Objective To investigate and analyze structure of risk perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing services and related factors.Method Two hundred and sixty eight VCT users were selected from 2 CDCs and 2 hospitals in Beijing and their perceived risks in the process of VCT were assessed by using self-administered question- naires.Factor analysis was performed to understand the relationship between different perceived risks,and risks perceived by different users were evaluated.Results Six factors were obtained from the factor analysis which included:fear of priva- cy disclosure,embarrassment,concern over the reliability of HIV tests,cost & time consumption,the tragic outcomes of HIV positive tests,and potential medical expenditures in the future.And the risks perceived by low and high income users were much higher than those perceived by middle income users.Conclusion There are clear structure of risks perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing,and people with different incomes have different levels of perceived risks.

Objective To analyze behavior of having multiple sexual partners among outside school adolescents and the impact factors in one county.Method Participatory method was adopted in the survey,trainees of an occupational training center were trained to investigate their peers with anonymous questionnaires.Results The subjects who had more than 3 sexual partners accounted for 38.3%,and the factors related to multiple sexual partners were complicated.The most im- portant protective factor was to raise level of HIV/AIDS related knowledge (OR=0.85);the key risk factors were: promiscuous behaviors (OR=4.91) and prostitution(OR=3.37) among their friends.Conclusion For reducing behav- ior of having multiple sexual partners among outside school adolescents,it is essential to promote HIV/AIDS related health education and to enhance their ability to respond to pressures from their bad peers.

Objective To develop the Chinese version of the 35-item Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) and to assess the reliability and validity of MOS-HIV among HIV-infected individuals.Methods Between April and July of 2007,a croas-sectional survey of 758 HIV-infected individuals was conducted.Responses to the MOS- HIV were analyzed for its reliability and validity.Results Pearson's correlation coefficients of items for test-retest relia- bility ranged from 0.46-0.92,all internal consistency reliability coefficients exceeded 0.69,and all items were more strongly correlated with hypothesized scale than any other scale.Eight scales of MOS-HIV were significantly associated with CD_4 cell counts.Conclusions The Chinese version of MOS-HIV offers good reliability and validity and can be used as a tool to assess the quality of life of HIV infected individuals in China,thus providing evidence for further studying AIDS related quality of life in this country.

Objective To discuss the relationship between the infection of Ureaplasma Urealyticum(Uu) and Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) and male sterility.Methods To detect 476 specimens of sperm by FQ-PCR,326 specimens were collected from sterile men(sterility group) and 150 specimens from normal men(control group).Results The total detection rate of Uu and Ct was 49.69% in sterility group,being significantly higher than 16.67% in control group(?~2=46.98,P

Objective To understand the situation of sexual behavior and STD in floating population attending STD clinics Methods Floating population in STD clinics were investigated by questionnaires.Results Sexual behavior rate was 60.0% in unmarried floating population.Sexual behavior rate was 47.6% before marriage at the first sexual time.46.8% of the patients had more than 2 sex partners,and the rate of condom use among them was under 50%.STD prevalence rate was 37.1%,Re-infection rate was 12.2% accounting for 32.8% in all investigated STD patients.Conclusions It is importent to standardize service in STD clinics,provide health information,raise prevention knowledge,change their sexual attitude,advocate safety sexual behavior in various ways in high risk groups.

Objective To investigate knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers with respect to HIV/AIDS in Fugong County,Nujiang District and to highlight the difficulties facing local healthcare workers in HIV/AIDS health education in order to help them improve their skills and capability of health education through participatory learning.(note:the major inhabitants in NuJiang are the Lisu ethnic).Methods A survey with questionnaires was carried out before starting a HIV/AIDS health education training course for healthcare workers in Fugong County.Then an interactive and participative HIV/AIDS training was provided for these healthcare workers.A post-training survey was followed.Results Before the training course,the score of HIV/AIDS related knowledge was 56.71 on average.The average score increased to 83.93 after the participatory HIV/AIDS health education,(by SPSS analysis).Such an increase was obviously associated with their participation in the training course.The knowledge the participants learned during the training course was effectively used for conducting health education among local inhabitants.Conclusion We found that a participatory/interactive HIV health education training course is useful in raising the awareness and understanding of HIV/AIDS among healthcare workers in areas such as Fugong.We encourage more efforts to hold such courses in order to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS.

