Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a globin with high affinity to oxygen and is specifically expressed in the brain of vertebrates.Many studies show that Ngb's expressions change and it may have protective effects in nervous system injury,such as ischemia/hypoxia.Mechanisms of the Ngb's protective role include free radicals scavenging,anti-oxidative stress,as well as anti-apoptosis.Ngb can also play a transduction signal to increase downstream phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein serine threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signal activities.Arsenic exposure can lead to oxidative stress and apoptosis,Ngb may play a protective role in nervous system injury.In this article,we summarized expression changes and protective role of neuroglobin in nervous system injuries,and out looked the protective role of neuroglobin in endemic arsenic poisoning induced nervous system injury.

Objective To establish a arsenic cerium catalytic rate method for determination of urinary iodine,and increase the linear range of urinary iodine determination.Methods Standard series and urine samples after digestion treatment,were tested using dynamics function of spectrophotometer to record the curve of absorbance value (A) change with time (t) during arsenic cerium catalytic reaction for each measurement system,choice (A1,t1) and (A 2,t2) on this curve and calculating the reaction rate (v),v =(lgA1-lgA2)/(t2-t1).Through the determination of the standard series it could calculate regression equation of iodine concentration (C) with X:C =a ± bX,X =1 000 (v-v0),and the v0 is the reaction rate of reagent blank.Results (① C and X were positively correlated.The standard series linear range was 0-1 200 pμg/L and correlation coefficient r was higher than 0.999 1.The minimum detection limit was 3.9 μg/L (0.25 ml urine).②)Precision:5 urine samples (A,B,C,D,E) were selected within the range of 0-1 200 μg/L and the measured value were (72.3 ± 2.7),(148.2 ± 5.2),(210.5 ± 4.4),(562.7 ± 6.8),and (899.3 ± 8.0) μg/L.The relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 0.9％-3.8％.(③)Accuracy:4 samples (A,B,C,D) were measured for standard addition recovery test,recovery was between 94.2％-107.2％;urinary iodine standard material [the given values were (67.9 ± 9.0),(142.0 ± 10.0),(195.0 ± 10.0),(558.0 ± 17.0),(885.0 ± 28.0) μg/L] were determined and the results were in the range of uncertainty of the standard material.④Method contrast:with the national health standard method (method for determination of iodine in urine by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry) to determinate 120 urine samples,the results showed that there were 60 urine samples within 0-300 μg/L,60 urine samples were more than 300 μg/L.Then rate method was used to test the 120 urine samples.For the 60 samples within the scope of 0-300 μg/L,the determination results of the two methods were positively correlated (r =0.994,P ＜ 0.01);the results of the rate method were lower than those of the standard method and the difference was statistically significant (t =2.047,P ＜ 0.05).But the average deviation was only 2.1 μg/L,for the determination of urine iodine there was no practical significance;for the 60 samples higher than 300 μg/L,the determination results of the two methods were positively correlated (r =0.993,P ＜ 0.01) and the difference was not statistically significant (t =-1.092,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Arsenic cerium catalytic rate method has increased the linear range of urinary iodine determination.Using this method,the vast majority samples can be tested directly without dilution,thereby reducing the workload for determination of urine iodine.

Objective To apply hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry (HG-AFS method) in urinary arsenic detection,and to provide a better,newer and more convenient detection method for quantitative analysis of urinary arsenic.Methods According to the Guide to Develop Biological Sample Inspection Method(WS/T 68-1996) and Guide for Establishing Occupational Health Standards-part 5:Determination Methods in Biological Materials (GB/T 210.5-2008),HG-AFS method was established to detect arsenic content in urine after modification of the method for sample pretreatment,and to verify the linear range of standard curve and linearity,detection limit,precision,accuracy,stability of the sample,and to compare the experimental results of HG-AFS method with those of standard methods of WS/T 28-1996 and Determination of Arsenic in Urine by Cyanide Generation Atomic Fluorescence Method (WS/T 474-2015).Results The HG-AFS method linear range was from 0-100 μg/L,the correlation coefficient r =0.999 9,the detection limit was 0.07 μg/L,the precision was 1.96％-3.97％,and the recovery rate was 95.1％-105.0％.There was no statistical significance between HG-AFS method,the standard of WS/T 28-1996 or WS/T 474-2015 methods (t =1.539,0.353,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The new method is superior to the current detection method owing to its low detection limit,high precision,good accuracy,and wide linear range.

