Objective　To study the relationship between cell apoptosis and vascular disease.Methods　The paper reviewed the concept, character, gene control and signal transduction of apoptosis associated with vascular disease.Results　Cytokine, radiation could induce apoptosis of endothelial cells, and caused vascular damage.The apoptosis of smooth muscle cells was related to the atherosclerosis and restenosis of vessels.Conclusion　Cells apoptosis is related to vascular disease significantly.

Objective　To evaluate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on tumor angiogenesis, and its usage in tumor therapy. Methods　The recent literatures about VEGF and angiogenesis were reviewed and analyzed. The advances of VEGF study were summarized. The effects of anti-angiogenesis in tumor biological therapy were introduced.Results　Angiogenesis had been identified as an important factor for promoting tumor growth. VEGF was a basic and pivotal factor in tumor angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenesis treatments aimed at VEGF, including the applications of VEGF inhibitor and gene therapy of adenovirus medium, had got great progress. Conclusion　 VEGF is a leading factor of tumor angiogenesis, the anti-angiogenesis therapy aimed at VEGF has probably provided a new chance to malignant tumor treatment.

Objective　 To explore the feasibility of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) as a vector for the gene therapy of liver cancer. Methods　 The rAAV/enhance green fluorescein protein (EGFP) recombinant was prepared by the routine method of two plasmids cotransfection. Results　 The experiment showed that one 10cm plate could produce 107-108 infection unit recombinant by the method of two plasmids cotransfection, and the transduction of HepG2 cell was increased with the increase of infection dosage of rAAV. About 100 multiplicity of infection (MOI) AAV vector could make all the tumor cell light. Conclusion　 Liver cancer cell can be efficiently transduced by rAAV, and AAV vector may be a valuable vector for the gene therapy of liver cancer.

Objective　To investigate the level of cell adhesion molecule sialyl-LeX expression in colorectal carcinoma and its relation with carcinogenesis, differentiation, metastasis and prognosis. Methods　Sialyl-LeX expression and its optical density in colorectal carcinoma (n=90) and remote normal mucosa (n=30) were quantitatively studied with microwave-LSAB immunohistochemical method combined with image analysis technique. Fifty-three patients were followed up. Results　 The weaker staining in remote normal colorectal mucosa was observed in very limited parts of some deep crypts. Positive rate of sialyl-LeX expression was only 16.7%(5/30). The positive expression of sialyl-LeX was observed in 83 of 90 patients with colorectal carcinoma(92.2%). The apical cytoplasma of cancer tubules, the luminal contents, and the cytoplasma of the cancer cells were strongly stained. The mean integral optical density of sialyl-LeX positive cell in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in highly differentiated and mucinous ones (P<0.01). It was markedly higher in patients with positive lymphatic nodes than that in negative ones (P<0.01). With followed-up for longer than 5 years, it was much lower in the alive cases than that in the dead (P<0.01). Conclusion　These findings indicate that changes of sialyl-LeX expression and its optical density is related to carcinogenesis, differentiation, invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. It may be a good predicter for the prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Objective　To study the clinical features of duodenal trauma and its surgery to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. Methods　Methods of diagnosis and results of surgical treatment were analysed retrospectively of 35 cases of duodenal trauma. Results　The positive rates of abdominal X-ray and abdominal puncture were 32.0%, 13.3% respectively. The extraperitoneal duodenal injuries occured in 30(85.7%) cases. 25(71.4%) cases were complicated by additional intraabdominal organ injuries. The rate of failure to diagnose intraoperatively was 11.4%. The postoperative complication rate was 37.1% and the death rate was 11.4%. Conclusion　Duodenal trauma is characteristic of low diagnostic rate preoperatively, high failure rate intraoperatively and most of the cases are complicated by other intraabdominal organ injuries, so both the complication and mortality are high. If the diagnosis is certain, surgery should been taken suitably. This is the key to improve prognosis. The procedure performed is based on the condition of duodenal injuries.

