Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of central nervous system. Brain mitochondrial dysfunction and structural damage are the important pathogeny of PD. At present, many of Chinese herbal compounds, herbal medicines, and TCM active ingredients are used to prevent and treat PD. The main mechanisms of these medicines are involved in the protection of mitochondrial structure, anti-oxidative stress, anti-calcium dysregulation, mitigation of excitotoxicity, and anti-apoptosis, etc., which also play a comprehensive role through multi-link, multi-level, and multi-target. Through looking up the recent representative literature, the experimental results of Chinese herbal compounds and TCM active ingredients preventing and treating PD through repairing brain mitochondrial structure and function were analyzed and inducted. Many of Chinese herbal compounds and TCM active ingredients were proved to have good effects on PD.

Objective To observe the lung injury of rats caused by PM2.5 and the intervention effect of Platycodonis Radix total saponins (PGS); To discuss the repair mechanism of PGS for lung injury caused by PM2.5. Methods The model of lung injury caused by PM2.5 was induced by tracheal instillation. The rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group and PGS high-, medium- and low-dose groups, with 10 rats in each group. After medication for 14 d, BALF and left lung and right lung tissue of rats were collected. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue. The contents of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 in BALF were detected by ELISA. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of TGF-β mRNA in lung tissues. The expression of TGF-β protein in lung tissue was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with model group, TNF-α and IL-6 decreased significantly while IL-10 and IL-13 increased significantly in BALF in high- and medium-dose group of PGS. Degree of pulmonary interstitial edema and fibroplasia alleviated in PGS groups. Expressions of TGF-βmRNA and protein in lung tissue was reduced in PGS groups. Conclusion PGS can alleviate inflammatory injury caused by PM2.5 via regulating the balance of cytokine and down-regulating the expression of TGF-β and inhibiting the development of fibrosis, which results in the protection and repair on the lung injury of rats caused by PM2.5.