Objective To establish and evaluate a method for determination of total arsenic in urine by test-tube rapid digestion hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Methods After digestion of urine samples using graduated test-tube and graphite digestion apparatus,arsenic content in urine was determined with atomic fluorescence spectrometer.Then the test results were evaluated by using quality control measures,such as precision and accuracy experiments,and the results between different laboratories were reviewed and compared.Results The urinary arsenic was in a linear range of 0-0.300 mg/L,correlation coefficient (r) ＞ 0.999 3,detection limit was 0.000 21 mg/L,relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤4.62％ and the recoveries of standard addition were 93.9％-104.3％.The value of standard reference material measured was within the allowable range.The blind sample of the national urinary arsenic was qualified.Conclusions This method is suitable for large scale determination of urinary arsenic for its micro sample amount needed,less interference and strong practicability.The error results are in a controlled range.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic mutation types of the Mediterranean anemia in Guangxi region in the early neonatal period.Methods The observation group was the children who hospitalized in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomons Region during the period of January 2013 and November 2015,and diagnosed Mediterranean anemia were 85 cases.And 85 newborns that were in the hospital at the same time were selected as the control group.The matching condition between the observation group and the control group was the gestational age.We retrospectively analyzed the general situation (birth weight and gender) and the treatment procedure (the characteristic of blood routine examinations;the day-old of the onset of anemia;the endurance of jaundice;assisted ventilation;the time of oxygen therapy;the dayold of enteral feeding;the blood transfusion times) of the two groups.And the gene was detected in the observation group.Results The observation group's days of life [(13.00 ± 3.79) d] of the oral feeding were higher than that [(9.33 ± 1.95) d] of the control group's (t =2.730,P ＜ 0.05);the observation group's frequency [(3.0 ± 1.0) times] of the blood transfusion was higher than that [(1.0 ± 0.2) times] of the control group's (t =4.268,P ＜ 0.05).The observation group's days of life [(4 ± 1) d] of anaemic onset was shorter than that [(8 ± 2) d] of the control group's (t =-3.258,P ＜ 0.05).The mean corpuscular volume [(80 ± 12) fl] in the blood routine of the observation group was smaller than that [(91 ± 28) fl] of the control group (t =6.712,P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group,the mother's age of pregnancy was (29.19 ± 0.91) years,the birth weight of the newborns was (2.356 ± 0.748) kg,the service time of the ventilator was (7.11 ± 5.07) h,the time of continue positive airway pressure was (27.40 ± 15.17) h,the time of the oxygen provision was (84.98 ± 30.65) h,the time of duration of the jaundice last was (10 ± 3) d;and in the control group,the mother's age of pregnancy was (27.9i ± 0.88) years,the birth weight of the newborns was (2.507 ± 0.783) kg,the service time of the ventilator was (6.21 ± 2.55) h,the time of continue positive airway pressure was (9.64 ± 4.89) h,the time of the oxygen provision was(63.07 ± 21.87) h,the time of duration of the jaundice last was (15 ± 2) d.The parameters showed above were not statistically different between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).In 85 cases the detection of α-thalassemia in 60 cases,24 patients with β-thalassemia,1 cases of α-thalassemia combined with β-thalassemia.The logistic regression analysis showed that the age of the oral feeding completely (OR =0.233,95％ CI =0.081-0.673) and the times of blood transfusion (OR =6.621,95％ CI =2.777-15.784) were the independence factors of the Mediterranean anemia.Conclusion The early clinical performance of Mediterranean anemia is lack of specificity,and we must improve genetic testing and regulate blood transfusion as soon as possible to the one who has anemia and other clinical manifestations within a week immediately following birth or who is suspected of Mediterranean anemia patients by the blood routine examination.

