UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE; To evaluate a technique with retained copper needles for the treatment of venous malformations.

METHODSWith 78 venous malformation cases, there were three methods were applied for the treatment respectively, including copper needles in the lesion only, vascular ligation with the copper needles in the lesion, and electrical puncture with the copper needles in the lesion.

RESULTSThere were totally 96% effective rate achieved in this clinical data.

CONCLUSIONSThe retained copper needles technique may be a simple and effective method for the treatment of venous, malformations resulting in vessel denaturation, fibrosis and disappearance of structure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Vascular Malformations ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different methods of treating for the cavernous hemangioma and peripheral vascular disorders with copper needles.

METHODS21 cases were treated with copper needle retention only, 57 cases were treated with copper needle retention combined with a direct current of 6 - 9 V, both the inserted needles were kept in the site until the reaction was over, for about 10 to 20 days, 27 cases were treated with copper needle insertion combined with a direct current, and then the affection was ablated immediately.

RESULTSThe early effective rate, the long-term effective rate, and the recurrence rate of the total cases were 94.3% , 88.6% and 28.6% respectively. Among the 3 groups, ablation of the affection after the use of copper needles and a direct current occupied the best results; copper needle retention combined with a direct current had a better result than copper needle retention only, and might shorten the time for therapy for about 42.6% (P < 0.01); their long-term effective rate were 100%, 89.5% and 71.4% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe treatment for the cavernous hemangioma and peripheral vascular disorders with copper needles have a commendable result, copper needle retention combined with a direct current has a better result than copper needle retention only.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Copper ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Female ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo inquire into the reason why the postoperative complications of augmentation mammaplasty by injecting polyacrylamide hydrogel took place and to find the best method to deal with the complications.

METHODS12 patients who accepted polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty were included in this study. Operations were performed to remove the polyacrylamide hydrogel.

RESULTSAll patients didn't argue with the result, but the outside shape of mamma was not good post-operation.

CONCLUSIONSSo-called standard injection method can't avoid the postoperative complications. The considerable therapy for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel was removing it by operation.

Acrylic Resins ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Breast Implants ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate a breast augmentation technique for correction of minor and moderate breast ptosis with an anatomic implant.

METHODSFifteen patients of macromastia with minor and moderate breast ptosis were treated by using a breast augmentation with the anatomic implant under the breast gland. The results were judged with the the patient's satisfaction.

RESULTSAll of the patient achieved big improvement of the breast ptosis with very satisfactory results.

CONCLUSIONSThe minor and moderate breast ptosis could be achieved by using breast augmentation with an anatomic implant.

Adult ; Breast Diseases ; surgery ; Breast Implantation ; methods ; Breast Implants ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo study the influences on mandibular development after removing the outer cortex of mandibular body in childhood minitype pig.

METHODSSix childhood minitype pigs were selected as the experimental animals. The outer cortex of mandibular body measured as 3.0 cm x 1.5 cm was removed in one side, and the other side remained intact as the control. The changes of mandibular modality and occlusion relationship as well as the histological and biomechanical changes were studied 24 weeks after operation.

RESULTSThere was no obvious difference compared with the control side in the height of the mandibular ramus and the length of the mandibular body, However, lateral deviation occlusion was found in some animals. The body thickness was thinner than that of the control side, there were no obvious biomechanical and histological differences between the two sides.

CONCLUSIONSThere was less influence on the growth of mandibular bone after removing one side of the outer cortex of the mandibular body in childhood minitype pig. But further study should be done for the cause of the lateral deviation of the mandible in part of the animals.

Animals ; Female ; Male ; Mandible ; growth & development ; surgery ; Mandibular Condyle ; surgery ; Osteotomy ; adverse effects ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVETo explore the possibility of using distraction osteogenesis to repair skull defect.

METHODS17 goats with one year age were chosen randomly. The animals were divided to 3 groups. Group A includes 7 goats, a 3.0 cm x 2.2 cm rectangle skull defect is created on both sides of parietal area. Group B includes 5 goats, a 2.2 cm x 2.2 cm square skull defect was created on right side of parietal area. Group C includes 5 goats, a 3 cm x 1 cm rectangle skull defect was created on both sides of parietal area. Accordingly, different size of transport discs were created on right side of skull and the distraction apparatus is implanted. 3-D CT was done to measure the skull defect on group A. Biomechanical test was done on group B. Process of bone formation illustrated by histological stain, scan and transparent electric microscope was observed on group C.

RESULTSGroup A measured by 3-D CT showed that skull defect of experimental side have been repaired by distraction osteogenesis. There was definitely difference between experimental and control side (P < 0.01). Group B measured by biomechanical test showed no definitely difference between experimental and normal side (maximum load P = 0.235 > 0.05, rigidity P = 0.213 > 0.05). Group C showed that the process of bone formation was typical intramembranous.

CONCLUSIONSThe evidence showed that skull defect of goat can be repaired by distraction osteogenesis.

Animals ; Goats ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Skull ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo introduce our experience in diagnosis and treatment of 33 patients with Tessier craniofacial clefts.

