1.Existing Problems and Managing Countermeasures of Disinfection and Sterilization in Hospitals
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology 2001;11(1):1-3
OBJECTIVE To probe into the managing countermeasures according to the existing problems of disinfection and sterilization(DS).METHODS The data come from National investigation of nosocomial infection(NI) organized by Department of Medical Administration,Ministry of Public Health at 18 hospitals in 6 Provinces and from survey of NI at hospitals in Beijing.RESULTS There are general problems of DS in hospitals.Such as the managers of hospital don′t pay attention to DS,the users are short of knowledge and their thoughts are outdated,selection of methods is not suitable,applying of disinfectant isn′t reasonable,articles of DS are polluted again and surveillance of DS is not standard, etc.CONCLUSIONS The work of DS is still poor and must be strengthened for preventing and controlling NI.
2.Study of Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infection in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology 2001;11(1):4-6
OBJECTIVE In order to explore and control the risk factors of nosocomial infection in intracerebral hemorrhage.METHODS To study prospectively in 837 hospitalized patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in our hospital from Jan.1997 to June 1999. RESULTS It was showed 215 cases of the nosocomial infection were found among 837 cases with the intracerebral hemorrhage(25.8%).Among them,nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection was the highest(39.1%),the second one was the urinary tract(27.8%).Nosocomial infection was closely related with such factors as the aging,location and volume of intracerebral hematoma,disturbance of consciousness, smoking,blood sugar,invasive operation,antibiotic prophylaxis,bed-days.Whereas serum cholesterol was a protective factor.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection was still a high frequent complication in intracerebral hemorrhage and it should be paid attention.This is the most important step to control nosocomial infection of intracerebral hemorrhage in the hospital.
3.Clinical Study of Nosocomial Fungemia in Critical Ill Patients
Min YU ; Kanglong YU ; Zhaofen LIN ; Bingwen JING
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology 2001;11(1):7-9
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics,prevention and treatment of nosocomial fungemia.METHODS Fifty four consecutive patients with nosocomial fungemia were studied in clinical retrospective manner.RESULTS Sixty fungal strains were isolated from blood.Candida was the predominant pathogenic organism(86.7%),6 cases had mixed infection causing by two fungal species(11.1%).Twenty two cases had concomitant bacteremia(40.7%).Overall mortality rate was 68.5%,directly related mortality rate in treatment group was significantly lower than that in nontreatment one(28.9% vs.88.9%,χ2=11.268,P<0.01).Effective rate of amphotericin B was 68.8%,fluconazole 70.8%,combined treatment 80.0%.CONCLUSIONS Fungal infection has become prominently fatal cause of critically ill patients.Removing predisposing factors,monitoring fungal pathogen and effective antifungal therapy are important measures to reduce the incidence and mortality of fungal infection.Fluconazole and amphotericin B are effective drugs of treating deep fungal infection.
4.Clinical Research on Infectious Complications after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Quanshun WANG ; Bolong ZHANG ; Fangding LOU ; Qi ZHOU ; Li YU ; Haichuan LIU ; Shanqian YAO
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology 2001;11(1):10-12
OBJECTIVE To evaluate retrospectively the incidence and treatment of infectious complications within the first 60 days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,and to find more efficient anti-infective regimens. METHODS To study the incidence,pathogenic microorganism,prophylaxis,treatments of infectious complications in 150 patients accepted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from April 1984 to March 1998 in our hospital.The results were analyzed statistically.RESULTS Incidence of infectious complications was 89.3% in all 150 cases.Three patients(2%) died of the fungal infection.The incidence of the infections was 32.5% in patients accepted treatment with imipenem or/and ceftazidine,and 15.7% in other patients without the treatment with imipenem or/and ceftazidine(P<0.02).CONCLUSIONS The strong antibacterial prophylaxis can′t reduce the incidence of infection,and may increase the chance of fungal infection.
5.Clinical Characteristics of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis(SBP) in Patients with Severe Type of Viral Hepatitis
Xingfeng REN ; Ya GE ; Guiming JIN
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology 2001;11(1):13-14
OBJECTIVE To investigate clinical characteristics of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) in patients with severe type of viral hepatitis.METHODS A retrospective review of 120 cases of SBP associated with severe type of viral hepatitis was performed.RESULTS Clinical manifestations were as follows:fever 85.0%,abdominal tenderness 51.6%. 63.3% of the total white blood cells count in the ascitic fluid under 0.5×109/L,85.0% of polymorphonuclear cell ratio above 0.50.The positive culture of the ascitic fluid 24.2%,whereas 42.9% of the isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli.CONCLUSIONS Clinical manifestations in SBP may be non-specific or absent.The total white blood cells count in the ascitic fluid are often under criteria for diagnosis.E.coli was the most common culture isolate.PMN ratio is the reliable parameter for the diagnosis of SBP.
