Objective To study China's policy of health human resources accommodated with the socio-economic development and medical demands. Methods The literature consultation method was used to analyze the status and experience in health human resources development in China since the reform and opening-up to the outside world over the past 30 years. Results Health human resources are the main motive power and decisive factor in the development of China's health work. Condition It is imperative to establish a mechanism to enhance and bring the initiative of health professionals into fall play, and set up a unified evaluation system consisting of responsibility, right and benefit, and a system of classified management of health human resources.

Objective To explore the effects of the application of targeted surveillance in the Deparment of Neurosurgery. Methods Someone was specially assignedd to work out both process and outcome goals by means of perspective investigation, clinical groups were formed and information feedback, evaluation of effects and correction of deviation were regularly conducted. Results The process goals were obtained: from July 1996 to June 1997, the rate of hospital infection in the Department of Neurosurgery droppoed from 26.07% to 21.32% (x2 = 4.3465,P ＜0.05). The outcome goals were also obtained: from July 1997 to June 1998, the rate of infection dropped from 21. 32% to 13.40% (x2 = 16.1193,P＜0.01). Conclusion Targeted surveillance is a really effective form of surveillance and information feedback and evaluation of effects are indispensable. Application of targeted surveillance in the Department of Neurosurgery has won initial success.

In light of their hospital's reform and development in the past five years, the authors summarize the new attempts that have been made in their hospital in selecting training and appinting managerial personnel.Prominence has been given to openness in ways of selection, variety in means of training and flexibility in the system of appointments. For the purpose of the scienfific development tnd rational allocation of the hoapital's resources in managerial personnel and the full promotion of its reform in the personnel system, active exporation has been made so as to brng up a contingent of high-caliber and professional hospital managerial personnel able to shoulder important tasks in the new century.

The term complication is defined as a secondary disease, an accident, or a negative reaction occurring during the course of an illness and usually aggravating the illness. It usually takes two forms: a secondary illness of a disease; or a complication resulting from medical treatments.Characteristic of being risky, predictable, uncertain, and relatively avoidable, complications are affected by a variety of factors. In the course of identifying medical malpractice, identification of complications should be achieved according to how complications occur and evolve in the entire course of treatment and care, whether staffs have followed standards and regulations for treatment and care, whether staff are well aware of their obligations to take precautions to avoid risks, and provide medical care once complications take place, whether malpractice exists in the practice of medical staff, whether a cause -effect relationship exists between complications in patients and harms caused to families and medical malpractice.

Pre-bospital Emergency Medical Care (EMC) is special medical care based on emergency medical facilities, mainly providing emergency care for patients who need immediate and intensive care out of the hospital Over many years of practice, both patients and medical staff have realized that immediate access to emergency treatment is essential; quality of care is fundamental and effect is ultimate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish an overall, objective, and feasible evaluation system for the purpose of improving quality of care. In the present article, the author has designed a framework of quality evaluation system for pre-hospital EMC by means of formulating investigation plans and analyzing the indicators that reflect the quality of care being evaluated so as to promote the implementation of the evaluation system.

Job burnout has been a common problem in modem society, and medical professionals are vulnerable to it. The causes of burnout in medical professionals involve factors of social environment and system, institutional factors, occupational factors and personal factors. The intervention strategies at multiple levels are put forward, including to advocate concerning about the well-being of others and attaching importance to cultural value orientation of qualitative life-style, to construct harmonious doctor- patient relationship and good working environment, to enhance social public relations and establish good media image, to improve management system and operational mechanism at organizational level, and to enhance the coping ability at individual level by training.

Based on the analysis of current status of medical service process including the service in out-patient, hospitalization, test, examination, nursing, and so on, the paper describes the bottlenecks and major existing problems of current medical service process. And it further discusses how to make full use of the advanced health information technology, make scientific and reasonable arrangements for all links of medical service, reconstruct medical service process facing the patients, and optimize and reengineer the medical service process.

The paper elucidates the theory and connotation of intensive management of hospital,discusses the domestic and foreign research status on hospital management,and studies the management mode of hospital by analyzing the internal and external environment of hospitals in China.By referring to the experience of foreign experts and the different concepts put forward by domestic experts,introducing medical value chain theory,and attaching importance to the contact with patients and the basic core of medical service.Chinese hospitals can integrate the internal operation system of hospital using scientific and technological means to form a new type of dynamic organization structure and implement intensive management of medical input and output of quality benefit.

The paper discusses the connotation of the medical ethics and style,and analyzes the problems existed in present medical ethiCS construction.Based on systemic thinking on the medical ethics construction,it proposes that from the height of hospital culture construction and under the principle of combining the belief cultivation with practice of medical ethics,the management mechanism involving education,supervision,examination and evaluation,rewards and punishment should be established.

The paper tries to seek a deeper understanding of the conflicts between doctors and patients based on the review of doctor-patient relationship, and traces the cause of the conflicts from the prospective of basic needs of human beings. It explores the way to construct a harmonious doctor-patient relationship based on the needs of doctors and patients, and suggests that the needs of doctors and patients should be concerned about and guided to meet the developing of doctor-patient harmony.