OBJECTIVE To study the occurrence of patients′ respiratory system infection in ICU and its incidence influenced by nursing interference. METHODS The incidence of respiratory system infection of patients who were in ICU longer than 48 hours. were analyzed the normal nursing group with 461 cases from Jan to Dec 2006 were compared with the normal nursing with interference group with 490 cases from Jan to Dec 2007. So the results of two groups were compared by statistical analysis. RESULTS Twelve from 461 cases (the incidence of 2.6%) in normal nursing group had respiration system infection,vs 6 from 490 cases incidence of 1.2% in normal nursing with interference group. With nursing interference the incidence of patients′ respiration infection decreased obviously. There was significant difference between two groups (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate distribution and drug resistance status of infections in urinary system and offer scientific basis for reasonable usage of antibiotics. METHODS Totally 258 isolates collected from urinary infection specimens were identified and drug susceptibility test was performed. RESULTS Escherichia coli rated the top one,73.3%.The isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin.The resistant rate to other 6 antibiotics were above 50%. CONCLUSIONS The drug resistance rate of isolates collected from urinary infection specimens goes upward,so we should pay attention to.

OBJECTIVE To prevent and control hospital cross-infection and hematogenous disease dissemination during oral cavity procedures.METHODS The problems that existed universally in instrument treating processes during oral cavity procedures were taken seriously.The perfect management rules and regulations were established.The instructions of technical operation were carried out strictly.We strengthened own-self occupation protection and implemented the standard prevention isolation principle.We guaranteed oral cavity synthesis method to implement,such as the instrument cleaning,disinfection,and antiseptic quality.RESULTS The hospital infection occurred in the oral cavity procedures could be reduced and avoided fundamentally through implementing infection control measure.The medical safety could be ensured.CONCLUSIONS The personnel standard diagnosing and treating operation of medical care should be established in hospital.The idea of disinfection and isolation asepsis should be enhanced.Own-self occupation protection must be required strictly.It is extremely important to control the infection during the oral cavity procedures.

OBJECTIVE To guide the reasonable application of antibiotics. METHODS The isolation and culturing of bacteria were done according to The National Clinical Laboratory Operation Rules. RESULTS The main pathogens from urine were Escherichia coli(49.5%),Enterococcus faecium and E.faecalis,from sputum were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(32.5%),E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae,from pus were E.coli,Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CNS),and from blood and prostatic fluid were CNS. CONCLUSIONS Meticillin-resistant CNS(MRCNS) strains are more often seen than meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) ones,and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus(VRS) strains are not discovered.Staphylococcus are mostly sensitive to vancomycin.E.coli and K.pneumoniae are still sensitive to the first,second,third and fourth generation cephalosporins.

OBJECTIVE To explore the issues and weakness of hospital infection management at clean operating sector . METHODS Effective preventing and controlling measures of hospital infection, sterilization, isolation , and aseptic technique recommended by WHO were utilized in order to improve investigation and management . RESULTS Quality control was formed in the practice process when sterilization and aseptic technique was performed in routine work at clean operating sector. CONCLUSIONS Hospital infection can be prevented and controlled effectively, patients′ safety coefficient can be improved, and operative infection rate can be lowered when the methods stated in this paper are performed strictly.

OBJECTIVE To prevent nosocomial infection from catheterization room and to reduce the rate of postoperative infection, and improve quality of catheterization room medical care. METHODS Air, object surfaces, the hands of medical staff, and using disinfectant in catheterization room were put to the test every month. RESULTS Totally 253 specimens were put surveillance over three years, total qualified rate was 99.6%, that of air was 98.6% and of object surfaces was 100%, for the hands of medical staff was 100%, and for using disinfectant was 100%. CONCLUSIONS Enhancing prevention nosocomial infection can effectively reduce the infection rate. Surveying the catheterization room termly is an important measure to prevent and control the nosocomial infection.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and control the risk factors about nosocomial fungal infection in cerebral apoplectic patients. METHODS To study retrospectively 3027 hospitalized patients with cerebral apoplexia in our hospital from Sep 2002 to Sep 2005. RESULTS The incidence of nosocomial fungal infection was 3.24% in all(3 027 cases).Nosocomial fungal infection occurred mainly in lower respiratory tract(67.2%) and oral cavity(21.1%),the main pathogens of nosocomial fungal infection were Candida spp(96.7%).Developments of nosocomial fungal infections were closely related with aging,time of antibiotics therapy,coma,bed-days,diabetes mellitus,difficulties in swallowing,and hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSIONS The rate of nosocomial fungal infections is higher in cerebral apoplectic patients with aging coma,long bed-days,diabetes mellitus,difficulties in swallowing,hypoalbuminemia,and receiving broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents therapy.Candida spp are the main pathogens of nosocomial fungal infections.We must take some measures to control the risk factors mentioned above and prevent nosocomial fungal infections.

OBJECTIVE To find out about the situation of lower respiratory tract nosocomial infection in old patients . METHODS To investigate 237 cases with nosocomial infection of lower respiratory tract who were over 60 years old in our hospital. RESULTS People who were over 60 accounted for 85.25% among the cases with the nosocomial infection of lower respiratory tract, their death rate was 25.74%; in the results of pathogen culturing , Gram-negative bacilli occupied the main position which accounted for 57.81%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 35.93% and fungi accounted for 21.88%, they were the two kinds of common pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The serious underlying diseases in old patients, their long hospital stays and weak immune function , large number of invasive diagnostic procedures and traumatic operation, and unreasonal use of antibiotics have made great distribution to nosocomial infection and influence to prognosis, it is necessary to take corresponding measures to settle them.

OBJECTIVE To analyze and summarize the clinical features and distribution of antibiotic susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia.METHODS We statistically analyzed the clinical data of thirty-one cases of S.maltophilia pneumonia,and determined drug susceptibility of this bacteriaum,using K-B methods.RESULTS Twenty-six out of 31(83.87%) cases were old age patients.All Patients were with underlying diseases,while 17(54.84%)cases had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease history and 15(43.39%) cases were with immunodeficiency.Out-of hospital infection and nosocomial infection were 10(32.26%) cases and 21(67.74%),respectively.The clinical symptoms were mainly cough and expectoration(100.00%),17(54.84%) cases had fever,and 24 cases(77.42%) had dyspnea.Chest X-ray showed different-degree shadow on lungs.Besides compound sulfamethoxazole,ciprofloxacin,minocycline and amikacin were susceptive(71.41-45.00%),the drug susceptibility test showed,that the microbe was resistant to lots of antibiotics(28.57-100.00%).CONCLUSIONS The risk factors of S.maltophilia pneumonia are ageing,underlying diseases and immunodeficiency.Early choosing susceptive antibiotics and drug sensitivity test would improve the prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To prevent and control infection in hospital and enhance the disposable medical article management. METHODS Special training methods were enhanced for the staff in blood purified center of our hospital to improve their ability.And relative rules and regulations were enacted to enhance the management of the disposable medical articles. RESULTS The disposable medical articles management was standardized and systematized.From Jan 2004 to Dec 2005,all the used disposable medical articles were collected by the center of blood purification in Anzhen Hospital.Effectively prevented them from dispersing to the outside and reduce the incidence of infection.The rate up to standard in the examination about the hospital infections knowledge was 100%,and the rate of correct operation was 98%. CONCLUSIONS The key points to guarantee the medical system safety and the healthy condition of the patients and medical staff include reconstruction in minds,clear responsibility,effective management and reasonable use of the disposable medical articles.