Objective To investigate the change of the intestinal permeability,the expression level of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) mRNA and the relationship between them after total body irradiation (TBI),and explore the effect of TBI on the development of intestinal permeability and the expression level of ITF mRNA.Methods Twenty two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: 3 groups at 4,8 and 12 d after TBI with the total dose of 8.0 Gy and the dose rate of 1.0 Gy/min respectively,and a control group.Lactulose (L) and mannitol (M) were perfused into the esophagus before the experiment and urine samples were collected.Liquid chromatography was used to measure the L/M excretion ratio in the urine samples collected 4,8,and 12 days after the TBI.And then the mice were killed with their intestine were taken out.The expression of ITF mRNA in the jejunum tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results The urine L/M ratio levels of the groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.5092 ± 0.0352),(0.7174 ± 0.0116),and (0.7295 ± 0.0533) respectively,all significantly higher than that of the control group [(0.2908 ± 0.0533),F = 321.47,P ＜ 0.05].The ITF mRNA expression levels of groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.78612 ±0.1428),(0.2521 ±0.1223),and (0.2306 + 0.0221 ) respectively,all significantly lower than that of the control group [( 1.3498 + 0.0476),F = 235.71 ,P ＜ 0.05].The urine L/M ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of ITF mRNA in all TBI groups (r = - 0.985,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The intestinal permeability increases and the expression level of ITF mRNA decreases after TBI.The urine L/M ratio is negatively correlated with the expression level of ITF mRNA after TBI.ITF is involved in protection against intestinal permeability induced by TBI.

Objective To explore the advantages of the bedside DR,taking the quality analysis of the chest image taken from the bedside digital radiography systems (DR) and computed radiography system (CR).Method All of the 900 pieces chest image taken by bedside DR,compared with the 900 pieces CR image randomly chosen.Results Bedside DR could further reduce the rate of the remake and the radiation dose,and provided more excellent image information.Conclusion The chest image taken by bedside DR has obviously advantage than CR.It can play a positive role in the diagnosis and treatment of the critical patient and surgical patient.

Objective To study the difference of image quality and radiation dose between different exposure modes with full-field digital mammography (FFDM).Methods The Fluke18-220mammographic phantom was exposed by FFDM system with different exposure modes at automatic exposure control ( AEC ) ,including contrast mode,standard mode and dose mode,and the exposure factors and radiation dose were recorded.The images on monitor with the best window width and window level were read by four independent radiologists.The images of specks groups,nylon fibers and masses was assessed by the four experienced readers at the criterion of American College of Radiology.Results The detection of specks groups,nylon fibers and masses were statistically different at the contrast mode and standard mode (F =41.321,P ＜ 0.05),further at the contrast mode and dose mode.The detection of specks groups、nylon fibers and masses were not statistically different( P ＞ 0.05 ) at standard mode and dose mode,but the radiation doses were different.The ESD at standard mode and dose mode was 4.5 and 3.15 mGy,respectively.The AGD of standard mode and dose mode was 1.18 mGy and 0.78 mGy,respectively.Conclusions The standard mode and dose mode of FFDM might be fit for most patients,especially at the dose mode.Contrast mode of FFDM should be strictly controled in use.

Objective To investigate the value of CARE Dose 4D technique in decreasing radiation dose and improving image quality of multi-slice spiral CT in adult chest scanning.Methods 100patients of chest CT scanning were equally divided into study group and control group randomly.CARE Dose 4D Technique was used in study group.Effective mAs value,volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were displayed automatically in machine while chest scanning; those values and actual mAs value of every image were recorded respectively.The image quality at apex of lung,lower edge of aorta arch,middle area of left atrium and base of lung on every image of 400 images was judged and classified as three level (excellent,good,poor) by two deputy chief physicians with double blind method,the image noise at corresponding parts was measured.Results While setting 80 mAs for quality reference mAs,the effective mAs value in study group most decreased 44 mAs than control group with an average decrease of 9.60( 12.0% ) ,CTDIvol with 4.75 mGy with an average decrease of 0.95 mC y( 11.0% ) ,DLP 99.50% in study group,with 98.0% in control group.But it was higher at apex of lung and base of lung,lower at middle area of left atrium,and similar at lower edge of aorta arch in study group than contrast group.The image noise were lower at apex of lung and base of lung in study group than control group (t =6.299 and 2.332,all P ＜ 0.05 ) ,higher at middle area of left atrium in study group than control group (t=3.078,P ＜0.05) and similar at lower edge of aorta arch in study group than control group (t =1.191,P ＞0.05).Conclusions CARE Dose 4D technique provides a function regulated mAs real-time on line,it not only raises utilization rate of radiation and decreases radiation dose,but also promises and increases image quality in chest CT scanning,and has some clinical significance.

Objective To evaluate the radiation dose and image quality of MinDose techniques in dual-source CT coronary artery angiography.Methods 120 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac CT scans were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Group A1 with the tube current reduced to 20% of the normal tube current outside the pulsing window,and Group A2 with the tube current reduced to 4% of the normal tube current outside the pulsing window (MinDose).The image quality,noise,volume CT dose index (CTDIvol),and effective dose (E) of these two groups were evaluated.Results The mean score of imaging quality of Group A1 was (4.3 ± 0.3 ),not significantly different from that of Group A2 [(4.5 ±0.4),t=0.16,P＞0.05].The value of CTDIvol of Group A1 was (40.2 ±9.6) mGy,significantly higher than that of Group A2 [( 36.4 ± 9.1 ) mGy,t = 3.2,P ＜ 0.05].The E value of Group A1 was (9.1± 2.2) mSv ,significantly higher than that of A2 [( 8.1 ± 1.9) mSv,t = 2.7,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Application of the MinDose technique not only reduces the radiation dose to the patient,but also meets the requirement of diagnosis.

