevation of iNOS expression in rat gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION: Rhizoma Coptidis is a potent candidate in therapeutic drugs of human alcohol-induced gastric injury. Its anti-injury effects involve in Ber and other ingredients of TA. The protective mechanisms of TA involve in inhibiting generation of oxygen-derived free radical, accelerating scavenging of free radicals, relieving lipid peroxidation, and maintaining NO content in normal level by inhibiting decreasing of nNOS and eNOS expression and elevation of iNOS expression.

AIM: To establish HPLC for the determination of icariin and adenosine in Cordyceps Vigorine Tablet. METHODS:MetaChem Polaris ODS C18-A column(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was adopted; acetonitrile-water was the mobile phase; detection wavelength was set at 272 nm for icariin and at 260 nm for adenosine; column linearity within the range of 0. 374-2. 246 μg for icariin and 0. 348-1. 392 μg for adenosine, respectively. The average recovery and RSD were found to be (99.4 ± 1.84) % for icariin ( n = 6), (99.63 ± 1.29 ) % for adenosine,respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is convenient, fast, reliable to operate and suitable for the quality control of Cordyceps Vigorine Tablet.

AIM: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of tanshinone Ⅱ A in Compound Danguifukang Capsule. METHODS: Analytic column: Reliasil C18(5μm, 250mm×4.6mm), protective column: (5μm, 12.50mm×4.6mm); mobile phase: methnaol-ultrapure water (80: 20); detective wavelength was at 270a good linearity within the range of 1×10-2-0.16μg, r=0.9995. The average recovery was 99.73% and RSD was 2.91%. CONCLUSION: The method is feasible, and simple to operate and suitable for the quality control of Compound Dangguifukang Capsule.

AIM: To develop a simple HPLC for the determination of ursolic acid in Hawthorn leaves, and to compare ursolic acid content in Hawthorn leaves of different species, locations and growth stages, so as to supply some evidences for the exploitation and utilization of Hawthorn leaves reasonably. METHODS: By high-performance liquid chromatography method. Lichrospher C18 column (250 ×4.6 mm I. D. 5 μm); mobile phase, acetonitrile-water-orthophosphoric acid (85: 14.95: 0.05) with a flow-rate of 1.00 ml/min; column temperature at 30 ℃; injection volume, 5μl; UV detector at 210 nm. RESULTS: The detection limit (S/N=3) was less than 4. 024 μg/ml and the limit of quantification( S/N =10) was less than 12.05 μg/ml. The calibration curve showed good linear regression(r =0. 9999) within measurement ranges( 16.09 - 1030 μg/ml). The intra-day and interday variation were 0.71% and 6. 15%, respectively. The recoveries at low to high concentration were 89%-105%. Under these conditions, the ursolic acid content in different Hawthorn leaves were determined: 1.90%-1.95% in C. scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehd, 1.00%-1.45% in C. cuneata Sieb. & Zucc, 0.45%-0.65% in C.pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br.; In differnet growth stages of C. pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br. , the young leaves contain higher content of ursolic acid. CONCLUSION: The method is successfully applied to quantify ursolic acid in Hawthorn leaves. And the ursolic acid contents in Hawthorn leaves of differnent species are very different; C. scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehd contains the highest ursolic acid content in them. However, there is a little difference among different locations and growth stages for same species.

AIM:To explore the effect of β-asarone on vascular endotheliam and adhesion molecule expression of endothelium induced by β-amyloid peptide from Alzheimer's disease and to estimate the injury repair.METHODS:Cultured ECV304 cells were incubated with freshly solublizeal Aβ1-42 and the mixture of Aβ1-42 and β-asarone,the expression of three central adhesion molecules,CD106,CD62P,CE62E and Ca2+ concentration were examined and apoptosis was recorded by Flow eytometry.Test viability of cells by MTT methods.RESULTS:The results showed that in model group and treated group,ligation of endothelial CD106,CD62P,CE62E,markers for endothelial cell activation and Ca2+ concentration,leads to a lot of release.The livability decreased and the apoptosis increased.Further more,simultaneous treatment of ECV304 cells with β-asarone resulted in the decrease significandy in these three adhesion molecules described above and Ca2+ concentration as well as the livability upper and apoptosis lower.CONCLUSION:CD106,CD62P,CE62E,important inflammational factor of Aβ-induced endothelial injury,may be promotion of the inflammatory scade in vascular endothelial.β-asarone may protect ECV304 cell apoptosis by regulate Ca2+ and expression of cell surface markers.

