OBJECTIVETo establish and evaluate a scale method for rating children's behavior in dental clinic in China.

METHODSDV records were taken for 210 children under 8-year-old, who visited the department of pediatric dentistry of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology during Jun to Aug in 2004. The Venham's clinic anxiety rating scale and cooperative behavior rating scale were translated into Chinese, and modified according to these records. Twenty-four pieces of records were selected randomly, and 11 pediatric dentists and assistants assessed the child behavior in the 24 records. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman's correlation coefficient (SCC), which denoted inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability, were calculated.

RESULTSThe ICC was 0.929 and the SCC was 0.963.

CONCLUSIONSThe scale has good inter-rater reliability and excellent intra-rater reliability, and it is competent for rating the children's behavior in dental clinic in China.

Child ; Child Behavior ; psychology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Dental Anxiety ; psychology ; Dentists ; psychology ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pediatric Dentistry ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Tooth Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of ozone on remineralization of enamel in vitro.

METHODSCaries-like lesions were prepared in the enamel of extracted cattle incisors with demineralizing solution. The specimens were treated with deionized water, 1000 mg/kg fluoride, 4.5 mg/L ozone, and pH-cycled. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surface of enamel specimens. The effect of remineralization was assessed by three lesion parameters (fluorescent area, total and average fluorescence), which were measured with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The data were collected and analyzed by SNK test in ANOVA.

RESULTSSEM observation showed that the surface morphology of the deionized water group and ozone group were similar: porous and atactic; but the surface morphology of fluoride group was smooth and the aperture became smaller. The three parameters in the three groups were as follows, respectively. Delta A were (0.31 +/- 0.28), (1.73 +/- 0.63) and (0.28 +/- 0.19) x 10(4) microm2, Delta TF were (0.42 +/- 0.34), (2.53 +/- 0.73) and (0.48 +/- 0.27) x 10(5), Delta AF were (3.35 +/- 2.55), (46.51 +/- 16.64) and (4.95 +/- 3.05). The fluoride group was significantly greater than deionized water group and ozone group (P < 0.05); but there was no significant difference between the deionized water group and ozone group.

CONCLUSIONSThe results of this in vitro study suggest that ozone has no effect on remineralization of enamel blocks.

Animals ; Cattle ; Dental Enamel ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Ozone ; pharmacology ; Tooth Demineralization ; pathology ; Tooth Remineralization

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the periodontal conditions in community-dwelling Chinese with diabetes and analyze some related factors.

METHODSA total of 90 (45- to 84- year-old) patients with diabetes, participating in community-based non-communicable diseases management system, were recruited in this study. The examination items on these patients included periodontal measurements performed by pocket probing depth (PPD), attachment loss (AL), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PLI), and blood sugar metabolic level surveillance, as well as structured questionnaire interview.

RESULTSThe prevalence of periodontitis was 100%, while 37.1% was diagnosed as having mild periodontitis, 24.4% with moderate, and 38.5% with advanced periodontitis. The AL level in male was significantly higher than that in female. The periodontal destruction was highly correlated with HbA1C value and affected by some socio-behavior factors based on multinomial logistic model.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a positive correlation between AL and HbA1C level, and AL and HbA1C should be measured regularly. The patients' periodontal inflammation needs effective control. Priority should be given to the low income population and those with little periodontal knowledge for behavior interventions.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; China ; epidemiology ; Dental Health Services ; Dental Plaque Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; epidemiology ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periodontal Attachment Loss ; blood ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; blood ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Prevalence ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo detect and compare the activity and intensity of gingipain K (Kgp)-caspase like subdomain in culture medium and cell extract of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) isolates in puberty gingivitis and to reveal the possible association of Kgp with puberty gingivitis.

METHODSThirty-six children of 14 to 17 years old were enrolled in this study. Clinical parameters including gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and probing depth (PD) were evaluated. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and Pg isolates were obtained. 16S rRNA PCR was used to confirm Pg clinical isolates. Bacteria were grown in batches of BHI base and harvested at the end of log-phase growth. Culture fractions (culture medium and cell extract) of 10 Pg isolates were performed with SDS-PAGE and Western blot technique using primary antibody against specific Kgp-caspase like subdomain. Activity of Kgp in both samples was detected as well. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. The relationship between the Kgp intensity/activity of Kgp and the clinical parameters was statistically analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient.

RESULTSThere was positive correlation between the intensity/activity of Kgp and the clinical parameters (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe Kgp in clinical isolates of Pg from puberty gingivitis is in complicated forms. Caspase-like molecules with low molecular weight may exist as intracellular functional protein molecules which can affect the interaction between Pg and host. Kgp was contributes in certain degree to the pathogenesis of puberty gingivitis.

Adhesins, Bacterial ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dental Plaque ; microbiology ; Female ; Gingivitis ; enzymology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore effects of chewing-side preference (CSP) on cerebral cortical response during clenching task with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

METHODSSeven patients with left CSP and 7 patients with right CSP were selected to perform the maximum voluntary clenching in intercuspal position, and block designed blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI scan covering the whole brain was carried out.

RESULTSThere was activation in the parahippocampal gyrus in the four patients among seven with left CSP. But there was no activation in the parahippocampal gyrus among the patients with right CSP.

CONCLUSIONSThis research shows that the parahippocampal gyrus, which is associated with human memory and study, is activated during clenching task in the patients with left CSP.

Adult ; Bite Force ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mastication ; physiology ; Memory ; physiology ; Parahippocampal Gyrus ; physiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analysis the relationship between esthetic characters and satisfaction degree of patients.