Objective To collect and analyze the radiation dose to patients in cardiovascular interventional procedures and the radiation dose-related indicators,in order to provide a basis for improving radiation protection of patients.MethodsThe clinical data of 26 cases of complete cardiovascular interventional procedures was collected in the municipal Grade A Class Three hospitals,including coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA),and the patient-received radiation doses and other related factors was studied.TLD personal dosimeter radiation field matrix method was used to measure fluorescence time,the entrance skin dose (ESD),the peak skin dose (PSD),dosearea product (DAP) and other indicators.TLD was used to measure the organ dose of the phantom under the cardiovascular interventional procedure condition.ResultsThe fluoroscopy time was (17.7 ±15.6) min during the range of 0.80-42.4 min.The average entrance skin dose (ESD) was (159 ± 138)mGy during the range of 4.40-459 mGy.The peak skin dose (PSD) was (769 ± 705) mGy during the range of 22.6 - 2.43 × 103mGy.The fluorescence time,entrance skin dose (ESD) ,peak skin dose (PSD) of the group CA + PTCA are greater than the group CA and the difference has statistical significan.The peak skin dose and the fluoroscopy time have good linear correlation (r = 0.84,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The peak skin dose the patient received in cardiovascular interventional radiological operation can be estimated through the fluoroscopy time.

Objective To investigate whether or not adaptive response of the 2BS and A549 cells induced by low dose irradiation.Moreover,to analyze the relationship between the adaptive response and cells cycle regulation. Methods 1.The dose-survival curves of A549 and 2BS cells were figured by colony formation and typan blue cell staining.2.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle after the different doses irradiation. Results 1. The adaptive response induced in 2BS cells by low dose,while it was not induced in A549 cells.2.G2 phase arrest of 2BS cells after 75mGy X-ray plus 4Gy 60Co γ-ray irradiation appeared in 30 minutes,and cell cycle recovered in 24 hours. Conclusion The adaptive response of 2BS cell could be induced by low dose irradiation,and there was close relationship between the adaptive responses and the regulation of cell cycle.

Objective To investigate the effects of low doses 147Pm internal irradiation against hereditary mutation in mouse cells induced by subsequent high dose of 147Pm irradiation. Methods The frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mn-PCE) micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (mn-NCE) and chromosome aberration in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells were observed. Results The frequencies of nm-PCE、mn-NCE and chromosome aberration induced by high dose of 147Pm irradiation showed a highly significant increase over the control at 24 h after irradiation (P＜0.05 or 0.01).However, the frequencies in cells pre-exposed to 0.37-37 Bq/g of 147Pm were decreased significantly (P＜0.05 or 0.01),as compared with those of the group without pre-exposure. Conclusion Low doses of in vivo 147Pm β-irradiation can induce a radioadaptive response of the lymphocytes and erythroblasts.The induction of the adaptive response has a wide dose range.The mn-PCE and mn-NCE are more sensitive indexes for revealing biological effects of radiation as compared with the chromosome aberration.

Objective To study the effect of sanguinarine on the growth and radiosensitivity of ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells.Methods Cell growth was determined by MTT and clonogenic assay.Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry assay.The cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/PI assay.Results Sanguinarine inhibited SK-OV-3 cell growth in a dose-and time-dependent fashion and its IC50 values were 3.02 and 1.11 μmol/L at 24 and 48 h,respectively. Sanguinarine also significantly triggered a sub-G1 peak,an indicator of apoptosis,and caused a G0/G1 arrest.Furthermore,the cell apoptosis induced by X-irradiation was significantly increased at 6 Gy when the cells were pre-treated with sanguinarine,in which the early apoptotic population increased from 10.28％ to 43.28％ (t =19.41,P ＜0.01 ) and the late apoptotic population increased from 20.26％ to 30.80％ ( t =8.78,P ＜ 0.01 ).The multi-target click model was used to fit survival curves and the SER of sanguinarine treatment approached to 1.625 at the dose of D0. Conclusions Sanguinarine could inhibit SK-OV-3 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and enhance cell radiosensitivity at low doses.

Objective To investigate the radiosensitization effect of the simultaneous silence of bcl-2 and XIAP on human head and neck cancer cell line in vitro.Methods Four groups of UMSCC12 cells were transfected with siRNA-bcl-2,siRNA-XIAP,siRNA-bcl-2 plus siRNA XIAP,and siRNA control,respectively.The silence efficiency was tested by Western blot assay. Apoptosis was evaluated with the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9,and radiosensitization effect was evaluated with clonogenic assay.Results Bcl-2 and XIAP protein expressions were effectively eliminated in the cells simultaneously transfected with siRNA-bcl-2 and siRNA-XIAP.Transfection of cells with bcl-2 siRNA increased radiationinduced apoptosis ( t =5.32,6.27 ; P ＜ 0.05 ),but transfection with XIAP siRNA did not impact cell apoptosis.Since the simultaneous transfection of the above two siRNAs,the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased by 1.36 and 1.34 times ( t =11.47,6.22 ; P ＜ 0.05 ) in nonirradiated cells and increased by 1.72 and 1.98 times ( t =12.02,20.14; P ＜ 0.05 ) in irradiated cells,respectively.The colonic assay showed that the SERs were 1.06,1.15 and 1.41 for the cells transfected with XIAP siRNA,bcl-2 siRNA and both siRNAs,respectively.Conclusions Compared to single silence of XIAP or bcl-2,simultaneous silence of XIAP and bcl-2 offers a potential approach to improving the radiosensitivity of the head and neck cancer cells,and apoptosis might contribute to the enhancement of radiosensitization.