1.Effect of wild feces detection in Oncomelania hupensis environments on sur-veillance of infection source of schistosomiasis
Zuwu TU ; Bo LI ; Xiaowei SHAN ; Hong ZHU ; Shunxiang CAI
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2016;28(5):601-602
Objective To evaluate the effect of wild feces detection in Oncomelania hupensis environments on the surveil?lance of infection source of schistosomiasis,and find the weakness in schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province,so as to put for?ward the targeted strategies and measures. Methods Four environments with O. hupensis snails in endemic areas of Hubei Provinces,where human and livestock often haunted,were selected according to the river systems,namely the Juzhanghe River beach in Jingzhou City,Changjiang River beach in Jiayu County,Hanbei River beach in Tianmen City,and Changshou River beach in Zhongxiang City,then the snail survey and wild feces detection were implemented in the selected environments. Re?sults There were O. hupensis snails,livestock,wild feces of cattle or sheep as well as positive cattle feces found in all the 4 environments,and the positive rate of schistosome miracidium incubation was 47.62%. Conclusion The schistosome miracidi?um positive rate of wild feces of cattle is high in the environments with snails in endemic areas of Hubei Province ,which has high risk for schistosomiasis transmission.
2.Surveillance of imported schistosomiasis in non-endemic areas in Changshu City from 2006 to 2015
Weien ZHOU ; Anhua YIN ; Yongyuan PU
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2016;28(5):598-600
Objective To understand the situation of imported schistosomiasis in non?endemic areas along the Yangtze Riv?er in Changshu City,so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting control measures. Methods The data of Onco?melania hupensis snails and schistosomiasis patients in Changshu City from 2006 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Re?sults Totally 1 650 residents of Changshu City were tested by serum tests from 2006 to 2015,and 35 cases were positive,with a positive rate of 2.12%. No positive cases were found in etiological tests. No O. hupensis snails were found. Conclusion No im?ported schistosomiasis cases are found in the areas along the Yangtze River in Changshu City,but the infection source is still possible to be imported,and the surveillance work should be strengthened.
3.Assessment and authentication of malaria elimination in Changzhou City
Shiying ZHU ; Yiqing XIE ; Mingzhen HE ; Weiming WANG
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2016;28(5):589-593
Objective To analyze the results of assessment and authentication of malaria elimination of 7 county?level cities and districts in Changzhou City,Jiangsu Province,and explore the suitable monitoring methods for malaria after the elimination in this region,so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting the malaria elimination strategies and measures. Meth?ods The data from the network reports of malaria epidemic situation,blood examinations of febrile patients,epidemiological questionnaires of malaria cases,investigation of epidemic focuses and disposal tables were collected and analyzed in Changzhou City from 2009 to 2014. The clinicians were assessed with the closed?book written examinations for their ability of the diagnosis and treatment of malaria. The inspection personnel were assessed by the microscopical examinations of Plasmodium. Totally 30 negative blood slides were reviewed. In the natural village where the last local case of malaria was located ,200 blood filter pa?pers were collected for gene detection of Plasmodium. Results From 2009 to 2014,145 malaria cases were reported in Chang?zhou City. Totally 170 638 febrile patients received blood detections for malaria,of which 137 cases were positive and the posi?tive rate was 0.08%. The majority of malaria cases were imported except 8 local malaria infection cases in 2009 and 2 local ma?laria infection cases in 2010. Four of seven county?level cities(districts)gained an average score of 20 points on the microscopi?cal examinations of Plasmodium. Liyang City got a minimum average score of 18.8 points. In capacity assessment of malaria diag?nosis and treatment,Liyang City gained the highest average score of 19.8 points,and Qishuyan District got the lowest average score of 18.0 points. The malaria elimination assessment scores of the 7 county?level cities(districts)were all above 93 points. Four county?level cities(districts)(Xinbei District,Wujin District,Liyang City,and Jintan City)carried out the active case detections. A total of 731 cases were detected and the results were all negative. Liyang City in 2012,Zhonglou District and Jin?tan City in 2013,Tianning District,Qishuyan District,Xinbei District and Wujin District in 2014,passed the malaria elimina?tion assessment at county(district)level,respectively. Conclusions All the 7 county?level cities(districts)of Changzhou City have passed the malaria elimination assessment at a high score. After the malaria elimination ,the monitoring should contin?ue to consolidate the achievements.