Objective To investigate the relevance ratio of abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) and describe the abnormal ECG index among the residents in Keshan disease (KD) area.To assess the KD illness severity and provide comparable quantitative indicators,provide the scientific basis for elimination of KD.Methods Non probability sampling method was used,and monitoring stations with the highest incidence of KD at the county level were selected in 2012.Clinical examination and 12 lead ECG was carried out.According to The KD Diagnosis Standard (WS/T 210-2011),eight common changes in ECG of KD were scored.According to age and sex group,check the abnormal rate of ECG detection of Keshan disease,while analysed the changes of abnormal ECG index score in latent KD patients and chronic KD patients.Abnormal ECG index to determine:If there was one change,the score was 1 and the abnormal ECG index was 1.And so on,the highest score was 8.Results Totally 61 831 residents were surveyed and 9 634 were found with abnormal ECG,and the relevance ratio of abnormal ECG was 15.58％;totally 3 862 residents had eight ECG changes of KD and the relevance ratio was 6.25％;totally 508 residents were diagnosed with KD and the relevance ratio was 0.82％.The relevance ratio of abnormal ECG among all age groups was statistically different (x2 =3 065.64,P ＜ 0.05).The relevance ratio of abnormal ECG in women was higher than that of men [3.91％ (2 419/61 831) vs 2.33％ (1 443/61 831),x2 =86.30,P＜ 0.05].Abnormal ECG index score was (1.06 ± 0.25) which was not statistically different between gender [men:(1.07 ± 0.27) vs women:(1.06 ± 0.24),t =1.41,P ＞ 0.05].The abnormal ECG index score in latent KD patients was lower than that of chronic KD patients [(1.09 ± 0.30) vs (1.60 ± 0.69),t =-4.87,P ＜ 0.05].In eight ECG changes,the most check out items were T wave and/or ST segment changes (2 816).Conclusions The relevance ratio of abnormal ECG in KD area is at a higher level.The abnormal ECG index can be used to assess the KD illness severity and provide comparable quantitative indicators,in order to provide a new train of thought for the evaluation of KD elimination.

Objective To set up the reference ranges of thyroid hormones for pregnant and lactating woman in Zhejiang.Methods A total of 338 pregnancy,322 lactating women and 139 non-pregnant women (as a control) were selected from 1 079 women in 13 survey sites of Zhejiang as survey subjects,through the questionnaire survey and thyroid B-ultrasound tests from June 2010 to September 2010.The level of urinary iodine was measured by spectrophotometer,and the thyroid hormone [free triiodothyronine (FT3),free (unbound) thyroxin (FT4),triiodothyronine (T3),tetraiodothyronine (T4),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)] was measured by automated chemiluminescence immunoassay.Analysis of thyroid hormone 95％ in pregnant women and lactating women.Results The median urinary iodine of all women investigated were in optimal urine levels (150-249 μg/L),which indicated they were in iodine sufficient status.The FT3 index of lactating women was higher than that of pregnant women and non pregnant women (Zlactating-pregnant =3.98,Zlactating-pregnant =2.46,all P ＜ 0.05);the FT4 index level of lactating women was higher than that of pregnant women and non pregnant women (Zlactating-pregnant =2.68,Zlactating-non-pregnant =2.25,all P ＜ 0.05);the T3 index level of lactating women was higher than that of pregnant women and non pregnant women (Zlactating-pregnant =3.51,Zlactating-non pregnant =2.41,all P ＜ 0.05);levels of T4 in lactating women was the highest (Zlactating-pregnant =2.30,Zlactating-pregnant =4.90,Zlactating-non pregnant =1.57,all P ＜ 0.05);TSH index of lactating women and non pregnant women were higher than that of pregnant women (Zlactating-pregnant =2.81,Zlactating-non pregnant =1.68,all P ＜ 0.05).And in pregnant,the 95％ medical reference interval of FT3 was 3.37-6.53 pmol/L,FT4 was 10.68-20.85 pmol/L,T3 was 1.40-2.79 nmol/L,T4 was 72.72-166.41 nmol/L,and TSH was 0.15-4.44 mU/L;in lactating woman,FT3 was 3.39-6.44 pmol/L,FT4 was 10.81-20.33 pmol/L,T3 was 1.44-2.77 nmol/L,T4 was 71.94-164.61 nmol/L,and TSH was 0.25-4.47 mU/L.Conclusion The thyroid hormone levels of pregnant and lactating women are different from those of non-pregnant women,therefore establishing reference data of thyroid hormones for pregnant and lactating women may be a very important step for clinical practice.