Objective　To evaluate the effect of inducing differenation of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on immunologic function of patients with gastric cancer. Methods　T-lymphocyte subsets(T-Ls) and interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R) of 56 patients with gastric cancer after treatment of ATRA were studied. Results　In radical gastric cancer resection group, the serum CD3,CD4 and CD4/CD8 rate were higher and sIL-2R were lower than those in the control group, after treatment of ATRA, CD3,CD4 and CD4/CD8 rate and sIL-2R were as high as those in the control group. In the non-operative or palliative gastric resection group, CD3,CD4 and CD4/CD8 rates were increased markedly and the serum sIL-2R was decreased significantly than those in the control group. Conclusion　ATRA inducing differenation can improve the immunity of the patients with gastric cancer.

Objective　To study the clinical diagnosis and treatment of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula with biliary deseases. Methods　Eighteen duodenal diverticulum treated in our department in recent 5 years were retrospectivly analyzed, especially investigated the postcholecystectomy cases whose symptoms were continuing existence after operatoins. Articles about the surgical treatment were reviewed. Results　The total of 18 duodenal diverticulum with 17 cases of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum were included in this study. The ages of 12 cases were over 50 years old. Sixteen cases(88.89%) presented biliary stones. Seven cases once had performed cholecystectomy or cholecystectomy plus choledochotomy,but symptoms persisted after operations. The duodenal diverticulum were found by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and hypotonic duodenography. Sixteen patients underwent surgical treatment with good effect. Conclusion　The juxtapapillary duodenal diveticula has the close relationship with biliary stones. ERCP and hypotonic duodenogrphy are the most reliable methods to get the correct diagnosis. In case of recurrent common bile duct stones after operations or persisting billiary symptoms after cholecystectomy, the coexistence of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum should be ruled out. The surgical treatment is only considered for the duodenal diverticulum with complication.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tumor suppressor gene DPC4 and the development and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Relevant literatures of recent years were reviewed. Results DPC4 was located on chromosome 18. Its product was Smad 4 protein. Smad 4 protein was the central component of the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, and all the biological effect was the results of interaction of Smad 4 and different Smads. The gene was deleted or inactive in about 50% of pancreatic carcinomas. The deletion of DPC4 had a great relation to the development and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Conclusion The alteration of tumor suppressor gene DPC4 is connected with the development and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma. However, this research should be further studied.

Objective To discuss the molecular structures and functions of Alu repeats,and its relationships with malignant tumors. Methods Advances in molecular biology and oncology of Alu repeats in recent years had been reviewed. Results Homologous recombination between Alu repeats may result in various genetic exchanges,including duplications, deletions and translocations,cause a series of malignancy alteration by activating some oncogenes. Conclusion Alu repeats as a sort of multifunction regulatory sequences may play an important role during the carcinogenesis and progression of some tumors.

Objective To investigate the spectrum of spiral CT imaging findings of blunt liver trauma.Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with blunt liver trauma were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent standardized spiral CT examination of the upper abdomen, which include plain scan, arterial phase and portal venous phase acquisition. The morphology, density and integrity of liver parenchyma and intrahepatic venous structures were carefully observed, as well as regions of porta hepatis, peritoneal cavity and retroperitoneal space.Results Twelve cases (70.6%) developed hepatic parenchymal laceration. There were 9 cases (52.9%) of traumatic hematoma, among which 5 were intraparenchymal and 4 were subcapsular. One case (5.9%) showed active bleeding within an intrahepatic hematoma, while two cases (11.8%) had injury (laceration) of hepatic veins. There were 7 patients (41.2%) who demonstrated the so-called “halo sign” around the intrahepatic portal branches. Thirteen patients were associated with peritoneal fluid (blood) collection, 3 with hematoma or hemorrhage of the right adrenal gland, 8 with plural effusion and 3 cases with rib fractures of right lower chest. Conclusion CT imaging findings of blunt liver trauma include parenchymal laceration, intraparenchymal and /or subcapsular hematomas, active hemorrhage, and tear of hepatic veins. Plain CT scan and contrast-enhanced dual-phase acquisition is very important for the comprehensive evaluation of patients with blunt liver trauma.