It analyzes the significance and value of prioritizing health development,explains the basic connotation and core meaning of prioritizing health development,and puts forward the framework of the system of prioritizing health development.It proposes that health priority development is a collection of a series of ideas,systems and development models that arrange health as a priority in a country's economic and social development.The system of health priority development refers to a unified whole composed of all kinds of systems or behavior rules that are conducive to promoting and protecting residents'health.Healthy civilization,healthy promotion society and health impact assessment system are building blocks of system construction.

Objective:To construct a value evaluation framework for high-value medical consumables,providing a guidance for medical insurance access and hospital access management scenarios in China.Methods:It conducted literature review,qualitative in-terviews and quantitative surveys.A total of 12 experts were invited for qualitative interviews,while 100 experts from four fields of health technology assessment,medical insurance,hospital management,and clinical practice participated in the quantitative survey.Through those process,it generated the composition of the value framework and the scoring of each item.Differences in ratings be-tween different scenarios and experts were analyzed through chi-square tests.The recommendation level for each item was graded.Re-sults:A comprehensive value evaluation framework for high-value medical consumables was established,which included 6 core dimen-sions,comprised 16 items for secondary dimensions and 50 items for tertiary dimensions.It showed significant differences between the medical insurance access and hospital access scenarios,as well as among different fields of experts in the same scenario.furthermore,grading the items in two scenarios.The medical insurance access scenario had 8 highly recommended items,and the hospital access scenario had 24 highly recommended items.Conclusion:Value evaluation should encourage multi-dimensional assessments and inter-disciplinary participation,continually improving the management of high-value medical consumables in medical insurance and hospital access.

Health finance is an important part of the public financial system.Based on literature review and field survey,it analyzes how to further understand the relationship between financial health input policy and national governance under the perspective of national governance,and explores the current situation of financial health input in China,the problems existing in the current input policy and the methods to improve it,so as to provide references for relevant departments to improve China's government health invest-ment policy.

Objective:It analyzes the mechanism of volume-price linkage and volume-for-price widely used in China medical reform.Methods:Based on the principle of economics,it analyzes the pursuit of volume and price by both supply and demand sides in pharmaceutical procurement transactions,explores the conditions for the realization of volume-price linkage and volume-for-price exchange,and analyzes and corroborates the issue based on centralized bidding and procurement and national negotiated access.Results:Keeping the balance of supply&demand is a key to fulfill volume-price linkage policy.Volume-price linkages and volume-for-price exchanges are not inevitable,and often require measures to reduce supply costs before they can be expected to mate-rialize.Conclusion:Comprehensive institutional arrangement was essential for volume-price linkage and volume-for-price.

Objective:To explore the implementation effect and problems of the policy of encouraging generic drug list in China,in order to further improve the policy of generic drug list.Methods:The selection principle of encouraging generic drug list in China,the characteristics and implementation status of included drugs,and the existing problems are analyzed.Results:The therapeutic fields of drugs included in the two batches of catalogs are relatively concentrated in the nervous system,respiratory system,tumor,en-docrine and metabolic diseases and infectious diseases.Among the 50 drugs,there are 24 new applications for generic drugs,2 drugs are included in the priority review,19are approved for listing,and 20 are included in the medical insurance catalog.At present,there are still problems in the development of the two batches of catalogs,such as the ineffective implementation of the second batch of cata-log policies,the phenomenon of"polarization"in the research and development of some generic drugs,the lack of priority review sys-tem,and the coordination and linkage between departments to be strengthened.Conclusion:It is necessary to improve the system de-sign,strengthen the selection management of reference preparations,improve the supporting incentive measures,mobilize the enthusi-asm of enterprises in research and development,dynamically adjust the generic drug catalog,and strengthen the coordination and link-age of departments.