4.Size changes of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium malariae in thin pe-ripheral blood smears
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2016;28(5):586-588
Objective To explore the size changes of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium malariae,so as to improve the basic?level experimenters’microscopy capabilities for P. malariae identification in thin blood smears. Methods The micro?scopic features of erythrocytes infected with P. malariae in thin peripheral blood smears were observed,and a microscope image processing software was used to measure and analyze the diameter changes of the erythrocytes infected with P. malariae. Re?sults The diameter of erythrocytes infected with P. malariae decreased significantly compared with that of the normal erythro?cytes. The three parameters in this study:the diameter of erythrocytes,the value of diameter variation,and the ratio of diameter variation varied at different developmental stages of P. malariae,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). The variances of the three parameters grouped by different cases or different developmental stages in different cases were ana?lyzed,all showing statistically significant differences(all P<0.01). Conclusion All the developmental stages of P. malariae will cause the decrease of the diameters of infected erythrocytes in peripheral blood smears,but the influence on the diameter of erythrocytes,value of diameter variation,and ratio of diameter variation varies at different developmental stages in different cases.
5.Acarophenax tribalii found in stored grains
Ning TAO ; Yuxia ZHU ; Chaopin LI
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2016;28(5):584-585
Objective To observe and understand the morphology and structure of Acarophenax tribalii in order to create a new record of this mite in China. Methods The stored grain samples(rice and brown rice)were collected from the storage of lo?cal dwellers,and mites breeding in the products were isolated. Then mite samples were prepared and identified as the previous protocols,and the species was classified in accordance with Hughes. Results A. tribalii was detected in the grain samples. The light microscopic examination exhibited ovally shaped idiosoma of this species,and the abdomen of the male was more inflated than that of the female. By general view,the propodosomatal plate appeared triangle?like,and its anterior margin was covered by the gnathosoma. Leg I consisted of four segments,and its tibia and tarsus healing were fused into a stubby tibiotarsus. A tarsulus occurred at the end of legⅡ,ⅢandⅣ,with a claw born at each leg. Conclusion The morphology and structure of A. tribalii are characterized. This may lay a basis for following study on this species.
6.Prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis in students in Qinghai Province
Jingni ZHANG ; Xiumin HAN ; Wen LEI ; Yongshun WANG ; Wei WANG
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2016;28(5):578-580
Objective To understand the situation of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis in students in Qin?ghai Province,so as to provide an evidence for effective prevention and control of echinococcosis. Methods The students of Grade Four or above were randomly selected with the multi?stage stratified cluster sampling method and investigated with the questionnaire about echinococcosis in Qinghai Province. Results Totally 23 600 students were selected and surveyed,with the pass rate of 66.0%(15 566 cases). The pass rates of the male and female students were 65.1%(7 947 cases)and 66.9%(7 619 cases)respectively,and the difference was significant(χ2=8.454,P<0.01). The difference of pass rates among different dis?tricts of Qinghai Province was statistically significant(χ2=3 848.619,P<0.01). Conclusion The general aware rate of echino?coccosis knowledge in students is not high in Qinghai Province,and therefore,it is necessary to enhance the health education, especially for students in pasturing areas.
7.Analysis of surveillance results of schistosomiasis in Hexi reservoir area from 2012 to 2015
Jiasheng QIN ; Liuhong ZHANG ; Fengming XU ; Hongmei LU ; Xiaokang WANG ; Weimin CAO ; Yajuan JIANG
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2016;28(5):572-574
Objective To understand the changes of schistosomiasis epidemic situation,so as to provide the evidence for for?mulating schistosomiasis control strategy in the Hexi reservoir area. Methods From 2012 to 2015,Xinyuan Village,Meishan Town in the north entrance of Hexi reservoir was selected as a monitoring site. According to the requirements of the monitoring program of schistosomiasis surveillance in Zhejiang Province,the Schistosoma japonicum infection was investigated by using the serological screening(IHA),and the basic situation of the surveillance site was also investigated. Results From 2012 to 2015,167 environments(21.68 hm2)were surveyed,and 2 slices(0.1 hm2)were found with Oncomelania hupensis snails. The detection rate of frames with snails was 0.12%,and the living snail density was 0.0192 snails per 0.1 m2. Totally 374 snails were dissected and no schistosome infected snails were found. A total of 970 local residents and 8 748 mobile people were investigated with the serological tests,and no schistosome infected people were found. In addition,3 085 cattle were investigated and no in?fected ones were found. Conclusion The schistosomiasis epidemic situation is stable in the Hexi reservoir area,but we still should strengthen the monitoring of imported source of infection and snail status,and increase the efforts of environmental trans?formation.
