Objective To investigate cross-cultural differences in picture recognition memory of medical students. Methods Picture recognition memory were assessed by the classic new-old picture recognition,and behavioral results were recorded during the test. Results For new medical picture recognition, mean accuracy of Chinese medical students( 83.21 ± 8.95 )% was considerably higher than that of Indian medical students( 75.56 ±12.63)% (P＜0.05), while for old medical picture recognition, reaction time (RT) of Chinese medical students ( ( 887.57 ± 104.07 ) ms ) was longer than that of Indian medical students ( ( 840.93 ± 1 22.48 ) ms) (P＜0.05).Three way ANOVA suggested that cultural background and picture type significantly affected accuracy and RT,learning experience affected RT. In addition to picture type and learning experience, the interaction of each factors is not remarkable. Conclusion Cultural background, professional background and learning experiences have affected recognition memory. Medical students of different cultural background adopted difference strategies in picture recognition memory.

Objective To study the effect of endothelial progenitor cells on the behavior of chronic cerebral ischemic rats. Methods Adult rats were treated using the protocol of chronic cerebral ischemic model. Then translated the endothelial progenitor cells in vein to them, and Morris water maze was carried out to test the learning and merrory ability of the rats. The cell proliferation, vascular distribution and the plasma VEGF levels were day of 2nd to 5th of experimental group ( EPC group ) were significantly shorter than the control group ( PBS group), which were(44.45 ±9.44)s,(38.32±1.51)s,(34.95 ±6.76)s,(24.46 ±5.47)s and (52.79±6.47 ) s, ( 43.15 ± 11.21 ) s, ( 50.29 ± 11.41 ) s, ( 53.75 ± 7.35 ) s, (P ＜ 0.01 ) respectively. The time of EPC group spend in the first quadrant were significantly longer than that of the PBS group, which were (26. 76 ±of the EPC group( 26.8 ± 5.76 ) was higher than that of the conrespondering areas in the control group( 12.17 ±ments of capillaries were (P＜0.05) shorter in the PBS groups( (3.4 ±0.24) μm) than in the EPC groups( (2.8± 0.2 )μm) significantly, EPC group could significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ) increased the number of branch points in the boundary regions of ischemia compared with the number in the PBS group (respectively (210. 1 ± 13.80 ) and (164.2 ± 12.3 )). Three-dimensional cerebral vessel surface area in the ipsilateral hemisphere significantly increased in the EPC group compared with the PBS group (respectively (84365 ± 3897 )μm2/0. 002mm3 and group in the plasma VEGF levels ( ( 63.91 ± 6.71 ) pg/ml; ( 21. 81 ± 4.25 ) pg/ml, respectively (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜0.01 ). Conclusion There are positive behavioral effects of endotbelial progenitor cells in chronic cerebral ischemic rats. The possible mechanisns mavbe involve the nerve protection and regeneration of the vascular associated with the VEGF. The endothelial progenitor cells maybe have a great prospect in the therapy of chronic cerebral ischemic disease.

Objective To investigate effectiveness of meta-cognitive intervention on aged people with middle depression. Methods Geriatrist Depression Scale(GDS) and Hamilton's Depression Scale ( HAMD-17 ) were used to screen out 70 aged people with middle depression from 850 retired soldier cadres dwelling in cpla dalian sanitarium. They were randomly divided into study group( n = 35 ) and control group( n = 35 ). The experimental group received meta-cognitive intervening and general nursing care for 8 weeks, while the control group only received general nursing care for 8 weeks. HAMD-17, GDS, global assessment scale(GAS) and the Metacognitions Questionnaire(MCQ-30) were administered both at the start and the end of the 8th week. Results The total scores in HAMD and GDS were decreased significantly in study group ( HAMD: ( 1 1.54 ± 2.50 ) vs ( 13.06 ±2.82),t= -2.378, P=0. 020;GDS:(12.51 ±2.43) vs (16.06 ±2.48), t= -6. 031, P=0. 000;GAS:(77.71 ±3.03) vs (75.63 ± 3.24), t = 2. 785, P = 0. 007 ). At the end of 8th week, the MCQ total score was significantly decreased in study group (38.69 ± 4. 17,81.37 ± 5.98, t = 34. 652, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion For aged people with middle depression,good effects are got by the meta-cognitive intervening technique and meta-cognitive intervening technique improve the meta-cognitive level of aged people with middle depressive mood.