METHODSNinety patients requiring single anterior tooth restoration were treated in clinic with all-ceramic crowns. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the satisfaction degree of patients after treatment. Clinical assessments were made by a prosthodontist in characters of feature, surface texture, hue, color distribution, incisal transparency, and individual characterization of all-ceramic crowns. Color-difference between the crowns and corresponding natural teeth was tested by Vita Easyshade electrical colorimetric instrument. The relationship between the last two items and patients' satisfaction degree was analyzed.

RESULTSThere were significance differences in the different degree among all the six esthetic characters (P < 0.05), except good and moderate degrees in the character of hue (P = 0.553). And color distribution, individual characterization, and surface texture of the crowns showed high correlations with the satisfaction degree of patients (r = 0.485, 0.472, 0.467). Total color-differences, absolute value of hue-differences, and Deltaa between restorations and corresponding natural teeth were related to the satisfaction degree of patients, and Spearman correlation coefficient was -0.434, -0.371, and -0.406 (P < 0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSAll the esthetic characters assessed in clinic were related to the satisfaction degrees of patients, especially color distribution, individual characterization and surface texture. Total color-differences and hue-differences were correlated with the satisfaction degrees of patients as well.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; standards ; Esthetics, Dental ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Satisfaction ; statistics & numerical data ; Prosthesis Coloring ; Surface Properties ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore gene expression of estrogen receptor (ERalpha, ERbeta) and androgen receptor (AR) in genioglossal muscle (GG) of adult male rats, and to investigate the effects of sex hormones on GG activities, ERalpha, ERbeta and AR expression.

METHODSGG samples were collected from 10 healthy adult male rats. Total RNA were extracted and subjected to fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (FQ RT-PCR) for quantitative measurement of ERalpha, ERbeta and AR mRNAs. The other 24 male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, estrogen group (intramuscular injection of estrogen 0.1 mg/kg, twice a week) and androgen group (intramuscular injection of androgen 2.5 mg/kg, twice a week). The electromyographic activities (EMG) and contract tension of GG were investigated after 4-week treatment. The expression of ERalpha, ERbeta and AR was assessed by Western blot.

RESULTSThe mRNA expression ratios of AR/GAPDH, ERalpha/GAPDH, ERbeta/GAPDH and ERalpha/ERbeta were (295.80 +/- 127.20), (2042.00 +/- 921.57), (65.96 +/- 29.57) and (36.83 +/- 19.66), respectively. The mRNA level of ERalpha was significantly higher than that of ERbeta (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the EMG of GG was intensified in the estrogen group (P < 0.01). GG contractility did not change significantly (P > 0.05), and ERalpha expression in GG was up-regulated by estrogen (P < 0.05); while in the androgen group, the EMG of GG was weakened (P < 0.05). P(t) and P(0) were slightly increased (P > 0.05) and the decline rate of P(0) was markedly quickened (P < 0.05). AR and ERbeta expressions were down-regulated by androgen (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBoth AR and ER were expressed in GG of adult male rats, and ERalpha was expressed more abundantly than ERbeta. Estrogen could greatly improve activities of GG and stimulate the expression of ERalpha. Whereas, androgen could restrain activities of GG, impair its fatigue resistance capacity and inhibit the expression of AR and ERbeta.

Animals ; Estradiol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; Pharyngeal Muscles ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Testosterone Propionate ; pharmacology ; Tongue ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the imtrusion of overerupted molars with microscrews as anchorage.

METHODSThirteen adult patients were treated with microscrew anchorage and fixed appliances. Twenty-three overerupted posterior maxillary teeth were intruded. The intrusive movement was investigated on cephalometric radiographs.

RESULTSThe molars were intruded and the occlusal plane was corrected successfully in all patients. The treatment period of intrusion was from 5 to 18 months (mean 10.4 months). Significant true intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars, ranged from 0.45 mm to 7.00 mm [mean (2.86 +/- 1.80) mm], was achieved (P < 0.001). The apical root resorption was not clinically significant and the bone level was unchanged.

CONCLUSIONSThe microscrew anchorage and fixed appliances were applicable and efficacious for intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Cephalometry ; Dental Implantation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Molar ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo examine the differential gene expression among adenoid cystic carcinoma ACC-M, low metastasis ACC-2 and low differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma MEC-1 with gene array, and detect three important genes with real-time quantitative PCR.

METHODSGene array was used to screen the differential genes, then three important genes were selected and detected by real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSThe gene contents of MDR-1, MRP-1 and CCD1 were MEC-1 > ACC-M > ACC-2, MEC-1 > ACC-M > ACC-2 and MEC-1 > ACC-M > ACC-2 respectively.

CONCLUSIONSDrug resistance of MEC-1 is related with high content of MDR-1. High metastasis of ACC-M is concerned with high content of MRP-1 and low content of CCD-1. Low metastasis of ACC-2 has a relationship with low content of MRP1.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, MDR ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression.

METHODSThe vector containing short hairpin RNA of iNOS was transfected into Tca8113 cells using the RNA interference (RNAi) technique. The gene and protein expression of iNOS and VEGF was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSThe expression of iNOS, VEGF gene in Tca8113 cells was significantly different between the experimental and control groups 24 h and 48 h after transfection (P < 0.05). The protein expression of iNOS was different between the two groups 36 h and 48 h after transfection, and of VEGF was also different between the two groups 48 h after transfection (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of VEGF could be down-regulated by silencing the iNOS gene in Tca8113 cells.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; Tongue Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism