OBJECTIVE To analyze and summarize the clinical features and distribution of antibiotic susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia.METHODS We statistically analyzed the clinical data of thirty-one cases of S.maltophilia pneumonia,and determined drug susceptibility of this bacteriaum,using K-B methods.RESULTS Twenty-six out of 31(83.87%) cases were old age patients.All Patients were with underlying diseases,while 17(54.84%)cases had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease history and 15(43.39%) cases were with immunodeficiency.Out-of hospital infection and nosocomial infection were 10(32.26%) cases and 21(67.74%),respectively.The clinical symptoms were mainly cough and expectoration(100.00%),17(54.84%) cases had fever,and 24 cases(77.42%) had dyspnea.Chest X-ray showed different-degree shadow on lungs.Besides compound sulfamethoxazole,ciprofloxacin,minocycline and amikacin were susceptive(71.41-45.00%),the drug susceptibility test showed,that the microbe was resistant to lots of antibiotics(28.57-100.00%).CONCLUSIONS The risk factors of S.maltophilia pneumonia are ageing,underlying diseases and immunodeficiency.Early choosing susceptive antibiotics and drug sensitivity test would improve the prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial-resistant profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens. METHODS The isolates of S.aureus were obtained from all kinds of clinical specimens by routine methods.The identification and susceptibility test of the isolates were determined by Automated Microbiology Analyzer.Disk-diffusion was used for detecting meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). RESULTS The isolates were mainly isolated from sputa and urines.62.1% of isolates were referred as MRSA.All isolates of MRSA were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam,penicillin G and cefazolin.No isolates of MSSA were resistant to above drugs.All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin.The resistant rates of the isolates of MRSA to clindamycin,erythromycin,gentamicin,tetracycline,rifampin,sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin were 70.7%,86.6%,87.8%,82.9%,42.7%,30.5% and 91.5%,respectively,those of MSSA were 31.3%,41.7%,20.8%,20.8%,10.4%,29.2% and 6.3%. CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of MRSA is serious,but the antibiotics have high activity to the isolates of MSSA except penicillin G in vitro.Vancomycin has very high activity to the isolates of MRSA in vitro.

OBJECTIVE To apply the comprehensive interventional measures to manage the clinical application of antibacterials and provide a scientific basis for their management.METHODS Since 2004 we strengthened the propagend a about the hospital infection knowledge worked out the quantification standards about the antibacterial use rate and cost ratio,the interventional measures about the rational use of antibacterials,and made an investigation about antibacterial use rate and cost ratio before and after intervention.RESULTS It indicated the antibacterial use rates before and after intervention and among operated patients had the statistically significant differences.CONCLUSIONS The application of comprehensive interventional measures to manage clinical use of antibacterials could decrease the antibacterial use rate and increase the self-consciousness among clinicians in rational use of antibacterials.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ?-lactamases producing rate in Haemophilus influenzae(HIN) and the antibiotics sensitivity,to guide the treatment of Haemophilus species infection.METHODS The strains from respiratory tract samples,were isolated and cultivated in chocolate cultures 2006 to 2007.Drug sensitivity test and beta-lactam enzyme test of Haemophilus species were taken.The results were analyzed by software SPSS11.5.RESULTS Totally 195 isolates of HIN were isolated 32 produced ?-lactamases(16.4%).The sensitivity of H.influenzae to cefuroxime,cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbactam was 90.8%,93.8% and 95.4%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Cefotaxime,ampicillin/sulbactam and cefuroxime are the most effective antibiotics for H.influenzae infection.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk factors for nosocomial infection(NI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction.METHODS A retrospective study was carried out to investigate the clinical data of patients with acute myocardial infarction during the period from Jan 1,2004 to Dec 31,2006.RESULTS The incidence and case incidence of NI were 27.27% and 33.73%,respectively.Lower respiratory tract infection(69.50%) was the commonest,followed by urinary tract infection(12.06%) and gastrointestinal tract infection(10.64%).NI was closely related with patient′s age,duration of hospitalization,heart failure,urinary tract catheterization,longer stay in cardiac ICU and application of antimicrobial agents.CONCLUSIONS NI is high in patients with acute myocardial infarction,which should be paid attention on during the course of clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE To understand the status of sterilization in our hospital to provide the evidence for control of nosocomial infections.METHODS The quality of air sterilization,disinfectant liquid in use,the effect of autoclave sterilization,staff's hands and the object′s surface in 29 clinical departments of the hospital were monitored.RESULTS In 2006,the qualification rate of air sterilization was 70.74%.The qualification rate of disinfectant liquid and autoclave sterilization were 88.03% and 93.71%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS We should strengthen the monitoring of hospital sterilization,apply monitoring data reasonably and discover all kinds of risks for nosocomial infections in time to decrease the incidence rate of nosocomial infections.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infectious condition of urogential mycoplasma and chlamydia among STD high risk population.METHODS Urethral specimens from 932 cases of patients with NGU were collected and detected for Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) and mycoplasma.RESULTS The infectious rates of mycoplasma and chlamydia among 932 STD high-risk population were 34.3%.from then rates were in men 31.9%,and were in women were 38.1%.Among these patients,positive CT,positive UU and positive Mh were found in 77 patients(8.3%),122 patients(13.1%) and 70 patients(7.5%),respectively,And the mixed infection by Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) and Ureaplama urealyticum(Uu),Uu and Ct,Ct and Mh,Ct and Uu with Mh were 7 cases(0.8%),14 cases(1.5%),3 cases(0.3%) and 1 case(0.1%),respectively.Compared with the infectious rates(8.7%) in healthy people,there was statistically significant difference(P

OBJECTIVE To explore the genotype and distribution of humam papilloma viruses(HPV) among rural women with cervical lesion.METHODS The cervical exfoliated cell specimens were collected and divided into two groups,the experimental group with 340 rural women finally diagnosed as cervical intra-epithelial neoplasm(CIN) or higher grade pathological changes in healthy examination,and the health control group with 230 rural women randomly selected from the crowd taken healthy examination.DNA was extracted and the genotypes of HPV-DNA were monitored by traditional nested PCR,flow-through hybridization and gene chip technique.RESULTS One-hundred and ninety-five cases(57.4%) in experimental group and the 58 cases(25.2%) in control group were confirmed to be HPV-DNA positive.There was significant difference between the two groups(P

OBJECTIVE To study the constituent ratio and drug resistance of Gram-negative bacilli to draft preventive and control measures.METHODS The sputum and lower respiration secretion of 354 patients infected with Gram-negative bacilli were cultured by routine methods.Disk diffusion test was used to analyze drug resistance.RESULTS The isolating rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(25.7%) was the highest.Then was Klebsiella pneumoniae,accounted for 21.5%.Except for Haemophilus influenzae,the other Gram-negative bacilli were resistant to the routine drugs in different degrees.The detection rate of extensive-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) producers in K.pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were 38.2% and 36.7%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It is very necessary for clinical microbiology department to monitor pathogens to provide the scientific evidence for clinical usage of the antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of IL-16 in the process of airway inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmanory disease(COPD) patients.METHODS The sputum of 60 COPD elderly was collected in the period of exacerbation and alleviation.Serum level of IL-16 was tested using ELISA.RESULTS IL-16 level was higher in severe [(4240.7?296.36,1737.59?367.81)pg/ml] and moderate [(3125.87?286.35,1564.34?478.99)pg/ml] COPD patients in exacerbation and alleviation period than in mild patients(173.75?31.26,129.27?23.89)pg/ml and IL-16 level decreased after effective therapy.CONCLUSIONS IL-16 participates in the procedure of airway inflammation.Surveillence of dynamic variation of IL-16 can reflect the severity of airway inflammation,but it can not offer more diagnostic value.