Objective:To research the relationship of urinary cytology positive rate with the grade and stage of primary ureter uroepithelium cancer.Methods:A total of 104 cases of primary ureter uroepithelium cancer were recruited in this study.The urine of all paitents was collected for preoperative urinary cytology de-tection.The urinary cytology detection rates were compared among different grades and stages of primary ureter uroepithelium cancer.Results:The overall unnary cytology positive rate of primary ureter uroepithelium cancer was 34.26%.The overall urinary cytology positive rate was 43.59%in the advanced stage group and 11.54%in the low stage group,with a significant difference(X2=8.740, P=0.003).The difference in positive rate between the advanced stage group and the low stage group in the high grade with inferior segment group of primary ureter uroepithelium cancer was statistically significant(X2=10.628,P=0.001).The difference in positive rate between the advanced stage group and the low stage group in the high grade group of primary ureter uroepithelium cancer was statistically significant(X2=5.678,P=0.01 7).The difference in positive rate be-tween the high grade group and the low grade group in low stage group of primary ureter uroepithelium can-cer was statistically significant(X2=12.860,P=0.001).Conclusion:The unnary cytology positive rate of primary ureter uroepithelium cancer of high grade and low stage is higher.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathologic features of intraspinal ganglioneuroma.Meth-ods:We collected 1 2 cases of diagnosed ganlioneuroma arising from the spine and one case of ganlioneuro-ma arising from mediastinum as the control.Clinical and radiographic features were reviewed.The pathologi-cal parameters of these cases were analyzed with routine and immunohistochemical stainings of neural fiber (NF),S-100 protein(S-100),myelin based protein(MBP),peripheral myelin protein 22(PMP22),smooth mus-cle actin(SMA),glial fibrilary acidic protein(GFAP)and Ki-67.Results:The disease was likely to occur in pa-tients aged 30-40 years old and more common in female.These cases were all intral cervical spinal tumors and presented with radicular neuralgia and mass effects of cervical spinal cord compression.Ganglioneuro-mas which occasionally contained normal spindle shaped cells were composed of mature or degenarative ganglion cells and neoplastic Schwannian stroma.Ganglion cells appeared positive for NF.Schwannian stro-ma as well as satellite cells around ganglion showed immunoreactivity for S-100.more intense than neurofi-bro-stroma.Mature spindle shaped cells showed immumoreactivity for MBP.Ki-67 labeling indices were usual-ly 0-1%while in Schwannian stroma areas were 3%.No blood vessel endothelium proliferation was ob-served.Conclusion:Intraspinal ganglioneuromas are rare benign tumors(WHO grand I),causing radicular neuralgia.It is jmportant to distinguish ganglioneuroma with spinal root encircled from Schwannoma or neuro-fibroma in the same anatomic location.The optimal treatment is surgical total resection.

Objective:To analyze the factors that affect patient prognosis after radical nephrectomy.Meth-ods:A total of 389 cases of renal cell carcinoma treated with radical nephrectomy between January 1 993 and December 2006 were reviewed.All the data were encoded.inserted into an Excel database and then ana-lyzed by SPSS 1 3.0 software.The cumulative survival rates were calculated by life-table method.We as-sessed the impact of multiple covariates on survival time with the Cox Regression model.Results:The patho-logical results showed that 307 cases were clear call carcinoma,51 cases were papillary renal cell carcinoma,21 cases were chromophobic renal cell carcinoma,2 cases were collecting duct carcinoma.and 8 cases were unclassified.One hundred and ninety-eight cases were of T1N0M0, 113 cases were of T2N0M0, 3 cases were of T1N1M0,10 cases were of T2N1M0, 51 cases were of T3N0M0, and 14 cases were of T3N1M0, Two hundred and sixty-eight cases were followed up.The 1-year survival rate was 96.5%,the 3-year survival rate was 90.7%.the 5-year survival rate was 75.7%.and the 10-year survival rate was 65.8%.Multivariable analysis revealed that significant prognostic factors included TNM stage,Robson stage.vena cava and supplementary treat-ment(X2=22.50.P=0.001).The most important prognostic factor was pathological stage(TNM and Robson).The regression coefficients were 0.533 and 0.674,and the relative risk was 1.941 and 2.01 1(P=0.004 and p=0.002).Conclusion:Radical nephrectomy is safe and effective.TNM stage.Robson stage and vena cava are prognostic factors.Supplementary treatment is a protective factor.

