Objective:To combine the consistency evaluation system with the total quality management,and put forward some suggestions for improving the quality of generic drugs in China.Methods:Based on the analysis of the quality of Chinese generic drugs,combined with the concept of modem process quality control,a comprehensive analysis was made on the defects of the consistency evaluation system.Results:The consistency evaluation was found to be very important for the evaluation of the results,but it is not comprehensive as the recognition is not high,and hence there are some risks in itself.As per the findings of this study,,the quality of generic drugs cannot be effectively controlled and improved at two essential points,source and the process only through the consistency evaluation.Conclusions:A good process quality management is the basis of consistency evaluation,which can compensate for the deficiency of the evaluation of the results,and reduce the risk of high input and low quality output.Therefore,it is suggested that the assessment and the total quality management standardization should be integrated and accelerated,and integrate the concept of fingerprint into the quality management system to effectively promote the quality level of Chinese generic drugs.

Under the background of innovation-driven development and advanced biopharmaceutical innovative construction,this paper selects the indicators from three aspects:capital investment,talent resources and innovation output,and a comparative evaluation of the innovation drug R&D ability of China and the developed countries namely United States,Japan and Europe,as the basis to reveal the policy causes of the innovation ability discrepancies in China.The empirical results show that the total amount of funds invested in R&D of innovative drugs is increasing and the number of R&D personnel has become the scale.However,the investment intensity is still far from that of the developed countries,and the capital investment structure is also deficient of rationality.This is inseparable from the absence of preferential taxation policies,lack of high-level personnel training,environmental defects in production and research,and narrow coverage of health insurance policies.

Objective:To understand the elderly residents' awareness,attitude and willingness-to-pay for medical institutions which provide elderly care services in Chengdu.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted on 350 elderly residents who were selected randomly in Chengdu city.Results:In terms of awareness,the results show that the elderly residents' awareness of medical institutions which provide elderly care services is poor.Only a small proportion of them (19.40％) are aware of those medical institutions which provide elderly care service.However,after being provided with the relevant information,the aged people's willingness to live in medical institutions which provide elderly care services was relatively higher (56.72％).Most (79.70％) of the old people are willing to pay less than 2 000 yuan per month for the elderly services provided by the medical institutions.Age,preference of family supporting,and the awareness of medical institutions providing elderly care are the statistically significant determinants of old people's willingness to utilize the elderly care provided by medical institutions.Conclusion:More efforts should be made to improve the elderly people's awareness of the medical institutions providing elderly care.The financial access to the care should be strengthened by the government intervention.To satisfy diversified demands of elderly care,various types of services would be encouraged.

At present,the long-term care insurance pilot work have been carried out in China.Through reviews of long-term care insurance financing arrangement of the first four cities,this study compares and analyzes the financing nature,financing resource,financing level,financing fairness of each city.It was found that financing resource was a little single,incentive measures were lacking.The overall level of financing was slow,fairness of financing needed to be improved and so on.In order to improve the system design of long-term care insurance financing arrangement,this paper put forward several problems that need to be paid special attention,and proposes ways to tackle them.For improving the resource of financing,reasonable and stable resource of financing was suggested to be formed gradually,financing channels to be broadened and financing level to be improved.For improving financing fairness,the insurance system should be perfected and propaganda should be strengthened and other aspects of raising fairness of financing.Financing management system should be straightened out.

The system of long-term care insurance,which is one supportive system for the increasing long-term care needs of the elderly in China will be the highlight for the construction of social security system during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.This paper focuses on the current background,models feature and system design of regional practice of long-term care insurance in Qingdao and Nantong,and makes a comparison between them.On the basis of the summarized experience and inspiration,and the existing problems as well as the experience in advanced countries,the author puts forward the corresponding suggestions,in the hope of providing valuable references for the toplevel design of the long-term care insurance system.