Objective To explore the effects of Sishen Pills on Ghrelin-CaM-MLCK signaling pathway with sinuses ventriculi in diarrhea rats of yang deficieney of spleen and kidney; To discuss its mechanism of action. Methods A model rats with diarrhea model of yang deficieney of spleen and kidney was established by treated with intragastric administration of adenine and Senna water decoction to replicate. 72 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, positive medicine group, Sishen Pills high-, medium- and low-dose groups, with 12 rats in each group. Each medication group was given relevant medicine for gavage, for 14 days. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of Ghrelin and GHSR, CaM, and MLCK protein in the sinuses ventriculi. Results In the model group, Ghrelin, GHSR, CaM and MLCK protein expressions of the sinuses ventriculi significantly increased (P<0.01). In each medication group, protein expression of the indexes was lower than the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The Sishen Pills high-dose group was particularly obvious. Conclusion The effect of Sishen Pills on diarrhea model rats of yang deficieney of spleen and kidney may be associated with regulation of index protein expression in Ghrelin-CaM-MLCK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of 654-2 acupoint injection at Zusanli combined with shiatsu at Neiguan acupoint for colonoscopy analgesia. Methods Totally 140 patients underwent colonoscopy were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, with 70 cases in each group. The observation group were given 654-2 acupoint injection at Zusanli (5 mg each side) combined with shiatsu at Neiguan acupoint (the patient to feel the acid, swelling, hemp began to check, until colonoscopy to return to the ileocecum, stop pressing), and the control group were given 654-2 muscle injection (10 mg) 10 min before colonoscopy. The pain scores, checking time and patients'' satisfaction degree of the two groups were compared, and serum beta-endorphin (β-EP) and substance P (SP) level of the two groups before and after examination were compared. Results The pain degrees during colonlscope inserting and passing the sigmoid, splenic flexure of colon of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.001); testing time was less than that of the control group (P<0.001); patient satisfaction scores were higher than those of the control group (P<0.001); serum β-EP level after examination was higher than that of the control group (P<0.001); SP level was lower than that of the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion 654-2 acupoint injection at Zusanli combined with shiatsu at Neiguan acupoint for colonoscopy analgesia can adjust the serum levels of β-EP and SP, with obvious analgesic effect, which can shorten the testing time.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of Dahuang Zhechong Pills combined with compound gosspol acetate tablets for endometriosis (EM) after operation with laparoscopy; To observe changes in serum markers. Methods Totally 98 EM patients after operation with laparoscopy were divided into the control group (49 cases) and observation group (49 cases). All patients had laparoscopic conventional anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, nutritional support, maintenance of electrolyte and acid-base balance, for 14 d. The control group treated with compound gosspol acetate tablets, one tablet each time, once a day, orally after dinner; the observation group was given Dahuang Zhechong Pills on the basis of control group, two pills per time, twice a day, orally. The treatment course was 6 months. The clinical efficacy and symptom scores were evaluated in the two groups. The levels of MMP-3, CA-125, EMAb, IgG, FSH, E2 and LH were detected before and after treatment in the two groups. The adverse reaction was observed during the treatment. Results After the treatment, the total effective rate was 87.7％(43/49) in observation group, and 73.4％ (36/49) in control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). After the treatment, the symptom scores were significantly lower in both groups, and the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the levels of MMP-3, CA-125, EMAb, FSH, E2 and LH decreased in both groups (P<0.05). The levels of MMP-3, CA-125, EMAb, FSH, E2 and LH in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). There were no serious adverse reactions in the two groups during the treatment period. Conclusion Dahuang Zhechong Pills combined with compound gosspol acetate tablets in the treatment of EM after operation with laparoscopy has a good clinical curative effect and can decrease the levels of MMP-3, CA-125, EMAb and estrogen levels.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Qishen Xiaodian Decoction combined with laser acupoint irradiation for treatment of recurrent Hen?ch-Sch?nlein purpura (HSP) in children. Methods Totally 120 cases of children with recurrent HSP were divided into treatment group and control group according to the digital random table method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was given anti-allergy, hormones, immunosuppressive agents and other conventional treatment for 4 weeks, while the treatment group was treated with Qishen Xiaodian Decoction based on conventional treatment, 1 dose each day, morning and night (age 4–5 take 1/3 dose, age >5–10 take the half dose, and age >10–14 take the whole dose), for 4 weeks. Zusanli, Xuehai, and Sanyinjiao acupoints were under laser vertical irradiation, 12 min for each time, once a day for 2 weeks. The disappearing time of the main symptoms and the total effective rate of the two groups were compared. Peripheral blood contents of Th17 and Treg cells and serum interleukin-17 (IL-17), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) level before and after the treatment were observed. The recurrence rate in 6 months and in 12 months of the two groups were compared. Results The disappearing time of rash, abdominal pain and joint swelling pain and kidney damage of the treatment group were less than those of the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 95％(57/60) in treatment group, significantly higher than control group 80％ (48/60), with statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, Th17 cell content, serum IL-17 and TGF-β1 decreased, and Treg cell content increased after treatment of the two groups (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, contents of Th17 cell and serum IL-17 of the treatment group decreased (P<0.01). The recurrence rate was lower than that of the control group in 6 and 12 months after treatment, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Based on the conventional western medicine treatment, Qishen Xiaodian Decoction combined with laser acupoint irradiation on recurrent HSP in children can quickly relieve symptoms and reduce the recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Bushen Huoxue Decoction in the treatment of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Methods Totally 50 patients of carotid atherosclerotic plaque were collected to conduct health education. At the same time, they were given Bushen Huoxue Decoction, one dosage a day, twice a day, decoction, for 12 weeks. The correlation indexes of carotid artery before and after treatment were observed, and TCM syndrome integrals were evaluated before and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks treatment. FBG, TC, LDL-C, CRP HCY, IL-6, IGF-1, and OPG were detected before and after treatment. Hematuria routine, liver and renal function were monitored. Results After treatment, the Crouse score and the plaque grade score of carotid atherosclerotic plaque showed a tendency to decrease, without statistical significance (P=0.060, P=0.336). Carotid maximal plaque area and modified total score of carotid atherosclerotic plaque were significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (P<0.05). TCM syndrome integrals were significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (P<0.05), and the scores decreased significantly with the prolongation of treatment time. TCM syndrome integrals after 4, 8, and 12 weeks were significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (F=160.352, P<0.001). Total effective rate of treatment in the efficacy of TCM syndrome was 85.11％ (40/47). Serum levels of FBG and TC decreased significantly after the treatment compared with that before the treatment, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Serum levels of LDL-C, HCY, CRP, IL-6, IGF-1, and OPG all showed a tendency to decrease, without statistical significance (P>0.05). No abnormality in hematuria routine, liver and renal function examinations were found during the research. Conclusion Bushen Huoxue Decoction has obvious clinical efficacy for carotid atherosclerotic plaque, which can improve clinical symptoms of patients, it also could stabilize and reduce plaque with high safety.