METHODS33 patients with craniofacial clefts were classified by Tessier classification. According to the type and severity of the clefts, various techniques, from simple local flap transfer to complicated osteotomy and bone grafting were used to correct the deformity in 29 patients.

RESULTSAll patients who underwent corrective operation were satisfied with the result, and there were no complications.

CONCLUSIONS(1) Tessier classification is very important for plastic surgeon to find potential craniofacial deformities related to main signs. (2) No. 7 cleft is one of most common Tessier craniofacial clefts. (3) Each Tessier cleft is unique, therefore, the treatment plans cannot be standardized. Specific corrective operation must be performed on each patient according to the type and severity of the cleft, including simple local flap transfer to complicated osteotomy and bone grafting or distraction osteogenesis.

Craniofacial Abnormalities ; classification ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo compare the postoperative outcome among different types of platysma myocutaneous flaps by reviewing 54 cases.

METHODSFrom 1984 to 2004, 54 patients with oral cancer underwent immediate reconstruction of intraoral defects using the platysma myocutaneous flaps. In 54 cases, 12 cases were transversal platysma myocutaneous flaps and the other 42 cases were vertical platysma myocutaneous flaps. In these 42 cases, 26 cases preserved facial artery and vein yet 16 cases didn't preserve them. The survival condition of these flaps were compared.

RESULTSIn the 12 cases of transversal platysma myocutaneous flaps, 10 cases survived totally and 2 cases had partial necrosis. In the 26 cases of vertical platysma myocutaneous flaps preserved facial artery and vein, 23 cases survived completely and 3 cases had partial necrosis. However, in the 16 cases of vertical platysma myocutaneous flaps in that facial artery and veins were not preserved, 10 cases survived completely, whereas 4 cases had partial necrosis and 2 cases had complete necrosis.

CONCLUSIONSThe survival rates of platysma myocutaneous flaps that didn't preserve facial artery and vein were low. Its clinical use should be prudent.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; surgery ; Mouth Neoplasms ; surgery ; Neck Muscles ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical application characteristics of sural neurocutaneous island flaps.

METHODSSural neurocutaneous island flaps were used to repair the skin defect accompanied bone and tendon exposure in the lower leg, around the ankle and foot in 21 cases, including 4 cases to repair the foreside of the foot back . Direct flap was used in 5 cases and reverse flap in 16 cases. Meanwhile the coverage and formation of sural nerve were surveyed together with the starting point of peroneal perforator.

RESULTSAll the 21 sural flaps were survived, including sural nerve (18 cases) anastomose 12 cases, single trunk 4 cases, double trunk 2 cases. The anastomose site of medial sural cutaneous nerve and the communicating branch of lateral sural cutaneous nerve was at the point of 11 - 14 cm above the ankle in 12 cases. The lower was the anastomose site, the shorter was the sural nerve. The site is 4 - 7 cm above the ankle in 15 out of 18 sural nerve perforator branch cases, and the other 3 cases is 10, 11, 11.5 cm above the ankle respectively.

CONCLUSIONSSural neurocutaneous island flaps are easy to separate. Major arteries are not injured. It is the ideal flap to repair the skin defect accompanied by bone and tendon exposure in lower leg, around ankle and foot. The nerve must be anastomosed when repairing the heel.

Adult ; Aged ; Arteries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Sural Nerve ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; innervation ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the anatomy of lateral crural skin flap nourished by cutaneous branches of peroneal artery and its clinical application as vascularized skin flap transfer.

METHODSIn 20 cadavers specimen with 40 lower limbs, the cutaneous branches of the peroneal artery were dissected and their measurements were recorded. In the other 30 adult legs, their perforating points of the cutaneous arteries of peroneal artery were detected with supersonic Doppler flow meter. With the aid of anatomic and supersonic Doppler flow meter study, vascularized transfer of lateral crural skin flap pedicled by cutaneous branches of peroneal artery were successfully performed in 21 clinical cases.

RESULTSIn altogether 40 legs studied, 140 cutaneous branches were found. One to seven branches were found on one specimen, the average was 3.5 branches, in one leg was a high perforating skin branch. The perforating points of the cutaneous branches were mostly (76% cases) appeared within 7 - 21 cm length below the protruding point of head of fibula. The external diameter of the thickest cutaneous branch of each leg was (1 .4 - 2.9) mm, (1.8 +/- 0.4) mm, while the external diameters of two vena concomitants were (3.0 +/- 0.5) mm and (2.4 +/- 0.4) mm. 145 artery perforating points in 30 legs were detected by Doppler, with an average points of 4.8. The skin flaps taken in the 21 clinical cases were 5.0 cm x 3.5 cm - 28 cm x 11 cm in size. All the transferred free flaps survived uneventfully.

CONCLUSIONSThe lateral crural skin flap is nourished by a variable number of cutaneous branches of peroneal artery. The main branch can meet the demand of microvascular anastomosis. The free transfer of lateral crural flap by anastomosis of cutaneous branch of peroneal artery is superior to lateral skin flap transfer by anastomosis of main trunk of peroneal artery with the merit of simple procedure, minimal trauma and more physiological circulation established.

Adult ; Aged ; Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Humans ; Leg ; blood supply ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Young Adult