Objective To assess iodine nutritional status of lactating women and infants (0-2 years old) in six ecological regions of Gansu Province,and to provide a scientific basis for iodine supplementation of target people.Methods According to different topography and climate conditions,Gansu Province was divided into six ecological regions:the desert region,the Gobi region of Hexi Corridor,the hills and valleys region of Loess Plateau,the Zhongshan Valley of Qinling Mountains,the grassland meadow area of Gannan plateau and the Loess Plateaugully region.Totally 5 counties were selected from each ecological region,and each county was divided into five geographic locations (east,south,west,north and center).In each location,one township was identified and ten samples of lactating women and infants (0-2 years old) were selected randomly and 60 salt samples of residents were collected to determine iodine content.At the same time salt intake of 20 residents was surveyed in three townships as mentioned above.The water samples of all the centralized water supply projects were collected in each county,and one water sample of the decentralized water supply in ten townships with the largest population of each county from east,south,west,north and center locations was collected to determine iodine content.One soil sample was collected to determine iodine content in east,south,west,north and center townships of each county.The urinary iodine and water iodine levels were measured with the method for determination of iodine in urine by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006).The direct titration method among thegeneric methods for iodide testing in salt production industry (GB/T 13025.7-2012) was used to determine the salt iodine level,and the arbitration method was adopted for quantitative determination in the case of Sichuan salt or other special salts and the salt intake was estimated based on three day weighed food record.The soil iodine was determined using the amplified colorimetric method.Results Totally 1 476 and 1 461 urine samples of lactating women and infants were collected,and the total urine iodine medians of lactating women and infants (0-2 years old) were 149.05 and 151.34 μg/L,respectively,the urine iodine median of lactating women and infants in each ecological region was at the 100-199 μg/L appropriate level.Not weaning infants urine iodine (155.32 μg/L) was higher than that of the weaning infants (146.30 μg/L),the difference was significant statistically (Z =-2.808,P ＜ 0.05).There was a correlation between urine iodine of not weaning infants aged 0-2 years old and breastfeeding women (r =0.133,P ＜ 0.01),and there was no correlation between weaning infants and breastfeeding women (r =0.045,P ＞ 0.05).About 9 008 salt samples were collected,and the rates of qualified iodized salt intake in the six ecological regions were all higher than 93％.The daily salt intake per person ranged from 4.5 g to 12.6 g,in which the Loess Plateaugully region was the highest with 12.6 g and the grassland meadow area of Gannan plateau was the lowest with 4.5 g.The water iodine median of 1 513 water samples was 3.3 μg/L.The water iodine medians of the rest 4 ecological regions were all less than 5 μg/L except for the desert region (42.4 μg/L) and the Loess Plateau-gully region (30.0 μg/L) of which the median of water iodine was higher than 20 μg/L.The soil iodine median of 155 soil samples was 127 μg/kg,in which the desert region was the lowest with 78 μg/kg and the grassland meadow area of Gannan plateau was the highest with 218 μg/kg.Conclusion Lactating women and infants are in good iodine nutritional status and the present iodized salt concentration can meet the demand of iodine nutrition of lactating women and infants well.