6.Study of the Antimicrobial activity in vitro of Domestic Mezlocillin/Sulbactam and Other Three Antimicrobials
Peilan WANG ; Qingfeng LIU ; Youning LIU ; Rui WANG
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology 2001;11(1):15-17
OBJECTIVE The antimicrobial activity in vitro of mezlocillin/sulbactam(MLBT),piperacillin/tazobactam(Tazocillin,TZXL),mezlocillin(MLXL) and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid(Timentin TMT) against 179 clinical isolates was studied.METHODS MICs were determined by agar dilution method.RESULTS The antimicrobial activity in vitro of MLBT against clinical bacteria was 1-2 times higher than that of MLXL.In vitro,MLBT has higher susceptibility than MLXL against Escherichia coli which have higher rate producing β-lactamase,such as Enterobacter species,Acinetobacter species,et al.,and has higher susceptibility than TMT against Enterobacter and other G- bacillus(P<0.01).MLBT and TZXL have similar antibacterial spectrum and activity susceptible rate.MIC50 of TZXL was 1-2 times lower than that of the MLBT,but there were no siginficant differences. CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial spectrum and antimicrobial activity in vitro of MLBT were similar to that of TZXL.
7.In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Home-made Rifamycin against Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus and Other Pathogens of Clinical Isolates
Xiuzhen ZHANG ; Dongke CHEN ; Yunjian HU ; Tianzhi XUAN
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology 2001;11(1):18-20
OBJECTIVE The in vitro activity of home-made rifamycin was investigated.METHODS Minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) were determined by agar dilution method using multipoint inoculator.RESULTS The results indicated that MIC50 and MIC90 of rifamycin against MRSA and MSSA were similar to vancomycin. The values were 1 and 2 mg/L, respectively. Rifamycin against MRSE was 4 times stronger than vancomycin.The value of MIC50 was 0.5 mg/L.The MIC50 of rifamycin against S.pneumoniae,Branhamella catarrhalis,and Listeria monocytogenes were 8,128 and 4 times lower than vancomycin, respectively.CONCLUSIONS There are good antibacterial activity of home-made rifamycin against meticillin resistant Staphyloccocus and the most species of clinical isolates,so can be used the infective diseases by MRSA and MRSE.
8.Antibiotic Susceptibility of Haemophilus Species Isolated from 195 Adults
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology 2006;0(12):-
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ?-lactamases producing rate in Haemophilus influenzae(HIN) and the antibiotics sensitivity,to guide the treatment of Haemophilus species infection.METHODS The strains from respiratory tract samples,were isolated and cultivated in chocolate cultures 2006 to 2007.Drug sensitivity test and beta-lactam enzyme test of Haemophilus species were taken.The results were analyzed by software SPSS11.5.RESULTS Totally 195 isolates of HIN were isolated 32 produced ?-lactamases(16.4%).The sensitivity of H.influenzae to cefuroxime,cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbactam was 90.8%,93.8% and 95.4%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Cefotaxime,ampicillin/sulbactam and cefuroxime are the most effective antibiotics for H.influenzae infection.
9.Strategy of Prevention and Treatment to Reduce Surgical Site Infection Rate
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology 2009;0(18):-
OBJECTIVE To explore the strategy of prevention and treatment to reduce the surgical site infection rate. METHODS Reviewing relatied literature,to analyze the main reasons of surgical site infection and commonly encountered pathogens. RESULTS The pathogens of surgical site infection included 48.0% of Gram-negative bacilli,40.8% of Gram-positive cocci,and 11.2% of fungi isolates. G-bacilli were still the main bacteria,and G+ cocci were also important in hospital infection. Moreover,fungal infection turned to be the important cause of surgical site infection after operation. It was thought that surgical site infection was concerned with the individual condition of every patient,irrationally using antibiotics and lack of caution about aseptic conception. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested the susceptible reason of infection be determined,and the prevention and treatment of infection during,before and after operation be pay especially attention to Meanwhile,the knowledge about infection control must be reinforced and propaganded.
10.Nosocomial Infection in Psychiatry Department: A Clinical Investigation and Analysis
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology 1994;0(01):-
OBJECTIVE To explore the incidence of the nosocomial infection in patients with mental diseases,(analyze) the correlative factors and then reduce the incidence.(METHODS) By using the retrospective method,the(inpatient) cases in psychiatry department from Jan 2000 to Dec 2004 were surveyed and statistically analyzed.(RESULTS) There were 313 cases of nosocomial infection from 9 089 inpatients with mental diseases.The infection rate was(3.44%.) The total rate had been dropped year by year.The major sites of the infection were the(upper)(respiratory) tract(34.82%),the gastrointestinal tract(20.45%) and the urinary system(18.53%).The(infection) rate in ladies patient area(3.83%) was significantly higher than that of gentlemen patient area(3.07%)(P