No abstract available.
Cholesterol* ; Granuloma* ; Temporal Bone*

No abstract available.
Audiometry, Speech* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

No abstract available.
Complement System Proteins* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

BACKGROUND: Although the superior reperfusion and improved clinical outcome following angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been well known, 10 to 15% of reinfarction and recurrent ischemia in hospital are main limitation of primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). This study was undertaken to examine the safety and feasibility of stent-supported primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Between July 1995 and Jun. 1997, 32 patients underwent direct or rescue PTCA, including patients with cardiogenic shock. After PTCA, stenting was attempted in patient with dissection or having more than 30% of residual stenosis. Result: In patient with direct PTCA, angiographic success rate was obtained in 91% (30/32). Stenting was attempted in 15 of 30 patients. These patients had suboptimal results (8 patients), non-occlusive dissection (3 patients) and acute occlusion (2 patient). Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow was restored in 28 patients (93%). In one patient no-reflow phenomena was observed following stent insertion. Despite intra-aortic balloon pumping, there was one death during the hopitalization due to cardiogenic shock following PTCA. Subacute stent thrombosis developed in two patients. 27 patients (90%) were event-free and clinically improved through out the follow up period (11.5+/-5.2 month). Quantitative angiography showed excellent angiographic result after stenting compared with balloon PTCA (2.4+/-0.6 mm vs. 3.4+/-0.3 mm p<0.01). CONCLUSION: After failure of initial angioplasty, coronary stenting can be a supportive therapeutic strategy. Coronary stenting results in a high degree of angiographic success, a low incidence of subacute thrombosis.
Angiography ; Angioplasty* ; Angioplasty, Balloon* ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Reperfusion ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Stents ; Thrombosis

For young children with scoliosis before growth spurt, suhcutaneous lengthening without fusion was designed by Harrington and modified by Moe and Luque. However, many problems including spontaneous fusion, rod breakage, and hook disloclgement have been ohserved. CotrelDubousset(CD) instrumentation was sometimes used, but it usually resulted in failure due to soft tissue adhesion around the rough surface of ordinary CD rod. We tried to use the smooth CD rod, transvcrse-pedicle clawing on the upper part, and pedicle screw inscrtion on upper and lower part of the curve to reduce the hardware failures. Among 8 patients in whom suhcutaneous lengthening with smooth CD rod was carried out hetween October l992 and Suly 1996. 4 cases perfomed with final spinal fusion were analysed. There were I central core disease, 1 multicore disease and 2 idiopathic scoliosis(infantile and juvenile type). Mean age at the first operation was l0.0(8.8-11.8) years, and the Risser sign was all grade 0 except one with grade 1. Suhcutaneous lengthening was performed every 5 or 6 months Mean lengthening duration was 22(9-39) months and mean age at spinal fusion was 11.7(9.6-13.8) years. Mean Cobb angle decreased from 7ldegrees (55degrees-88degrees) at preoperative stage to 32 (10degrees-59degrees) at the last follow-up. There were 5 complications during 21 operations, and three hardware failures comprised 2 hook dislodgcment and 1 screw pull-out. Crankshaft phenomenon happened in I case who had had a posterior fusion in young age(9.6 years) due to laminar fracture. The suhcutaneous lengthening with smooth CD rod can he another option of treatment for young children with severe scoliosis. prescrving the powth potential of involved vertebrae with few complications.
Animals ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hoof and Claw ; Humans ; Myopathy, Central Core ; Scoliosis* ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine ; Tissue Adhesions

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions performed by public health nurses in health centers. METHOD: Data was collected by the taxonomy of Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC 3rd: 486 nursing interventions) from 131 public health nurses in health centers and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULT: As its result, more than 50% of public health nurses performed 137 nursing interventions at least monthly. The most frequently used intervention class was 'activity and exercise management', followed by 'physical comfort promotion', 'community health promotion', 'life span care', 'coping assistance', 'Self care facilitation', 'information management', 'nutrition support', 'community risk management' and 'patient education'. One hundred twenty nursing interventions were rarely performed by 90% or more of the nurses. Most of them were the physical complex domain. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, 137 interventions were performed by public health nurses at least monthly. NIC is helpful to build a standardized language for public health nursing.
Hospitals, Community ; Humans ; Nursing Care/*classification/*statistics & numerical data ; *Nursing Informatics ; Public Health Nursing/*statistics & numerical data ; Terminology as Topic