AIM:To study the effect of Ketangte2 (KTT2)on reducing blood glucose and its mechanism.METHODS:Adrenalin and streptozocin were used to induce hyperglycemia in two mice models,and then treated them with glybenzcyclamide (50 mg/kg),three different dose of KTT2 and normal saline(NS)(0.1 ml/10 g weight)for 15 days.And other healthy mice were set up as control group,During the experiment,the fast blood glucose(FBG),insulin was measured in different time.The pancreas and islets of diabetic mice induced by STZ were studied by pathologic section.RESULTS:In the adrenalin-induced model group,KIT2 could lighten hyperglycemic reaction,which Was significant different from that of model group(P＜0.05 or 0.01),while KTT2 high,middle dose group could decrease blood glucose in streptozocin-induced hypoglycemic mice obviously(P＜0.01).Histological examination showed that pancreatic island number in pancreas in KTT2 groups increased in comparison with the model group.CONCLUSION:KTT2 can obviously reduce the blood glucose in the two kinds of animal models of hyperglycemia (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Its mechanism may be related to the protective effect on islet β cells,thereby increase the insulin secretion.

AIM: To: optimize the extraction process of mussel polysaccharide, and then gain higher content of polysaccharide. METHODS: Involved in the three factors, temperature and times of extraction, concentration of NaOH solutions, to do the experiment by orthogonal design uniform design and the method of anthrone. RESULTS: The result showed that the most important factors were temperature of extraction and concentration of NaOH solutions. The optimum extraction conditions were A1B2C1, 4 ℃, 5% NaOH solutions and extracting only once. CONCLUSION: This optimized process is economical, simple, stable and efficient.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Shuguan Capsule on myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MOC) in anesthetized dogs. METHODS: Coronary blood flow (CBF) of twenty-five thoracotomized dogs was detected by electromagnetic flow meter and the MBF was calculated. While the oxygen content in the artery (AO2 ) and in the coronary venous sinus (VO2) was determined with blood oxygen analysis.Moreover, the other cardiac hemodynamic parameters, such as heart rate (HR), femoral arterial blood pressure (BP), were observed by physiological polygraph. RESULTS: It was found that Shuguan Capsule (48.5 mg/kg and 194 mg/kg) could significantly increase the MBF, and then decease the coronary artery resistance. Furthermore, Shuguan Capsule could also lower the AO2, but increase the VO2, which led to the decreased MOC. CONCLUSION: Shuguan Capsule exhibits the effects to keep the balance between blood supply and oxygen consumption in the heart by modulating the coronary resistance and by reducing MOC in dogs.

AIM : To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside in Lysimachia clethroide Duby.METHODS: Using Diamonsil C_(18) (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) as analytical column.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% phosphoric acid ( B ) with gradient elution : 0～18rain,83%～80% B; 18～30 min,80%～86% B.The detection wavelength of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside was at 254 nm and 281 nm,respectively.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; Column temperature was at 35 ℃.RESULTS: A better separating effect was obtained with the HPLC gradient elution method.The linear calibration curve of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside were obtained in the concentration range of 1.00～48.00 μg/mL( r =0.999 3 ) and 0.64 ～ 40.72 μg/mL( r = 0.999 8 ),respectively.CONCLUSION : The HPLC method is accurate,simple and can be used to determine the contents of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside in Lysimachia clethroide Duby simultaneously.

AIM: The multi-residues method was used to determine organophosphorus pesticides in traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs).METHODS: Fifty three pesticides were extracted by high-speed homogenization,and then cleaned sequentially by C_(18) and Carb/NH2 solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges.The residues were simultaneously identified and quantified by GC-FPD equipped with dual tower,dual column and two FPD detectors.RESULTS: The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 6 TCHMs samples extracts,spiked at three concentration levels for each pesticide.In general,the recoveries ranging from 70% to 120%,with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 15%,were obtained.The limit of detection (LOD) for most of the targeted pesticides tested was below 0.01 mg/kg.CONCLUSION: The method has good extraction efficiency,purification effect and good reproducibility,which can be applied to the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in the routine analysis of TCHMs.