Humans ; Sarcoma ; diagnosis ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Humans ; Joint Diseases ; Ulna

Carcinoid Tumor ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Pharynx

OBJECTIVETo evaluate different methods to explose recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) based on the location of thyroid diseses and anatomic path of the RLN, to avoid the RLN damage in thyroid surgery.

METHODSA total of 755 cases underwent total lobectomy was studied retrospectively. RLN was explosed in each case.

RESULTSA total of 963 RLN was exposed in 755 cases, among those 658 RLN were exposed by lateral approach, 106 by inferior approach, and 199 by superior approach. It was showed that 694 RLN traveled deep to the inferior throid artery and 119 superficial to the artery, 98 through between two branches of the artery, and 62 with the cross of the nerve branches and the artery branches. Before entering larynx, 578 RLN gave off branches and 385 had no branches. Non-recurrent laryngeal nerves were found in 2 cases. There were 6 cases who presented with hoarseness after thyroidectomy and undergoing reexploration, among them RLN were legated in 4 cases and severed in 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONSThe anatomic relation of RLN is relatively complicated. Lateral, inferior or superior aproach may be used for exposure of RLN to decrease risks of injury to the nerve.

Arteries ; Hoarseness ; Larynx ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; surgery ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the main allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Zhengzhou district.

METHODSTwenty standardization allergens were used to perform skin prick test in 1 139 patients with allergic rhinitis. The samples were divided into four groups according to the age of the patients. The distributions of different allergens in the four groups were analyzed.

RESULTSThe top five inhaled allergens were dermatophagoides farina (920 cases, 80.8%), dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (870 cases, 76.4%), cat hair (517 cases, 45.4%), herbs (397 cases, 34.9%) and poaceae (353 cases, 31.0%); the top five ingestive ones were shrimp (143 cases, 12.6%), peanut (66 cases, 5.8%), egg (56 cases, 4.9%), carp (51 cases, 4.5%) and meat (48 cases, 4.2%). The distribution of allergens was different among the different age groups.

CONCLUSIONDust mites, cat hair, herbs and poaceae were the most common allergens in Zhengzhou district.

Allergens ; Animals ; Cats ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Hair ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Pyroglyphidae ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; epidemiology ; Skin Tests

OBJECTIVERetrospectively analyzed the influences of preoperative acoustic immittance pressure balance tests and intraoperative wet ear findings in myringoplasty surgery results.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty-one chronic suppurative otitis media patients underwent myringoplasty surgeries were included and divided into functional group and non-functional group according to preoperative acoustic immittance pressure balance tests. Meanwhile, cases were divided into dry ear group and wet ear group according to intraoperative findings. Postoperative hearing improvement and perforation rate were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSFunctional group had 72 cases, including 58 dry ears and 14 wet ears. Non-functional group had 46 cases, including 19 dry ears and 27 wet ears. Postoperative hearing improvement rate in functional group was 85.5% (59/69), and 72.1% (31/43) in non-functional group (χ(2) = 2.230, P = 0.093). Perforation rate in functional group was 16.7% (12/72), significant higher when compared with 2.2% (1/46) in non-functional group (χ(2) = 4.626, P = 0.015). Postoperative hearing improvement rate in dry ear group was 85.3% (64/75), and 71.8% (28/39) in wet ear group (χ(2) = 2.213, P = 0.085) . Perforation rate in dry ear group was 12.8% (10/78), and 7.0% (3/43) in wet ear group (χ(2) = 0.472, P = 0.377).

CONCLUSIONSNon-functional result of preoperative acoustic immittance pressure balance test had significant relationship with the intraoperative wet ear findings. It may result in lower postoperative hearing level, and lower perforation rate. Large sample studies should be carried out in future.

Chronic Disease ; Ear ; Hearing ; Humans ; Myringoplasty ; methods ; Otitis Media, Suppurative ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVEThis study established a model of acoustically evoked short latency negative response (ASNR) in guinea pigs. Stereotaxic coordinate guided electrolytic lesion was applied to animal brainstem nuclei, the vestibular nucleus and the cochlear nucleus, to define the neural origin of ASNR.

METHODSTwenty four guinea pigs with normal hearing were randomly divided into the control group (8 subjects, 16 ears) and the deafened group (16 subjects, 32 ears). Each animal experienced the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test. According to the presence of ASNR, the deafened group was further divided into ASNR group and non-ASNR group. Electrolytic lesion was conducted to the vestibular nucleus and cochlear nucleus respectively, followed by ABR test. The lesion structures were verified by brainstem slice and microscope.

RESULTSIn deafened group, the ASNR was elicited in 10 ears (31.3%). The ASNR was eliminated due to the electrolytic destruction to the vestibular nucleus, but it remained unchanged after the same procedure to the cochlear nucleus.

CONCLUSIONIt is clear that the ASNR is originated from the vestibular nucleus, but not the cochlear nucleus.