Objective:To study the clinical features and prognostic factors of brain injury after radiothera-py for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods:From January 1998 to June 2006,49 NPC patients with Dost-radiation brain injury in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The incidence of post-radia-tion brain injury after single-pass radiotherapy and re-course radiotherapy was 2.31%and 9.64%.respectively ,(P＜0.05).The median latency period was 50.5 months for single-pass radiotherapy and 25.5 months for re-course radiotherapy.Fourty-nine patients suffered from radiation injury in the brain.The lesions were locat-ed in the temporal lobe in 37 patients(75.5%),in the pens in 9 patients(18.4%)and in mixed position in 3 pa-tients(6.1%).The symptoms and signs of the patients could be alleviated by therapy, but the quality of life was not improved.Conclusion:Radiation brain injury in NPC patients after radiotherapy is related to field de-sign.The incidence of radiation brain injury in the temporal lobe is the highest.Compared with single-pass ra-diotherapy, re-course radiotherapy leads to higher incidence of brain injury and shorter latency period.

Objective: To investigate the effect of amiloride on in vitro invasive activity and uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator)system of human highly metastatic lung carcinoma cell line PGCL3. Methods: At 6 hours after treatment with amiloride at the concentrations of 25μmol/L，50μmol/L and 100μmol/L for PGCL3 cells，Transwell Chamber assay was performed to detect the effect of amiloride on the invasive and migratory capacity of PGCL3 cells.Effect of amiloride on the activity of uPA and PAI-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1)secreted by PGCL3 cells were measured by chromogenic substrate assay after PGCL3 cells were incubated with amiloride for 24 hours.RT-PCR was used to analyze the effect of amilorede on mRNA levels of uPA，uPAR(urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor)and PAI-1.The expression levels of uPA，ERK2(extracellular regulated protein kinases 2)and ras protein were assessed by Western blot. Results: The number of cells through membrane was significantly decreased in invasion and migration test in vitro.The inhibitory rates of invasion and migration after treatment with amiloride of 100μmol/L were 37.7%±4.1%and 64.9%±4.9%.respectively,with a significant difference from those in the control group(P<0.01).At 24 hours after amiloride treatment，the chromogenic substrate assay showed direct inhibition of the activity of uPA and PAI-1 secreted by PGCL3 cells.No effect on the expression of uPAR in mRNA level was observed,but the expression of PAI-1 in mRNA level was significantly inhibited.Amiloride of 100μmol/L dramatically inhibited the expression of uPA mRNA.The expression level of uPA protein was decreased with the increase of the concentration of amiloride,but no effect was observed on the expression of ERK2 and ras in protein level.Conclusion: Amiloride can inhibit the invasion and migration of PGCL3 cells,through inhibiting the expression and activity of uPA and PAI-1.Amiloride is a potential agent to inhibit cancer invasion and metastasis.

