Objective　To make clear the effect of gastrointestinal tract ischemia on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Methods　The literature in the recent years was reviewed. Results　The low-flow states of gastrointestinal tract and decrease of gastrointestinal intramucosal pH, which occured following a variety of insults (sever trauma, hemorrhagic shock, et al), as well as overgrowth of enterobacteria, may result in a significant increase of permeability of bowel and lead to endotoxemia and bacterial translocation. Ischemia also resulted in release of TNF, IL-6 into the systemic circulation, dysfunction of gastrointestinal tract motility, and activation of neutrophile which was integral in local and distant organ damage. Conclusion　These data suggest that the management of correct ischemia of gastrointestinal tract, which include fluid infusion to replacement of blood volume, early enteral nutrition, improvement of gastrointestinal movement, could contribute to improve the intestinal barrier function, and prevent the development of MODS.

Objective　To array the small intestine so that the uncontrollable adhesions will turn to controllable abhesions in order to prevent the intestinal obstruction. Methods　Literatures were reviewed. The advance of plication of small intestine has passed through three stages: 1st, sewing the intestine just like the array of harpsichord keys; then, using straight needle with coarse threads to make a 'U' suture for the mesentery of small intestine so the intestine was arrayed, and 3rd inserting a Millers-Abbott tube into the lumen of small intestine followed by manual arrangement of the intestine. Results　Using the Millers-Abbott tube the intestine was fixed in a steady position and arrayed in a half moon circular shape to avoid sharp angle. As a result, the intra-luminal pressure of the intestinal was effectively decreased. Follow up 45 cases showed the cure rate of 91.9%. Conclusion　This operation has widely been accepted by the surgeons for its simplicity, high efficacy and reliability. It reduces the recurrence rate of adhesive obstruction.

Objective To discuss the mechanism of growth hormone (GH) in infection and its safety. Methods Advances in the application of GH in infection of recent years were reviewed. Results In infectious patients, GH may promote protein synthesis, strengthen the immunity of body, and protect the integrity of intestinal barrier function. But some patients present GH resistance. The safety of GH for infectious patients needs further evaluation. Conclusion GH may play a supplementary role in infection therapy, but further research is needed.

Objective To introduce the recent studies about the lymph node-targeted chemotherapy for gastric carcinoma. Methods The literatures on the lymph node-targeted chemotherapy for gastric carcinoma in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results The lymph node-targeted chemotherapy for gastric carcinoma was effective because it couled improve the drug concentrations in regional lymph node. Conclusion As a part of multiple treatments for gastric carcinoma, lymph node-targeted chemotherapy will be further developed.

Objective To investigate the relationship between methylation of tumor suppressor gene and gastric cancer. Methods The literatures in recent years about the concept of methylation, its biological significance and the relationship between DNA methylation/demethylation and gastric cancer were reviewed. The effects of methylation of different tumor suppressor genes on gastric cancer were also analyzed. Results The effect of aberrant methylation on the development and the progression of gastric cancer was still unclear but it was supposed that the inactivation of genes related with cell cycle regulation, mitotic checkpoint, apoptosis, DNA mismatch repair, metastasis suppression and so on might be attributable to the aberrant methylation in gastric cancer. Conclusion Aberrant methylation of tumor suppressor genes plays an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer. The status of methylation of tumor suppressor genes may be used as a useful molecule marker for diagnosis, assessing metastasis and evaluating prognosis, and demethylation could possibly be a new therapy for gastric cancer.

3 cm) were 69.4%(68 /98), 69.1%(67 /97) and 52.9%(36 /68), respectively, but not in benign disease and normal mammary gland specimens. The positive rates of VEGF-C in the centre and borderline of carcinoma in lymph node metastasis group 75.0%(51/68), 76.1%(51/67) were significantly higher than that of no metastasis group 25.0%(17/68),23.9%(16/67), P

Objective To evaluate the detection and localization of obscure lower gastrointestinal bleeding by using SPECT/CT and intraoperative endoscopy. Methods Twenty-six cases of patients with obscure lower gastrointestinal bleeding were analyzed retrospectively. Results The positive detection rate of SPECT/CT was 88.5%. All 26 patients (100%) were identified the bleeding source by using intraoperative endoscopy. No recurrence was found during 1-24 months follow-up. Conclusion SPECT/CT examination should be chosen firstly for patients with obscure lower gastrointestinal bleeding in order to localize the bleeding site roughly. Intraoperative endoscopy can localize the bleeding site accurately in patients who undergoes operation.

Objective To investigate the survival rate, voiding, sexual function after nerve-sparing surgery with extended systematic extraperitoneal lateral lymphadenectomy in lower rectal cancer. Methods Three hundreds and ninety-two cases with advanced lower rectal cancer who underwent nerve-sparing surgery with radical dissection from 1996 to 2000 were reviewed. Among them,173 cases only cleared in abdominal cavity,219 cases coupled with extraperitoneal lateral lymphadenectomy. Results The metastatic rate of lateral lymph node was 17.8%(39/219),the rate of non-modal foci of metastatic disease in lateral out of the abdominal cavity was 5.9%(13/219).Local recurrence rate, the abdominal cavity group was 16.2%(28/173); the coupled group was 9.6%(21/219), P

Objective To study liver regeneration of the non-ligated liver lobes following portal branch ligation (PBL). Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into PBL group and sham operation (SO) group. Under ether anesthesia, the rats were subjected to PBL and sham operation, respectively. The animals were sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 14th day respectively. The blood sample was collected from heart and the livers were harvested to determine serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and total liver weight, respectively. The hepatic histopathology was studied through light microscopy. The number of liver cell nuclear mitosis index was counted. The number of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index was counted by immunohistochemistry. The hepatic ultrastructural changes were studied under electron microscope. Results Elevated serum ALT level was observed in the first postoperative day in PBL group compared with SO group (P

Objective To investigate the effect of N~G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, on the growth of colorectal cancer xenografts in vivo and on tumor-associated neovascularization. Methods Twenty BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into control group and study group equally. Human colorectal cancer cell line SL174T was inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice to form transplantation tumors. Saline 0.2 ml was intragastric-administrated to mice in control group and L-NAME (4 mg toties guoties) was administrated orally to mice in study group three times per week for four weeks. The changes of tumors in both groups were recorded and the microvessel density (MVD) was also measured by immunohistochemistry assay. Results L-NAME significantly inhibited the growth of colorectal cancer xenografts in nude mice. The weight of transplantation tumor reduced with the inhibitory rate of 41.36%, and the inhibitory rate of tumor volume was 43.48 % in study group. MVD in the study group and control group were 14.83?2.10 and 21.04?3.11, respectively, which showed that the former was significantly lower than that of the control group (P