Objective To construct a recombinant Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bb)vaccine[Bb (pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj14-3-3)] of Schistosomajaponicum (Sj) and analyze the expression of the fusion gene Sj26GST-Sj14-3-3 of Sj in Bb.Methods The recombinant plasmid pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj14-3-3 was electroporated into Bb to construct a recombinant Bb (pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj14-3-3) vaccine.Mter induction with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG),double restriction enzymes digestion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to identify the recombinant Bb (pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj14-3-3),expression of the recombinant protein was analyzed and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfonate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting.Results The recombinant plasmid pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj14-3-3 was successfully transformed into Bb identified by double restriction enzymes digestion and PCR.SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the relative molecular mass of the expressed recombinant protein was approximately 67 × 103.The expressed protein could be recognized by the immune sera from rabbits infected with Sj by Western blotting.Conclusions The recombinant Bb (pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj14-3-3) vaccine of Sj is successfully constructed.The fusion gene Sj26GST-Sj14-3-3 can be expressed in recombinant Bb and the expressed target protein shows specific antigenicity.

Objective To investigate the effects of fluoride on trabecular bone of the tibia and lumbar in BALB/c mice.Methods Totally 64 four-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups by weight,16 per group:control group (treated with distilled water) and 3 sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure groups (treated with NaF at 25,50 and 100 mg/L F-),respectively.At 12 weeks,mice were killed and blood,two hind limbs and lumbar were collected.Bone fluoride content and incidence rates of dental fluorosis were determined.Serum content of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were detected by micro enzyme labeled method.The ultrastructure of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in lumbar were observed via transmission electron microscope.The pathological changes of the trabecular bone of the tibia and the lumbar were observed under optical microscope,the percentage of trabecular area (％Tb.Ar) was measured with Image-Pro Plus (IPP) software.Results Bone fluoride contents of low,middle and high fluoride groups [(1 828.62 ± 102.93),(3 308.27 ± 185.63),(4 933.36 ± 301.16) mg/kg] were higher than that of the control group [(775.23 ± 92.56) mg/kg,all P ＜ 0.05].The incidences of dental fluorosis in the 4 groups were 0(0/16),47％(7/15),93％(14/15) and 100％(16/16),respectively;the difference was statistically significant (x2 =27.23,P ＜ 0.05).In middle and high fluoride groups,serum AKP [(18.30 ± 1.99),(24.50 ± 3.14) king unit/100 ml] and ACP [(11.97 ± 1.73),(11.31 ± 1.46) king unit/100 ml] were significantly higher than those of control [(14.63 ± 1.21),(9.07 ± 1.47) king unit/100 ml,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05].Under the electron microscope,osteoblast had developed organelles in each fluoride group,rough endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi body,and mitochondria were abundant,and nucleolus was obvious in the osteoblast.Osteoclast was rich in mitochondria,ruffled border clear and distributed phagocytic vacuoles in low fluoride group and middle fluoride group.Compared with the control group (17.03 ± 3.73),HE staining of tibia ％Tb.Ar in high fluoride group (28.79 ± 8.26) was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The lumbar spine ％Tb.Ar in low,middle and high fluoride groups (15.87 ± 2.59,18.28 ± 0.89,21.99 ± 1.81) were higher than that of the control group (12.06 ± 1.76,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions BALB/c mice could be used as a model of skeletal fluorosis.Osteoblast and osteoclast are activated in BALB/c mice with skeletal fluorosis.Bone formation is more obvious than bone resorption and bone mass is increased.What is more,bone mass has increased more significantly in the lumbar spine of mice.