Psychotherapies were introduced into China and developed quite well in the past two decades.The author suggests that the development of psychotherapies for the Chinese should be integrated the traditional cultural issues with the different schools of Western psychotherapies. This article reviews the traditional cultures,which deeply influenced the people's mind and behavioral patterns; and the common kinds of modern psychotherapies practiced in China now.Particularly, the author suggests that the therapeutic skills to learn and experiments to collect, as well as cultural issues to concern will be focused on more by the Chinese therapists.

Objective: The research aims at examining the reliability and validity of the self-designed English Self-efficacy Questionnaires(ESEQ).Methods: It was conducted with 669(501,168) non-English major college students as its subjects.Results: ①ESEQ consisted of 17 items and two sub-questionnaires: English learning behavior efficacy(ESEQ1),English learning ability efficacy(ESEQ2).②ESEQ,ESEQ1 and ESEQ2 all reached a set standard of reliability and validity.③English self-efficacy of female students was remarkably higher than that of their male counterparts(P

Objective: To develop parental punishment style the questionnaire. Methods: Based upon previous literature about parental punishment style and expert interview, data were collected for the parental punishment style questionnaire. A sample of 1028 junior high school students were asked to complete the questionnaire and 158 of them was given retest after a month. Results: Taken from the questionnaire by exploratory factor analysis four factors were compatible. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the data. The internal consistency reliability of father and mother questionnaire was satisfactory, with Cronbach ? coefficient 0.91; and the test-retest reliability was also satisfactory, with test-retest correlation coefficient 0.88 and 0.89, which showed good content validity and high construct validity. Conclusion: The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and meets the need of psychometrics.

Objective:To investigate the influential factors of mental health in rural high-school students by structural equation modeling.Methods:447 rural high-school students were tested by Mental Health test,Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check list,Social Support Scale and Trait Coping Style questionnaire,then theoretical model were established and confirmed for the relationships of life events,social support,coping styles and mental health of rural high-school students.Results:The structural equation modeling fitted the data very well(?2/df=3.56,GFI=0.940,AGFI=0.902,NFI= 0.913,CFI=0.901,RMSEA=0.048),the theoretical model suppose was supported by the use of structural equation modeling.Conclusion:Social supports and coping styles have direct influence on mental health of rural high-school students.Life events have indirect influence on mental health through social supports and coping styles.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the usefullness of four mental health measures in their application to Chinese elderly subjects. These measures which included CES—D, GHQ—30, LSI, and MST were adapted to assess general symptoms of depression and minor psychiatic disorder, life satisfaction, and mental state of the elderly people. Results of these findings indicated that split—half and test—retest reliabilities of these measures were highly satisfactory. With respect to validity, test performace of a group of psychiatric patients (N=31) and normal elderly subjects (N=30) were found to be significantly differencetiated. Furthermore, the pattern of scores obtained by the psychiatric patients also matched well with the clinical diagnosis made by a consultant. Normative data in an old—old sample (N=554) revealed mild to moderate correlations between measures, reflecting favourably on their convergent validity. Significant sex differences were found, which necessitated the establishment of separate norms for males and females subjects.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of gum chewing on the cognitive function of attention. Methods: Based on gum chewing habit, trait-anxiety variable, and different treatments(with or without gum chewing) during experiment,181 college students with good health were assigned to four groups GH (with chewing gum treatment and habit), GL (with chewing gum treatment, no habit), CH (no treatment,has habit) and CL (no treatment,no habit). Two attention tasks: Continuous Performance Test (CPT-AX) and Conjunctive Search Task (CST) were performed by all subjects in the laboratory.Results: Chewing gum during experiment had positive effect on attention performance, and the habit of gum chewing played an important role. Conclusion: Gum chewing had positive effect on attention performance, suggesting the effects mainly came from the familiarity of gum-chewing.

Objective:To explore effect of objective life status and psychological factors on the life satisfaction (SLS) in retired carders.Methods:Two hundred and forty-four retired carders were assessed with Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI), The Elderly's Coping Style Questionaire and Social Support Questionaire.Results:The correlation analysis showed that SLS was significantly related with OIQL, coping style, social support,and life expectation.Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that objective indicators about physical state and mental state from OIQL distancing style from positive coping and social support had significant effect on SLS.

Objective:To study the the mental health and relevant factors of patients with hepatitis B. Methods: 58 cases of patients with hepatitis B were assessed with the Social Support Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Trait Coping Questionnaire and compared with healthy person. Results: All patients had obvious psychosomatic symptoms. The mental health level was negatively correlated with postive coping style and social support. Conclusion: Several psychosocial factors played an important role in the onset and trealment of Hepatitis B disease.

Objective:To investigate the relation of cerebral blood flow(CBF) and memory in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods:The cerebral blood flow of 30 patients with cerebral infarction and 20 healthy controls was measured. The WMS was used for memory function assessment. Results: CBF and memory performance in patients group were lower than those of controls. There was a statistically significant correlation between CBF and memory performances. Conclusion: The decreasing of CBF was an important causal factor to the memory dysfunction in cerebral infarction patients.

Objective: To investigate the depression and anxiety in patients with asthma. Methods: With SAS and SDS,100 asthmatic patients were assessed. Results: The mean scores of SAS and SDS were 54.12±6.47, 44.8±7.28 respectively. 68% of sample had anxiety and 78% had depression. Conclusion: Most of patients with asthma have anxiety and depression. It suggests the treament of depression and anxiety for asthmatic patients are needed besides the conventional treatment.