Objective To investigate rates and clinical associates of combined antipsychotic therapy in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia during 1986 ～ 2006. Methods Hospital charts of schizophrenic inpatients who discharged from six psychiatric hospitals in Tangshan in 1986,1996,2001, and 2006 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical character and prescription information at time of discharged of patients' was coded by trained investigators with a special designed form. Results The rates of combination antipsychotic therapy in the four years mentioned above were 13.2%, 18. 1% ,32.7%, and 28.9% ,respectively and the difference was statistically significant( x2 = 76.431, P ＜ 0.01; linear by linear x2 = 25. 542, P ＜ 0.01 ). Combined antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenic inpatients in Tangshan region show a increasing trend. There is significant difference of rate of combined antipsychotic therapy between hospitals. Combined antipsychotic therapy were associated with duration of illness,numbers of prior psychiatric hospital admission,hospital from which patients discharged,and discharged year.

Objective To develop the scale on work values for college students. Methods 63 items were determined through reviewing items in related literatures and scales, experts consulting and panel discussion.528 students from 3 universities in Shanghai were enrolled in the study. The data were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis,discrimination analysis,reliability analysis and other statistical analysis methods. Results College students' work values comprises six dimensions: self-value dimension ( including two sub-dimensions: self-esteem dimension and self-realization dimension), social-value dimension, dimension of the working environment, wages and welfare dimension , job stability dimension, and the dimension of social status. 43 items were reserved after exploratory factor analyses. The coefficient of reliability of the 43 items was 0.943, and the item loading of the 43 items was 0. 321 ～ 0. 792. Conclusion The discernment, internal consistency and validity of the scale accord with psychometric demands.

Objective To investigate the influence of class lecture on health care of sex and production to the sexual attitudes of college students. Methods 930 college students were assessed by The Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire(SAQ) before and after taking part in the lesson of health care of sex and production. Results The score of SAQ of all subjects was lower after class lecture (9.44 ± 2.67 ) than before ( 10.78 ± 2.65 ), there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05 ). Compared to before class lecture , the scores of male and female college students were decreased after education(P＜0. 05 ). There was apparent difference between clinical and nonclinical students before and after class lecture ( clinical (99.70 ± 2.50) vs ( 8.30 ± 1.70), P ＜ 0.05; nonclinical (11.71 ± 2.67)vs (10.81 ± 2.23), P＜0.05). Conclusion Sexual knowledge was increased, and the sexual attitudes was tended to maturity of the students. It' s nessary to promote opening lecture of Health Care of Sex and Production in college students.

Objective To find some risk factors correlated with test anxiety of middle school students,and to find out influencing pathway for test anxiety. Methods 647 middle school students were investigated with Sarason' Test Anxiety Scale (TAS), Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS), Coping Style Scale for School Students ( CSS), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire( EPQ), Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforrestran(EMBU) and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV). Statistics were done with version of SPSS14.0,and data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, multiple linenear stepwise regression and path analysis. Results The rates of test anxiety respectively was mild 25.97% ,moderate 45.65% ,severe 28.38%; there were no significant different between the male and female students anxiety ( 16.71 ± 6.44,17.01 ± 7.02, t = 1. 469, P = 0.334). Test anxiety positively correlated with Achievement motivation, reach motivation of competition, endurance, escape, expos, deny the fantasy,family conflicts,parental punished severely,excessive interference,objective deny,overprotective of father.( r 1-16 :0. 214,0. 135,0. 254,0. 216,0. 308,0.472,0. 492,0. 168,0. 249,0. 537,0. 282,0. 102,0. 238,0. 185,0. 233,0.301,0.273; P 1-16 = 0. 000 ～ 0. 030) , and negatively correlated with Problem-solving, rationalizing interpretation, family cohesion, informative, entertaining, emotional expression, organization, parental warmth and understanding ( r1-9: -0. 121, -0. 134, -0. 178, -0. 215, -0. 221, -0. 101, -0. 298, -0. 136, -0. 168; P 1-9 =0.000 ～0.007). Enter test anxiety regression equation is the reached motivation of competition,emotional expose,organization, psychosis, Neuroticism, parent's warm and understanding , mother's refuse and deny ( t 1-7: 2.496,2.521, -2.687, -2. 150,3.503,2.237,2.259; P1-7 =0.001 ～0.038). Conclusion Test anxiety is commonly find in middle school students. Test anxiety is affected by some paths that are personality,achievement motivation,emotional coping style,family environment and parental education methods.