8.Malaria epidemiological analysis in Tengchong City from 2010 to 2015
Jiazhi WANG ; Shengguo LI ; Xishang LI ; Zongyan TANG
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2016;28(5):566-568
Objective To analyze the malaria epidemiological characteristics in Tengchong City from 2010 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for adjusting and formulating measures in the elimination stage. Methods The malaria data were collected and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2010 in Tengchong City from 2010 to 2015. Results There were 1 408 malaria cases re?ported in Tengchong City from 2010 to 2015,including 1 091 cases of Plasmodium vivax infection,256 cases of P. falciparum infection,5 cases of P. malariae infection,1 case of P. ovale infection,1 case of mixed infections,and 54 unclassified cases. Totally 1 390 imported cases were recorded and 98.06%of them(1 363/1 390)were imported from Myanmar. Most of the pa?tients(n=908)were aged from 21 to 40 years,and the male to female ratio was 11.03∶1. The highest?risk populations were farmers and migrant workers. The most cases were observed in April and June,and at that time,most of the floating workers re?turned. Conclusion Imported malaria is severe in Tengchong City,and there is a great challenge to malaria elimination.
9.Epidemic situation of malaria and progress of malaria elimination in Nan-tong City from 2008 to 2014
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2016;28(5):563-565
Objective To analyze the epidemic status and progress of malaria elimination in Nantong City,so as to provide evidences for adjusting the control measures and guiding the work of malaria elimination. Methods The data about the epidem?ic situation of malaria and malaria elimination in Nantong City from 2008 to 2014 were collected and analyzed by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Results From 2008 to 2014,a total of 305 malaria cases were reported in Nantong City,with an an?nual average incidence of 0.57/100 000. Among all the cases,26(8.52%)were local tertian malaria cases and 279(91.48%) were imported cases;276 cases(90.49%)were male and most of them were young adults,and those aged in 20-59 accounted for 91.48%(279/305). There were cases reported in each month,with no obvious seasonality. The imported cases were mainly distributed in Hai’an County(80 cases),Haimen City(71 cases)and Tongzhou District(41 cases),and the total percentage of them was 68.82%among all the imported malaria cases in Nantong City. There were no local malaria cases reported in Nan?tong City since 2011. Qidong City,Rudong County,Chongchuan District,Development Zone and Gangzha District have reached the criteria of malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province. Conclusions From 2008 to 2014,the malaria cases in Nantong City are mainly imported cases,the number of local cases has decreased significantly,and there has been no local infected cas?es reported in the continuous 4 years of 2011-2014. Totally 5 counties(cities,districts)among the 9 have reached the criteria of malaria elimination in Jiangsu City. In the future,the control of imported malaria should still be strengthened,and the work of malaria elimination should still be promoted.
10.Preliminary study on infection status and gene types of Cryptosporidium among HIV/AIDS patients in Guangxi
Zunfu WANG ; Zhihua JIANG ; Bingxue YU ; Dongsheng ZHOU ; Yuan LIN ; Wenqian TANG
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2016;28(5):550-553
Objective To understand the infection status and gene types of Cryptosporidium among HIV/AIDS patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Methods The fecal samples were collected from 285 HIV/AIDS cases in Nanning,Gui?lin,Qinzhou,Baise,Hechi cities of Guangxi and 150 HIV negative persons in Nanning City. The modified acid?fast staining and nested?PCR based on 18S rRNA were employed to detect the infection status of Cryptosporidium. The nested PCR products were sequenced,and the homology searches and identification for the gene types of Cryptosporidium were done by DNAStar soft?ware. Results The infection rate of Cryptosporidium in HIV/AIDS patients was 0.70%(2/285),and the rate of those with chronic diarrhea was 6.67%(2/30),the latter was significantly higher than that of the HIV negative persons(0,0/150)(P=0.002). Both the two HIV/AIDS patients infected with Cryptosporidium were from Guilin City. By molecular identification,the Cryptosporidium strains which the above 2 patients were infected with were Cryptosporidium andersoni and Cryptosporidium hominis respectively. Conclusions Cryptosporidium co?infection can be found in HIV/AIDS patients in Guangxi. The geno?types of the infection strains include Cryptosporidium andersoni and Cryptosporidium hominis.