The influenza virus is classified as a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus in Orthomyxoviridae family, with epidemiological properties distinct from common cold. Previous studies have found that influenza infection can cause cardiac damage through various pathways, and patients with cardiovascular diseases are at relatively higher risk of adverse disease outcomes. Influenza vaccination has been proven to provide protective effect on patients with cardiovascular diseases. Currently, there is insufficient emphasis placed by cardiologists and cardiovascular disease patients on the prevention of influenza infection, leading to a low influenza vaccination rate in China. Therefore, based on the current clinical research progress and relevant guidelines, combined with the safety, feasibility and health economic benefits of influenza vaccinating in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as well as clinical experience from experts, this article proposes expert opinions on influenza vaccination in common cardiovascular diseases aiming to raise awareness of influenza prevention and benefiting patients.
Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control* ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage* ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control* ; Vaccination ; Expert Testimony

Atrial fibrillation (AF) has emerged as a major global cardiovascular disease in the 21st century. In China, there are greater than 12 million patients with AF, and its incidence continues to rise. AF affects patients' quality of life and significantly increases the risks of mortality, stroke, heart failure, cognitive impairment, and dementia. In recent years, multiple clinical guidelines have expanded the indications for catheter ablation and raised its level of recommendation. Concurrently, there has been a rapid and sustained increase in the number of AF ablation procedures performed across China. Among these, radiofrequency catheter ablation remains the most used method. Consequently, the Chinese Heart Rhythm Society of the Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering, in collaboration with 40 arrhythmia centers and 60 leading clinical experts specializing in AF catheter ablation, developed a comprehensive set of standards. These standards were developed based on extensive clinical experience accumulated in recent years and the latest national and international AF guidelines and consensus documents. They address five critical domains: periprocedural management, intra-atrial septal puncture, anatomical reconstruction and electroanatomic mapping, ablation, and complication identification and management. By providing a structured framework, these standards aim to guide AF catheter ablation practice, thereby enhancing procedural safety and efficacy.
Humans ; Catheter Ablation/standards* ; Atrial Fibrillation/surgery* ; China

This study aims to improve the quality of clinical treatment and nursing care to standardize perioperative management for patients with liver tumors undergoing co-ablation system therapy. The Committee of Ablation Therapy in Oncology, China Anti-Cancer Association; the Expert Committee on Ablation Therapy; Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO); and the Committee of Interventional, Perioperative, and Interventional Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctors Association organized medical and nursing experts in China. Based on the clinical practice of co-ablation system therapy in China and relevant domestic literature, an expert consensus about perioperative management was developed. The expert consensus included the key points of perioperative management, prevention, and care of complications; discharge guidance; and follow-up management for patients undergoing co-ablation system therapy of liver tumors. The consensus on the perioperative management of co-ablation system therapy for liver tumors has finally been formulated, serving as a reference and application for medical personnel in relevant fields based on hospital and patient conditions in clinical work.
Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery* ; Perioperative Care ; Consensus ; Catheter Ablation

Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) plays a crucial role in the treatment of hemoptysis, and its efficacy and safety have been proved. Although BAE is widely used in the treatment of hemoptysis, there is currently no standardized procedure for BAE, and there are significant differences between institutions and operators. To achieve standardization and normalization of the BAE in the treatment of hemoptysis, the Chinese College of Interventionalists (CCI) proposed this expert consensus, which is based on existing evidence and combined with clinical practice in China. This expert consensus is about patient selection, preoperative preparation, intraoperative procedures, postoperative management, efficacy evaluation and follow-up. After multiple rounds of discussion, this "expert consensus on the bronchial artery embolization in the treatment of hemoptysis" was proposed.
Humans ; Embolization, Therapeutic/methods* ; Hemoptysis/therapy* ; Bronchial Arteries ; Consensus

Endocrine hypertension is a common form of secondary hypertension. Affected patients often present without specific symptoms or signs, making the condition easy to overlook or misdiagnose. Early screening can greatly enhance the level of diagnosis while prompt treatment can improve the prognosis of patients. Based on clinical evidence and practice, the Chinese Endocrinologist Association and the Chinese Endocrine Hypertension Collaboration Group reached this consensus after extensive discussions on target populations, screening methods, interpretation of screening results, and other issues related to endocrine hypertension.
Humans ; Hypertension/diagnosis* ; Consensus ; Mass Screening