Objective To explore quality of life and coping style of autistic children' s parents, and correlation between them. Methods 68 parents of children with autism and 64 healthy children' s parents were tested with comprehensive assessment questionnaire of the quality of life and coping style questionnaire. Data were analyzed by t -test and multivariate regression analysis. Results The scores of material life and mental health dimensions in study group(48.18 ± 12.80,60.63 ± 10.18 ) were lower than that in control group(52.71±9.84,65.79±8.64) and the difference was significant( t= -2.04, P＜0.05; t= -3.09, P＜0.01 ). The scores of "problem solving" coping style in study group were slower than in control group; the scores of fantasy and wincing coping style in study group were higher than that in control group. By multivariate regression analysis showed that the scores of "problem solving" coping style were positively correlated with total score of life quality,physical health,mental health and social function dimensions; the scores of "fantasy" coping style had negative correlation with the total score of life quality; the scores of "wincing" coping style had negative correlation with mental health dimension. Conclusion Parents of autistic children were more susceptible to problems of physical life and mental health. Compared to parents of normal children they are more in "fantasy and wineing style and less in" problem solving style to cope with stress, so it would affect the quality of life and mental health badly and need early intervention.

Objective To explore the dynamic change and correlation of the behavior and hippocampal volumes by MRI of rat depressive model. Methods Based on the evaluation of ethology, thirty SD rats were randomly and equally divided into control group and model group which was exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 8 weeks. The body weight, fluid consumption test and Morris water maze test were done at the beginning and per week while the bilateral hippocampal volumes of every rat were measured by high field MRI at the beginning and per two weeks. Results Based on the behavioral data,the rat depressive model was established successfully,and changed dynamically. On 4th week,the left hippocampal volumes of depressive rat were significantly reduced (model group(37.13 ±2.40)mm3 ,control group (39.05 ±2.05)mm3, t=2.36, P＜0.05) while the right ones did not. On 6th week, the right ones began to reduce significantly ( model group ( 37.85 ± 2.11 ) mm3, control group ( 39.44 ± 2.10 ) mm3, t = 2.07, P ＜ 0.05 ) while the left one still reduced, but the extent of the left's reduction was bigger than the right( left:15% ,right:8% ). And there was apparent correlation between the behavior and the reduction of hippocampal volumes. Conclusion The behavior and hippocampal volumes of rat depressive model changes dynamically,and there was a regularity of them.

Objective To investigate the effect of sertraline on the viability and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 in NGF-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.Methods NGF-induced PC12 cells were pretreated or directly treated with different concentrations of sertraline for 24 or 48 hours and the pretreated groups were then subjected to serum withdrawal condition. Then cell viability was determined by the cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and pERK1/2in NGF-induced PC12 cells was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot respectively. Results The viability of NGF-induced PC12 was improved after administration with sertra]ine. After 24h sertraline administration, the cells activity of PC 12 cells at 20μM ( 1.32 ± 0. 11 ) , 10μM ( 1. 17 ± 0.05 ) of direct effect, and 20μM ( 1.15 ±0.11 ) of protect effect increased dramatically as compared with control group. But high dose ( 50μM )sertraline express high toxic effect to PC12 cells. The expression of TH was increased by sertraline 20 μM at both 24h(ratio of TH/β-actin = 1.27 ±0.05) and 48h(ratio of TH/β-actin = 1. 23 ±0.08) compare with control group,and the expression of pERK1/2 also increased dramatically by sertraline 20 μM at both 24h (ratio of (pERK1/2)/β-actin = 1.41±0.05) and 48h( ratio of (pERK1/2)/β-actin = 1.40 ±0.06) compare with control group(P＜0. 01, P ＜ 0. 05). Immunohistochemistry showed similar results. Conclusion These data suggest that the neuroprotective effect of sertraline may play an important role in depression therapy, and this effect might be mediated by TH and pERK1/2 up-regulation.