Objective To demonstrate the inhibitory effect of adenosine A1 receptor agonist R(-)-N6-(2-phenylisopropy1)adenosine(R-PIA)and cross-talk between adenosine A1 receptor and CaN in cultured myocardial cells hypertrophy induced by Ang Ⅱ.Methods The protein synthetic rate was determined by measuring the incorporation of [3H]-leucine into myocyte protein;the cardiomyocytes volumes were measured by computer photograph analysis system;the expression of atrial natriuretic polypeptide(ANP)and CaN were determined by Western-blot.Results R-PIA(1 ?mol/L)inhibited Ang Ⅱ(0.1 ?mol/L)-induced increase of [3H]-leucine incorporation [R-PIA:(976.2?89.0)vs Ang Ⅱ:(1130.7?102.7)count per min per well,P

Objective To verify the hypothesis whether resting heart rate(RHR)was able to predict the activities of renin angiotensin aldosterone system(RAAS)and left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)in patients with hypertension.Methods One hundred and seventy-five essential hypertensive patients were categorized into three groups based on the levels of blood pressure(BP):140-160/90-100;160-180/100-110;≥180/110 mmHg.Each group were subdivided into four groups according to the levels of RHR.RHR1:RHR

Background Greater variability in blood pressure and the disappearance of circadian rhythm are frequently found in the very elderly with hypertension.Blood pressure variability may be closely related to the target organ damages.Objective To assess the relationship between nocturnal blood pressure fall(NBPF)and 24 h blood pressure variability(BPV)by using BP weighted standard deviation as a new index for computing 24 h BPV,and to verify the clinical value of this new marker in the very elderly with hypertension.Methods We analysed retrospectively 1441 ambulatory blood pressure(BP)recordings,and computed:①the standard deviation(SD)of 24 h BP directly from all individual readings;②weighted mean value of daytime and night-time SD(wSD);③the magnitude of nocturnal BP fall(NBPF).Left ventricular mass(n=345)and carotid intima-media thickness(n=216)were determined by echocardiography.Results The 24 h SD of BP was significantly greater than the 24 h wSD(P

Background Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)related hypertension.Superoxide anion,produced by NAD(P)H oxidase,plays important roles in hypertension and its complications.Ang Ⅱ infusion increases cerebral NAD(P)H oxidase activity,which is inhibited by angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker(ARB)candesartan and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor.However,the underlying mechanism of ARB in preventing hypertensive stroke is not elucidated clearly.Objective To investigate the effects of candesartan on the expression of cerebral NAD(P)H oxidase mRNA in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRsp).Methods Twelve-week-old salt-loaded SHRsp were treated with candesartan [1.0 mg/(kg?d)],trichlormethiazide [TCM,1.6 mg/(kg?d)] or vehicle(n=12 in each)for 2 weeks.Age-matched salt-loaded WKY rats were served as control(n=12).Blood pressure was measured every week.After two weeks,cerebrums were harvested and 24 h urine was collected.Urinary albumin was examined by ELISA.Cerebral cortex NAD(P)H oxidase subunits(p22phox,p47phox and gp91phox)mRNA expression were assayed by real-time PCR.Results The systolic blood pressure was increased significantly in salt-load SHRsp.Candesartan and TCM reduced SBP to the similar level.Urinary albumin excretion and cerebral cortex NAD(P)H oxidase subunits were markedly higher in salt-loaded SHRsp than those in salt-loaded WKY rats.Incidence of stroke was significantly reduced in candesartan treated group as compared with TCM treated SHRsp(P

Background Whether serum uric acid are related with ischemic stroke in essential hypertension (EH) is controversial. Objective To delineate the relationship between serum uric acid and ischemic stroke in EH. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of 729 EH patients. Patients were classified into four groups according to serum uric acid level. The odds ratio for ischemic stroke was calculated with the lowest quartile as the reference. Results The prevalence of ischemic stroke in EH with quartile 4 of uric acid was higher than that in EH with quartile 1(37.9% vs 17.6%,P