Objective To provide the feasible basis for the implementation of integration processing technology of origin of Moslae Herba by comparing the traditional cutting processing and integration processing of origin of Moslae Herba. Methods Taking the softening time, the length of cutting section and the drying temperature as the investigation factors of the traditional cutting processing, and the cutting length, drying temperature and drying time as the investigation factors of the integration processing of origin, L9(34) orthogonal test was used. Carvacrol, thymol, volatile oil content were setting as the evaluation indexes, the traditional cutting processing and the integration processing of origin were optimized, and the two selected process were compared. The contents of carvacrol and thymol were deterrmined by Agilent 1200 high performance liquid chromatography and ECOSIL-C18 column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.2％ acetic acid, gradient elution, with wavelength of 274 nm, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, sample volume of 20 μL. The extraction of the volatile oil was in accordance with the volatile oil determination method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition. Results The optimized traditional cutting processing: softening 1 h with 3 times amount of water, cutting to 1.0 cm, drying at 50–60 ℃. The optimized integration processing of origin: cutting to 1.0 cm in fresh, drying at 50–60 ℃, drying to 36 h. The contents of carvacrol, thymol, and volatile oil in the optimum integration processing of origin were all higher than the traditional cutting processing. Conclusion The technology of integration processing of origin is simple and convenient, which can make up the defects of the complicated traditional cutting processing and the lessen of effective components, and is feasible.

Objective To establish a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method for content determination of geniposide in Biyuanshu Oral Liquid. Methods Acetaminophen was used as an internal standard, and the separation was performed on an uncoated fused silica capillary of 52 cm × 50 μm ID (42 cm effective length) with the separation voltage of 25.0 kV. The running buffer contained 50 mmol/L borax, 100 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate and 15％ acetonitrile (pH=10). The sample was injected by pressure (10 s, 0.5 psi) and detected at 238 nm. Results Geniposide was in good linearity range of 15.02–320.48 μg/mL (r=0.9995). The repeatability (low, medium and high concentration of samples) and intermediate precision assays gave satisfactory RSD values of less than 1.77％and 2.01％, respectively. The average recovery of geniposide in Biyuanshu Oral Liquid was 97.50％ and the RSD was 4.43％. The contents of geniposide determined by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography were in accordance with the results of HPLC analysis. Conclusion The method is simple, fast, accurate and precise, which can be used for the content determination of geniposide in Biyuanshu Oral Liquid.

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of liquiritin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid in licorice extract. Methods Liquiritin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid in licorice extract were determined by HPLC dual wavelength spectrophotometry. Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile (A) - 0.085％ phosphoric acid water (B), ingradient elution mode (0–8 min, 81％ B; 8–35 min, 81％→50％ B; 35–60 min, 50％ B) with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The sample size was 10 μL, and column temperature was room temperature. Dual wavelength detection, λ1=237 nm, λ2=254 nm. Results Liquiritin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid were linear in the ranges of 0.0408–0.816 μg, 0.0528–1.056 μg, 0.0224–0.448 μg, 0.0212–0.424 μg, and 0.0448–0.896 μg, respectively. The average recovery was 98.69％, 98.31％, 99.10％, 98.55％, and 99.14％, respectively; RSD was 1.39％, 1.29％, 1.78％, 2.14％, and 1.15 ％, respectively. Conclusion The method is accurate, reliable and specific. The results are stable with good repeatability. It can be used for the determine of above 5 components in licorice extract.