In 1958 the speaker believed that background radiation might cause a fatal cancer. In 1970 he believed there was no risk from background or from the small doses received from diagnostic uses of X-rays. Since 1990 he has come to believe that for good health most people need more radiation than they receive from nature. The talk will emphasize the results of two large British radiologists who entered the field between 1955 and 1979, when compared to all other male English physicians of the same age. Had a 29% lower cancer death rate, a 36% lower death rate from non-cancer and a 32% lower death rate from all causes. The chances of such a health improvement being accidental is less than one in one thousand. The lower death rate from all causes results in more than a three year increase in longevity-the same increase in longevity that would result ff all cancer were curable. The US Government sponsored nuclear shipyard worker study shows that the 28,000 nuclear shipyard workers with the greatest radiation doses, when compared to 32,500 shipyard workers who had no on-the-job radiation, had significantly less cancer and a 24% lower death rate from all causes. That is, the nuclear workers had nearly a three-year increase in longevity.The chance of that health improvement being accidental is less than one in ten million billion. The talk will describe a double blind study to test the hypothesis that a moderate dose of ionizing radiation stimulates the immune system of senior citizens in the I.S. Gulf States where cancer mortality is 25% greater than in the mountains, which have about 300% more background radiation than the Gulf States. Radiation deficiency may be a health problem in many areas of the world.

Image guided surgery (IGS) requires an integrated environment for seamless acquisition, visualization,manipulation, display, registration and storage of complex data sets. The infrastructure to support IGS integrates image acquisition, networks, presurgical planning, surgical navigation, and archival storage elements. This paper describes the principal components of an integrated IGS environment and an implementation in a large academic medical center. The IGS infrastructure is illustrated for practical applications in neurosurgical case examples.

Objective:To compare the dosimetric differences of the planning target volume(PTV)and the organs at risk(OAR)for postoperative patients with cervical cancer on intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)and conventional 4 fields(4F)or 2 fields(2F)radiotherapy.Methods:Six postoperative patients with cervical cancer were chosen randomly.The next steps were CT scan,PTV and OAR contouring.The treatment protocols were designed into conventional 4F,2F and IMRT by TPS.Finally,the doso distribution and DVH were compared.Results:About the conformability of PTV,IMRT showed a significantly superior dose distribution over conventional 4F(P=0.015),and conventional 4F was superior to 2F(P=0.043).IMRT as compared with conventional 4F or 2F protocols,the received dose of the 50%volume of bladder was reduced by 25.8%and 27.5%,the rectum was reduced by 12%and 14.3%,the small intestine was reduced by 36.5%and 50%.But the differences of the femoral head(left & right)and the ilium have no statistical significance.Conclusion:in postoperative radiotherapy for cervical cancer,IMRT have Inore dosimetric advantages than conventional radiotherapy.

Objective: Pushing the development of scientific research, education and clinical applying of hemorheologic in eath part comprehensively and in depth. Methods: Summarizing the experiences, lessons and questions in scientific research, edu-cation and clinical applying of hemorheologic in twenty and more years, clarifying the harm of high viscosity to health. Re-sults: Stating the foundation, necessity and feasibility of the overall and deep development have been possessed. Conclusions: Hemorheologic can be developed comprehensively and in depth provided that studying good experiences, cultivating talent, playing the role of learning organizations and conquering the existing questions.

Objective: This thesis describes a pulse monitoring system based on MCU and GSM. Methods: Monitoring system is a wireless remote monitoring devices which using the SMS in GSM mobile communications network. The signal of pulse is acquisited by Acquisition Circuit, after timing and counting by MCU, pulse rate above the standard is directly transmited to family cell or Dr Mobile by GSM. Results: If the patient arises suddenly heart disease, monitor can be promptly sent to the pulse rate above the standard for family cell or Dr Mobile so that patients receive timely aid. Monitor has advantages of a wide coverage, economic and convenience. Conclusions: The monitor will greatly reduce the burden on the patient's family and hospital, This pulse monitoring system can meet with demands of service in the family and villa nursing and hospital.

The virtual surgical system is a surgical simulated software adopting image processing and 3-D visualization technology. It can help the surgeons to determine the operating position, simulate operation and plan for a optimal operation. VTK which exhibits high performance in visualization and ITK which has strong ability in image processing were integrated to solve the key problems such as image segmentation, image registration and fusion, 3-D reconstructing and virtual cropping. Experiments indicated that the integrated 3-D virtual surgical system can help surgeons to observe the surgical process and improve its reliability and quality.

Objective: An automatic seamless stitching method with spinal X-ray image sequence is presented in this paper. Methods: First, biorthogonal wavelet transform is used to implement decomposing of the multi-resolution and the effective edge of the image can be extracted by this method combined with Canny operator. The feature points of the image can be obtained by calculating the edge contour matrix E and the value matrix H. Second, the roughly matching of feature points can be achieved by using Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) algorithm and the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is introduced to remove false matching pairs and to achieve precisely matching. Third, the image sequence is automatically sorted with the improved genetic algorithm to achieve automatic stitching. At last, the weighted average fusion algorithm is appfied to achieve smooth and seamless image stitching. This algorithm is robust for the weak-contrast X-ray image sequence. Results: Experimental results show that high-quality and fast image sequence stitching can be obtained automatically by using this method. Conclusions: To a certain extent, it overcomes the shortcomings of X-ray image sequence such as the strong image noise, concentration of values ofpixels, blurred boundaries, large overlap area and the sequence constraint, and therefore it may be applied to in medical imaging field widely.

Objective: Simulating the photon transport process, recording the distribution of the dose which is caused by various of interactions and secondary particles, summarizing and analyzing the weightiness of each contribution. Methods: The PENELOPE package provides the basic Monte Carlo(MC) code which simulates the processes of photon and electron transport Considering the concerned physical problems, the author modifies the PENELOPE program to simulate the track of photon transport process, meanwhile records the contribution of dose which is provided by various of interactions and secondary particles in this article. Results: Firstly, in the same condition, recording the distribution from 4 source different energies(30 keV, 40keV, 50 keV, 60 keV), the distribution of the central axis total dose and the distributions which are caused by secondary Soft collision and secondary hard inelastic collision, and the distribution of the central axis dose provided by secondary particles. Secondly, in the same condition, recording the distribution of the central axis dose caused by secondary Compton scattering and secondary Photonelectric scattering. Conclusion: In different source of energy, the distribution of the central axis dose proffered by secondary soft collision play a major role; the contribution of secondary Photonelectric scattering decreased with the ascent of energy; the contribution from the first generation secondary particles is stronger than others.

In this paper, a segmentation method, supervised FCM, is used to segment multi-spectrum MR imaging. The qualitative evaluation of human brain can be provided by the results for diagnostics. It can improve the results using FCM.

Objective:In order to improve the learning interest and teaching effect,it is absolutely necessary to design a physical courseware which was suitable for medical students.Taken standing wave as an example,designing and making process of the courseware was introduced in detail.Methods:Using GUI in MATLAB software,the key steps of making the courseware were given.Results:In the interface of the physical courseware,standing wave,damped vibration and forced vibration can be demonstrated real-timely after fixed parameters of the physical process.And it was testified in the course of actual teaching and autonomous learning.Conclusion:The physical courseware was designed and made by the GUI in the MATLAB software.The results are scientific and precise.Furthermore,it is not difficult to make a courseware on the base of the preliminary ability in using MATLAB.In short,GUI is not difficult to learn and it is useful for teachers to design individual courseware.