Health program is an important carrier and platform for carrying out international health cooperation and implementing a national health development policy.It plays an increasingly important role in advancing the global health strategy and deepening the health system reform.Policy briefing is a relatively new research evidence for decision makers to provide packaging tools,which can achieve a rapid transfer of information,exchange experiences and promote the implementation of targets and goals.This study takes examples from the Global Health Support Program (GHSP),stating the functions and characteristics,including writing requirements and skills,to help grasping the general procedure and methods for health management personnel on how to write a health program policy brief.It also anticipates to pronote the application and development of policy brief,and hence,turning out to be an effective tool in deepening reform of the medical and health care system in China.

Health Human Resource Development Cooperation(HHRDC) is a critical component in Chinese foreign aid,which had cultivated thousands of health workers for Asian and Arican developing countries by on-job training,degree education,short-term exchange activities for more than 60 years.This paper systematically reviewed the management mechanism,mode and features of HHRDC via literature review,stakeholders interviews and field investigations,and it is found that the main mode of HHRDC is short-term on-job training,but its effect for capacity building is limited;although degree education account for a small proportion of HHRDC,it plays an important role for elite cultivation;the impact for medical team teaching and technical cooperation have become more obvious;the "going out" training have less invest,short period,but bigger social impact.The main challenges of HHRDC includes the deficiency of specific strategies and action plans;the lack of understanding on recipient countries' health human resource situation,characteristics and needs;the alignment with other aid programs;the lack of timely evalu ation towards current cooperation projects.According to the need analysis of undeveloped countries,it is suggested that a cooperation plan for HHDRC is required;the implementation of HHRDC should integrate into other aid programs;the follow-up mechanism and evaluation system need improved;the Chinese degree certification and qualification in local institutions need promoted;the aid to medical educational institutions should added,thereby strengthening developing countries' capacity and realizing common development.

This study conservatively estimates that the Chinese government invests about 267millions USD per year on health facilities aid,almost reaching the amount of Germany,and ranked fifth globally.Health facilities built by China mostly are general hospitals and health care centers located in Arica with unified model and standards,and are the "Turn Key" projects.These facilities have helped to alleviate the scarcity of medical and health resources and accessibility of residents to health services to some extent,as well as promoting the employment and the living standards of local people.However,due to the lack of guidance and coordination of the overall strategic planning and harmonization of health aid efforts,and the knowledge of partner countries' health systems,emphasis on demand driven and feasibility of infrastructure construction while ignoring the needs assessment and feasibility of functional fulfillment,it's hard to achieve the targeted assistance in China's health facilities aid projects.It was found that it's necessary to make three changes in the future:from "infrastructure assistance" to "functional assistance";from "'project assistance" to "program assistance";from a single government official assistance to a combination of official assistance and investment.

Based on the relationship between government and market,this paper analyzed the development process of large medical equipment configuration management strategy,and forecasted the trend of management.It is found that the development process of large equipment management in China can be divided into four stages:sprouting stage,management window period,growth stage,and transition period.The management model of the four stages,respectively,are integrated management,market-oriented management,quantitative control-based comprehensive supervision,and legal supervision.As per the analysis of this work,it was found that the sprouting of the regulation of industry standards,training professionals,management efficiency are low;market-oriented led to rapid growth in the number of equipment,with a low configuration efficiency;growth period of the number of regulatory norms of the market and equipment is reasonable to use;and the legal supervision in transition is taking shape.Currently,the lack of rational allocation of large-scale equipment in the hospitals is the main factor leading to market failure.In the legal framework,the government intervention with configuration permits is the major large-scale equipment configuration management model in the future.

With a combination of the periodical data of the CNKI database,and the literature with the keyword hospital performance,this paper makes a study on statistical analysis and visualization of relevant keywords.This research has found that study of hospital performance covers four areas:the doctor-patient relationship and medical quality,system reform,management innovation,and practice research.Hospital performance research covers three levels:performance management analysis within the hospital,institutional analysis,and analysis of relevant factors.This paper argues that scholars should regard people-oriented as the foothold,and expand research field from the following aspects:the medical insurance payment methods,the hospital linkage and government regulation and so on.