Objective To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome(MS) on the atrial fibrillation(AF) in patients with essential hypertension(EH).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of 1810 hospitalization essential hypertension patients,which were divided into EH+non MS group(n=1155) and EH+MS group(n=655) according to MS criteria.Results Incidence of AF in EH+MS group was higher than that in EH+non MS group(14.4% vs 8.3%,P

Background Fractalkine(FKN) is a novel chemokine that mediate the adhesion of monocyte to vascular endothelial cell,involving in the development of atherosclerosis(AS).Objective To investigate the effect of interleukin-18(IL-18) on the fractalkine expression in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells(HUVEC),and the role of fractalkine in the monocytes THP-1 adhesion on HUVEC.Methods Fractalkine expression in HUVEC was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the adhesion of THP-1 to HUVEC was assessed by Flow Chamber.Results Incubation of HUVEC with IL-18 upregulated FKN mRNA expression in dose-dependent manner.In the concentration of IL-18 ranged 0,25,50,100 ?g/L,the FKN mRNA was increased from(0.10?0.01),(0.49?0.04),(0.63?0.09) to(0.85?0.07)(P trend

Objective To study the long-term effect of administration(6 months) with transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) agonist capsaicin on contractile reactivity of thoracic aorta in C57BL/6J mice.Methods Tow-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were received normal diet group(n=12) or capsaicin group(normal diet plus capsaicin,n=12).Tail-cuff systolic blood pressure(SBP) was examined at the baseline and at the end of the intervention.After 6-month treatment period,carotid artery blood pressure and heart rate were determined by catheterization,and the aortic contractile response was examined using isometric myograph(Danish Myotech Technology,Denmark).Plasma levels of renin,angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) and aldosterone were determined.Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) were obtained from thoracic aorta of mice and cultured.Angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R) protein expression was detected by western blot.Calcium imaging was detected in cultured VSMC using the fluorescent dye technique.Results Systolic blood pressure,invasive carotid artery blood pressure and heart rate have no difference between two groups.No differences was found in PE-induced contraction response in thoracic aorta;while Ang Ⅱ induced contractility of aortic ring was lower in mice with capsaicin than control group [capsaicin:(37.5?1.6)% vs(59.8?1.4)%,P

Background The impact of statins on inflammation are independent of cholesterol-lowering effect.Recent studies showed that Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),a mediator of innate immune responses,is involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.Objective To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on LPS-induced TLR4 expression and downstream signals and to explore the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammation by statins.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)were pretreated with atorvastatin(1 or 10 ?mol/L)or NF-?B inhibitor CAPE for 30 min,then incubated by purified LPS for 24 hours.TLR4,ICAM-1 and E-selectin mRNA were measured by RT-PCR;the percentage of TLR4 positive cells were detected by flow cytometry.The activation of NF-?B(p65)were detected by Western blot.Results Atorvastatin(1-10 ?mol/L)prevented LPS-induced increases in TLR4,ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression [TLR4 mRNA(1.24?0.21)vs LPS(1.82?0.27),P

Background Coronary slow flow(CSF)phenomenon is characterized by delayed opacification of coronary vessels in normal coronary angiogram.Although clinical and pathological features have been previously described,its pathogenesis remains unclear.Objective To explore the risk factors related to coronary slow flow.Methods Thirty three patients with documented coronary slow flow which were defined according to TIMI frame count method(TFC)and 33 patients with normal coronary flow were enrolled.Clinical data and biochemical parameters were determined.Results Baseline data analysis showed that CSF group had higher baseline level of platelets count [(149.2?41.5)?109 vs(128.1?38.7)?109,P=0.037] and serum uric acid [(328.1?85.2)vs(282.8?82.4)?mol/L,P=0.032],while other variables were similar between the two groups.After adjustment for BMI,total cholesterol,urea,logistic regression showed that blood platelets count(?2=8.350,?=0.026,P=0.004),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(?2=4.920,?=0.289,P=0.026)and serum uric acid level(?2=5.305,?=0.009,P=0.021)were independent predictors for CSF.Conclusion These data suggest that elevated blood platelets count,2-hour postprandial blood glucose and serum uric acid level may predisposed to coronary slow flow.