Objective: To investigate prognostic factors of survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metasta-ses.Methods: The clinical data of 109 lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases were reviewed.Fifty-senven pa-tients survived more than 1 year, and 52 patients survived less than 1 year.The data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 statisti-cal software.Results: Both the univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that patients' PS score, the interval be-tween diagnosis and brain metastasis, and multimodality treatment were independent prognostic factors for the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases (P<0.05).Patients' gender, age, metastatic symptoms and extracrani-al metastases didn't significantly affect patient survival.Conclusion: Patients with PS score 0-1, the interval of more than 1 year between diagnosis and brain metastasis, and combined therapy have longer survival.The research provides an impor-tant guidance for the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and etiological factors of cervical cancer in young Uygur women in Xinjiang.Methods" We reviewed 350 cases of young Uygur females diagnosed with cervical cancer in our hospital during 1998-2007.The patients were divided into two groups according to their admission time (1998～2002 group and 2003～2007 group).Results: The incidence of cervical carcinoma among yong Uygur women was 12.9% in the 1998-2002 group and 10.3% in the 2003-2007 group.The first symptom was vaginal contactive bleeding.In both groups, most patients were peasants, but the percentages of highbrow was higher in the 2003-2007 group.Patients in the 2003～2007 group were of older age at first marriage and had lower rate of abortion.There was no significant difference in histological type between the two groups.However, patients in the 2003-2007 group presented with much earlier stage of cervical cancer and 56.9% of them were of stage Ⅱ disease, compared with 18.1% in the 1998-2002 group (P<0.05).Squamous cell carcinoma was the dominant histological type.Conclusion: The incidence of cervical carcinoma in young Uygur women tends to decrease due to screening and advocation of late marriage, less reproduction in remote rural areas of Xinjiang.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, pirarubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CTOP regimen) for B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and to analyze the influential factors for patient response.Methods: The clinical data of patients with CD20 antigen treated with R-CTOP regimen were reviewed and the influence of sex, age, clinical stage, pathological type, and level of LDH and IPI on patient response was analyzed.Results: A total of 33 patients were evaluated for objective response.The complete response (CR) rate was 51.5%, the par-ticel response (PR) rate was 33.3%, and the overall response rate was 84.8%.For the 23 de novo patients, the CR rate was 56.5 %, the PR rate was 34.8%, and the OR rate was 91.3%.While in the 10 recurrent patients, the CR rate was 40%, the PR rate was 30%, and the OR rate was 70%.Sex, clinical stage, pathological type, and the level of LDH and IPI were not significantly related to clinical response.While patient age was related to clinical response.None of the patients died of therapy-related side effects.The most frequent adverse event was myelosuppression (Ⅲ-Ⅳ decrease of leukocyte account-ed for 32.1%).Cardiotoxicity and alopecia were mostly grade Ⅰ to grade Ⅱ.Other side effects can be tolerated after symp-tomatic treatment.Conclusion: R-CTOP regimen is a highly effective and well-toleraed therapy and should be the first choice in the treatment for B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), especially for senior patients.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of serum SCC, NSE, CEA, and CYFRA21-1 for lung cancer patients.Methods" The levels of SCC, NSE, CEA, and CYFRA21-1 were detected by electrochemoluminescence immuno-assay in 132 lung cancer patients, 48 patients with benign lung diseases and 92 healthy people.Results: The levels of NSE, CEA, and CYFRA21-1 in patients with lung cancer were higher than those in patients with benign lung diseases and in.normal controls.The level of SCC in patients with lung cancer was higher than that in normal controls.The levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 in patients with benign lung disease were higher than those in normal controls.Patients with adenocarci-noma had the highest level of GEA and patients with small cell lung cancer had the highest level of NSE.Patients with squamous cell carcinoma had the highest levels of SCC and CYFRA21-1.The sensitivity sequence of the tumor markers in lung cancer was: NSE>CEA>CYFRA21-1>SCC.CEA showed the highest sensitivity of about 58.8% in adenocarcinoma.CYFRA21-1 showed the highest sensitivity of about 71.4% in squamous cell carcinoma.NSE showed the highest sensitivi-ty of about 50% in small cell lung cancer.ROC curves showed that the under-curve area of NSE, CEA, and CYFRA21-1was 0.928±0.034, 0.957±0.026, and 0.964±0.023, respectively.The combination of NSE, CEA, and CYFRA21-1 presented with the highest sensitivity (75.6%) and good specificity (90.7%) for the diagnosis of lung cancer.The combination of SCC, NSE, and CEA detection presented with the highest sensitivity (73.5%) for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.The combina-tion of NSE, CEA, and CYFRA21-1 showed the highest sensitivity (87.5%) for the diagnosis of squamous call carcinoma.The combination of SCC, NSE, and CYFRA2.1-1 showed the highest sensitivity (75.0%) for the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer.Conclusion: The assay of SCC, NSE, CEA and CYFRA21-1 is useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer and the ex-pression of the four tumor markers is closely correlated with pathological types.The suitable combination of tumor markers is helpful for differential diagnosis of lung cencar.

Objective: To analyze the association of thrombocytosis with the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Methods: The clinical materials of 782 patients with gastric cancer who underwent initial surgery in our hospital between January 1995 and December 1999 were retrospectively analyzed.Kaplan- Meier and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the data.Prognostic factors were analyzed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.Results: Thrombocytosis oc-curred in 11.4% (87/782) patients.The platelet level was not significantly different among patients of different gender, tumor stage, and histological differentiation (P>0.05).However, a significant difference was observed in the platelet level among patients with different age and surgical approach (P<0.05).The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 75.0%, 40.1% and 28.9% in patients without thrombocytosis and 52.8%, 16.9%, and 13.5% in patients with thrombocytosis (P=0.002).Univari-ate analysis showed that histological differentiation, pathological stage, surgical approach and thrombocytosis significantly affected the survival of patients.While age and gender had no significant impact on patient survival.Multivariate analysis showed that pathological stage, surgical approach, and thrombocytosis were independent prognostic factors for gastric can-cer.The relative risk of death of patients with thrombocytosis was elevated by 1.454 times (RR=1.454, 95% CI: 1.135～1.861, P=0.005).Conclusion: Thrombocytosis is an independent prognostic indicator for the survival of initially treated pa-tients with gastric cancer.