Monoclonal antibodies targeting β-amyloid (Aβ)(represented by Lecanemab) have been approved in the United States, Japan and China for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild AD dementia, and AD treatment has moved towards the era of disease modifying therapy (DMT). In view of the lack of use experience with DMT in China, this article presents recommendations for Aβ-based DMT clinical practice based on its clinical evidence, as well as its existing usage experience and research regarding AD. These recommendations include the mechanism of action, patient selection, standardized use, effectiveness, and safety monitoring, intending to help guide the rational use in real-world clinical practice.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Amyloid beta-Peptides

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and multi-organ damage, with the kidneys being predominantly affected. aHUS results from dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway, triggered by factors including infection, pregnancy, and surgery, among others. Therefore, complement inhibitors play a crucial role in the treatment of aHUS by blocking abnormal activation of the complement system and improving patients' prognosis. This consensus, developed by the Multidisciplinary Consensus Working Group on Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment, is based on the latest literature and guidelines, discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies for aHUS, and provides a guide and reference for the standardized diagnosis and management of aHUS in China.
Humans ; Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/therapy* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Prognosis

Obesity is a significant public health problem in China. The development of a proactive and effective model to combat the obesity epidemic could alleviate the disease burden, improve population health, and ultimately support the achievement of the Healthy China goals. Obesity research has made significant progress domestically and internationally, resulting in continuous improvements in basic public health services within primary care. Therefore, the National Office of Basic Public Health Service Program for Primary Diabetes Care has organized experts to issue the National Guidelines for the Integrated Management of Obesity in Primary Care (2025). The aim of this guide is to assist primary care physicians with evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and evaluating obesity, promoting standardized and integrated management for patients with obesity. It includes essential guidelines for patient management, an overview of obesity, diagnostic and evaluation criteria, integrated management strategies, and protocols for follow-up and referral.
Humans ; Primary Health Care ; Obesity/therapy* ; China ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Thermal ablation has proven an effective treatment modality for certain thyroid diseases. However, its indications remain the subject of significant debate both domestically and internationally. Over recent years, several international academic organizations have issued consensus statements, position papers, and guidelines concerning thyroid thermal ablation. In China, the Chinese College of Interventionalists (CCI), in collaboration with other relevant academic organizations, released the "Expert consensus on thermal ablation for thyroid benign nodes, microcarcinoma and metastatic cervical lymph nodes (2018 edition)". This consensus statement received widespread recognition within the field and contributed significantly to the standardization of thyroid thermal ablation therapy in China. With the continuous accumulation of evidence-based medical data, the need for a more stringent and standardized approach to thyroid thermal ablation has become evident. Accordingly, the Interventional Ultrasound Committee of the CCI, in collaboration with multiple academic organizations and experts, conducted extensive discussions and multiple revisions before finalizing the "Multidisciplinary expert consensus on thermal ablation for benign thyroid diseases, low-risk thyroid carcinoma, and metastatic cervical lymph nodes (2025 edition)". This updated consensus builds on the framework of the 2018 edition, refining indications and contraindications, emphasizing standardized treatment, and outlining future directions for research and clinical applications of thyroid thermal ablation technology.
Humans ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery* ; Consensus ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Thyroid Diseases/surgery*

Non-lactational mastitis is a group of benign, non-specific inflammatory diseases with unknown causes that occur in non-lactating women. The main treatment methods are medication and surgery, but both of these methods have certain limitations and cannot meet the individualized needs of patients. In recent years, thermal ablation technology has been widely used in clinical practice, with significant progress in the treatment and research of breast diseases, especially in the exploratory treatment of non-lactating mastitis, where it has achieved certain therapeutic effects. However, the use of thermal ablation technology in the treatment of non-lactational mastitis is still in its infancy and development stage. In order to standardize development and clinical practice protocols, Interventional Ultrasound Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists,Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists,The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association,and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO) organized a group of some domestic experts in the field of breast disease ablation treatment. Subsequently, based on the latest research progress and considering the actual clinical situation in China, these experts formulated the "Multidisciplinary expert consensus on ultrasound-guided thermal ablation for non-lactating mastitis (2025 edition)" which primarily covers (1) epidemiological and clinical characteristics; (2) diagnosis and staging; (3) operating procedures, indications, contraindications, and related complications of thermal ablation technology; and (4) efficacy evaluation and postoperative follow-up.
Humans ; Mastitis/therapy* ; Female ; Consensus ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; Lactation