The reform on the outpatient coordination of Employee Medical Insurance is very important in the field of medical secu-rity.It sorts out the design of outpatient treatment in areas where general outpatient coordination has been carried out before the na-tional reform of outpatient security launched in 2021,summarizes the institutional design and main characteristics of"two lines and one ratio",and provides a decision-making basis for further promoting the reform of total outpatient security in various regions.

Objective:To conduct stakeholder identification and problem analysis of inclusive health insurance participation in rare disease coverage based on the stakeholder perspective.Methods:A literature review and a Mitchell scale were used to identify,categorize,and analyze the relationship among the stakeholders,and qualitative interviews were conducted with identified stakeholders to explore their demands,positioning,and barriers to participation in inclusive health insurance.Results:The Healthcare Security Ad-ministration,Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission,and the primary insurer were the most influential"identified stakehold-ers"in the development of inclusive health insurance.A total of 63 concepts were coded,and the stakeholders were analyzed and de-scribed in categories of claims,roles,strengths,difficulties,and behavioral strategies.Conclusion:There were differences in the de-mands of the stakeholders,lack of clarity of roles,and lack of effective synergy.

Objective:Taking a tertiary public hospital in Tianjin as an example,to sort out the internal mechanism of the influence of the total budget management mode of regional points method on medical expenses,and to deeply study the effect of the adaptive management measures to be taken by medical institutions on cost control under the background of reform.It provides references for optimizing hospital management measures and development path.Methods:Based on CIMO framework,the overall situation of total budget management policy of regional points method in Tianjin was analyzed,and the system structure of the impact of reform on medical cost control in public hospitals was presented.Based on the system dynamics theory,the SD model of public hospital cost control under the method of regional points was further constructed.Different management measures were selected as targets and interventions were carried out to quantitatively study the control situation and development trend of medical expenses in medical institutions.Results:After targeted intervention,cost accounting,performance assessment,information construction,path standardization and medical record quality control,the decreasing trend of the amount of medical expenses and the actual burden of patients was strengthened to a certain extent,and the influence on the latter was stronger.Among them,information construction,path specification,cost accounting has a greater impact.Conclusions:Strengthen the consensus and cooperation of multi-department management,innovate the work flow and timely data feedback analysis,and adjust the performance management plan of medical staff according to the related indicators of medical insurance.

Objective:The price of medical services is related to the vital interests of the people.It aims to explore the policy dif-fusion characteristics of medical service prices in China,and promote the reform of medical service prices.Methods:Based on the theory of policy diffusion,it conducts text measurement and content analysis on 440 central and provincial policies in China from 2000 to 2022.The diffusion of medical service price policies is analyzed from three dimensions:time,space,and content.Keyword temporal analysis was used to deeply explain the diffusion mode and mechanism of medical service price policies.Results:In terms of time dimension,the diffusion of medical service pricing policies in China generally follows a"ladder shaped"trajectory of"slow-fast-slow-fast alternation"in speed;in terms of spatial dimension,there are differences in the enthusiasm of policy adoption among provincial governments in China,and policy diffusion has a proximity effect;in terms of content dimension,China's medical service pricing policy focuses on three aspects:institutional norms,specific regulations,and external environment.Conclusion:The price of medical services in China has the characteristics of a top-down hierarchical diffusion model in policy diffusion,as well as a parallel diffusion model between departments and regions at the same level.

Medical service price reflects the value and the financial compensation for medical services.The medical service price reform plays an important role in optimizing the allocation of medical resources and transforming the operating mechanism of public hospitals.The pricing of medical services should take many factors into consideration such as the characteristics of medical service,service markets,service costs,supply and demand relationships,medical insurance payment policies,compensation mechanisms,and so on.In response to the current situation of price management methods and price levels for medical service in China,various pricing methods such as cost-based pricing,price-regulation pricing,and demand-oriented pricing should be comprehensively utilized to ex-plore a pricing mechanism that separates medical service value from medical service price,human resource value from material con-sumption value,and build a medical service pricing system that could be coordinated with policy objectives.