Transglutaminase (TGase) isoenzymes are involved in the process of the differentiation and cornification of keratinocytes in the epidermis. This study investigates the presence and localization of three TGase isoenzymes to elucidate the nature and differentiation status of the squamous epithelium in human aural cholesteatoma. Twenty cholesteatoma specimens were used. The presence and localization of three TGase isoenzymes were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression of three TGase isoenzymes were detected in the tested cholesteatomas with variable levels. The immunohistochemical staining patterns of three TGase isoenzymes showed variations within specimens, relating to keratinizing activity. TGase K is the most abundant among three isoenzymes. Keratinizing epithelium of cholesteatoma have similar expression profiles of TGase isoenzymes with those of epidermis of the skin. Other areas, particularly those showing non-keratinizing epithelium, showed weak immunostaining of TGase E and C, suggesting its different maturation status from keratinizing epithelium. The results of this study indicate that epithelium of cholesteatoma undergoes same direction of maturation and differentiation characteristics as the epidermis of skin, evidenced by similar expressions of TGases both in mRNA level and immunohistochemistry.
Cell Differentiation ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/genetics ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/enzymology* ; Comparative Study ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epidermis/enzymology ; Epithelial Cells/enzymology ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Keratinocytes/enzymology ; Protein-Glutamine gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism* ; Protein-Glutamine gamma-Glutamyltransferase/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

The purpose of this study was to compare differences in role conflict, self efficacy, job satisfaction, and job involvement perceived by school nutrition teachers and dietitians. A total of 335 female school nutrition teachers and dietitians from Incheon area were surveyed by a self-report questionnaire in November 2010. Collected data were processed using SPSS 15.0. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested and differences between the two groups were analyzed using the Student's t-test, the chi-square test, and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The job satisfaction level of nutrition teachers was higher than that of dietitians. The effect of role conflict and job satisfaction for nutrition teachers and dietitians was different according to age. In addition, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and job involvement of nutrition teachers and dietitians were influenced by their annual salaries. The frequency of meals served also affected role conflict, job satisfaction, and job involvement of the nutrition teachers and dietitians, and the effect of job involvement by the nutrition teachers and dietitians was different according to meal service type. Therefore, it is necessary to establish strategies for resolving role conflicts among school foodservice specialists and improve their self-efficacy for enhancing consumer's satisfaction with the general quality of school food service. These efforts may contribute to job satisfaction and job involvement of food service specialists and ultimately to the productivity of food service and the establishment of food service specialist roles.
Efficiency ; Female ; Food Services ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Self Efficacy ; Specialization

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of constipation, bowel habits and nutrient intakes of college students. The subjects were 353 college students (166 males and 187 females) aged 19 to 29 years in Incheon area. The subjects were asked about bowel habits and dietary intake using questionnaires during march, 2008 and the prevalence of functional constipation (FC) was based on the Rome II criteria. The prevalence of FC in male and female students was 12.7% and 28.9%, respectively. The prevalence of self-reported constipation in male and female students was 12.0% and 36.9%, respectively. Both were higher in female students compared to male students. Among the subjects that have self-reported constipation, proportions of FC were 35.0% in male students and 55.1% in female students. Of subjects that did not self-reported constipation, the proportions of FC were 9.6% in male students and 13.6% in female students. Over 90% of respondents that self-reported constipation in male students, had neither visited a hospital and nor used laxatives or functional foods for constipation relief. Seventy five point three percent of male students, and 40.1% of female students, had a defecation frequency of over 5 times per week (p < 0.001). Ratios intaken under the estimated average requirement (EAR) of Vit A, Vit C, folic acid and Ca were over the 50% regardless of functional constipation. Mean daily consumption of total dietary fiber was 15.0 g/day in male students and 13.5 g/day in female students. According to these results, both functional constipation and self-reported constipation are more frequent in female college students and further studies are required in case-control study and related to psychological factors as well as nutrients to relieve of constipation.
Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Constipation ; Defecation ; Dietary Fiber ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Laxatives ; Male ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rome

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Psychological distress may develop from tinnitus, or that recognition of tinnitus may even be greater during exposure to environmental stress. So, patients with tinnitus need to consider the psychologic aspect in their diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree and characteristics of the psychologic factors associated in patients undergoing tinnitus retraining therapy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 119 patients with tinnitus who received the Symptom Check List-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) and a control group without tinnitus were compared first; and then 92 out of 119 patients performed the follow up study after three months of tinnitus retraining therapy. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. The tinnitus group scored higher than the control group in somatization, anxiety, phobic anxiety (p<0.05). 2. The gender difference, age, duration, position, hearing, and Feldmann masking curve of tinnitus were not related to the psychologic status of patients with tinnitus (p>0.05). 3. The psychologic aspect of patients with tinnitus were related to loudness, pitch, annoyance (p<0.05). 4. The follow-up study of 3 months on patients who underwent tinnitus retraining therapy showed diminished score in all components of SCL-90-R, except phobic anxiety, and paranoid (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study indicated that the compliant behaviour of tinnitus is related closely with intrinsic psychodynamic mechanism.
Anxiety ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing ; Humans ; Masks ; Psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tinnitus*