Acoustics ; Animals ; Cochlear Nucleus ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Guinea Pigs ; Reaction Time ; Saccule and Utricle ; Vestibular Nuclei

OBJECTIVETo explore investigate the feasibility of transoral removal of macrosis benign neoplasms in parapharyngeal space.

METHODSSixteen patients with well-defined macrosis benign parapharyngeal space tumors treated by surgery from January 2005 to December 2012 were enrolled in this study. All patients were assessed by CT scan, MRI and CT angiography before surgery. Surgery for the tumors with complete peplos, locating at medial side of carotid and accessible from the oropharynx was completed with the assistance of endoscope, bipolar electrocoagulation or radiofrequency ablation system.

RESULTSAll neoplasms were removed by transoral approach. Tracheotomy was performed in 4 cases. All patients were treated successfully with good postoperative recovery and no significant complications. Postoperative pathological examination showed there were 9 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 5 cases of neurilemmoma and 2 cases of neurofibroma. By the follows-up of 1-8 years (median 31 months), among 16 cases only one case of neurofibroma recurred.

CONCLUSIONThe transoral removal of macrosis benign neoplasms in parapharyngeal space is safe, manimally invasive and feasible in selected cases, with a high local control rate and a low surgical complication rate.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Angiography ; Brain Neoplasms ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasms ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibroma ; Oropharynx ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Pharynx ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore whether there were differences between the results of automatic titration and the results of manual titration for positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and its influencing factors, the results might provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of two pressure titration methods.

METHODSSixty one patients with OSAHS were included in this study. All patients underwent a manual titration and an automatic titration within one week. The clinical informations, polysomnography data, and the results of both two titration of all patients were obtained for analysis.

RESULTSThe overall apnea/hypopnea index was (63.1 ± 17.7)/h, with a range of 14.9/h to 110.4/h. The treatment pressure of manual titration was (8.4 ± 2.1) cmH(2)O, which was significantly lower than the treatment pressure of automatic titration, (11.5 ± 2.7) cmH(2)O (t = -9.797, P < 0.001). After using a ΔP of 3 cmH(2)O for the cutoff value (ΔP was defined as the difference of automatic titration and manual titration), it was found that the pressure of automatic titration was significantly higher in patients with a ΔP > 3 cmH(2)O than in patients with a ΔP ≤ 3 cmH(2)O, which was (13.3 ± 2.3) cmH(2)O vs (10.0 ± 2.0) cmH(2)O (t = -6.159, P < 0.001). However, there were no differences for the pressure of manual titration between these two groups, which was (8.6 ± 2.4) cmH(2)O vs (8.3 ± 2.0)cmH(2)O (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, neck circumference, abdomen circumference, apnea hypopnea index, and arterial oxygen saturation between these two groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe treatment pressure of automatic titration is usually higher than that of manual titration. For patients with a high treatment pressure which is derived from automatic titration, a suggestion about manual titration could be given to decrease the potential treatment pressure of continuous positive airway pressure, which may be helpful in improving the comfortableness and the compliance of this treatment.

Body Mass Index ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; methods ; Humans ; Oximetry ; Patient Compliance ; Polysomnography ; Pressure ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo systematically evaluate the efficacy of intranasal antihistamine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

METHODSThe randomized controlled trials (RCT) about intranasal antihistamines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis between January 1985 and January 2014 were searched in OVID, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, WanFang Data and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures, extracted the data, and evaluated the methodological quality, then meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.1 software.

RESULTSA total of thirteen RCTs were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of intranasal antihistamine group was superior to the placebo group in total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), the difference was significant[WMD = -1.96, 95%CI (-2.06;-1.85), P < 0.01], and individual nasal symptom scores (blocked nose, rhinorrhea, and sneezing) [WMD = -0.18, 95%CI (-0.28;-0.08); WMD = -0.45, 95%CI (-0.52;-0.38); WMD = -0.41, 95%CI (-0.58;-0.24), all P < 0.01], with significant differences. There was no significant difference between the intranasal antihistamine group and the corticosteroid group in TNSS [WMD = -1.51, 95%CI (-3.51;0.49), P = 0.14], but the intranasal antihistamines group was superior to the corticosteroid group in individual nasal symptom scores (blocked nose, rhinorrhea, and sneezing) [WMD = -0.23, 95%CI (-0.40;-0.06); WMD = -0.35, 95%CI (-0.65;-0.05); WMD = -0.25, 95%CI (-0.42;-0.08), all P < 0.05], with significant differences. The intranasal antihistamine group was superior to the oral antihistamines group in TNSS [WMD = -0.88, 95%CI (-1.51;-0.25), P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONIntranasal antihistamine is effective in the control of nasal symptoms in AR patients.

Administration, Intranasal ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Anti-Allergic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Histamine Antagonists ; Histamine H1 Antagonists ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; Software