Objective To study the epidemiological patterns of HIV infection prevalent in HongKong.Method The epidemiological patterns of HIV infection in HongKong were analyzed with a mathematic model SI by changing its initial condition,which was used to test the related data.Results The changeable patterns of susceptible accumulative numbers of HIV infection in HongKong and the epidemiological curves and the curve of infection velocity were obtained.Conclusion The epidemic pattern of HIV infection in Hongkong and local infection velocity from 1987 to 2004 were well described using the epidemic model SI.An accumulation of 2 733 cases of HIV infection will be predicted in the year of 2005.The epidemic peak occurred in 2002 to 2004 and the overall HIV epidemic will last for 50 years approximately.

Objective To investigate HIV infection via sex in Xinjiang,in order to provide guidance for the formulation of strategy to control and prevent sexual transmission of HIV.Methods Vistiors to 15 STD clinics in 5 cities of Xinjiang were asked to take blood and to be tested for HIV and RPR.At the same time,medical workers carried out the designed investigation.Result A total of 2 499 STD outpatients were investigated,among whom 28 samples were confirmed to be HIV positive and 145 samples were RPR positive;the infection rate was 1.12% and 5.80%,respectively,with male being 0.97% and female being 1.37% in the positive samples.The Han nationality had 8 HIV positive samples,and the Uygur nationality had 20 positive samples,with the positive rate being 0.44% and 3.49%,respectively.The Han nationality had 66 and the uygur had 79 in RPR positive samples,the positive rate being 3.66% and 13.79%,respectively.In 212 cases of syphilis 4 samples were HIV positive,the infection rate being 1.89%;in 420 cases of GU 10 samples were HIV positive,the infection rate being 2.38%.Our behavioral surveys found that those who 100% used condoms in their sex activities were free of HIV infection,while those who never used condoms had a high ratee of infection,up to 2.77%.Conclusion Sex transmission is becoming an important route of spreading HIV infection in Xinjiang,and therefore it is essential to strengthen serological and behavioral surveillance for high risk population and implement effective interventions for them.

Objective To probe into the characteristics of men who have sex with men living in small-medium sized cities and provide scientific foundation for the formulation of strategy for AIDS prevention and control.Methods A qualitative survey was carried out by convenience sampling for thirty one selected MSM.Results Interviewees had a large age gap,widely different occupations and various degrees of education;they depended mainly on internet and friends' contacts to find their sex partners;their knowledge about HIV/STDs was poor and they were indifferent to the risk of AIDs,but were faced with enormous psychological pressure.Multiple sex partners,unprotected anal intercourse were their main high risk behaviors,and they hoped to have access to free condoms,free HIV detection and hot line consultation.Conclusion To implement prevention in an effective manner,close attention should be paid to the role of key persons within the MSM group,to increasing knowledge of the target population,to protecting their mental health and to creating a friendly social environment for their existence and effective use of internet.

Objective To study the natural history of HIV infection among paid blood donors(PBD).Methods Two thousand three hundred and sixty four individuals infected with HIV/AIDS via blood donation in twelve villages of Henan province were included in this study,Retrospective data were analyzed in combination with a cross-sectional survey.Results The number of deaths were 709 among these 2 364 subjects under study by the end of 2004,with a mortality rate of 30.1%.Among 712 deaths,32.8% were companied with serious lung infections,18.1% were complicated with serious diarrhea,8.2%-with central nervous infections,8.2%-with cirrhosis,6.6%-with various types of cancers,3% died of suicide and 23% died with unclear cause.Of them 544 AIDS patients died before the ARV treatment was available in rural areas of Henan at the end of 2002,with a mortality rate of 23.0%.The median survival period for individuals with HIV infection was 9.5 years,and the median incubation period was about 8.5 years.Conclusion The median aurvival period for individuals with HIV infection via blood donation in rural areas of Henan was 9.5 years and the median incubation period was about 8.5 years among them.