PURPOSE: This paper investigates the correlation of the electroretinogram (ERG) with fluorescein angiography (FAG) and the color vision test among those who have acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). METHODS: The study was performed with 30 patients who had one CSCR-affected eye but the other unaffected. RESULTS: ERG showed that the b-wave amplitudes in the affected eyes decreased significantly compared to those in the unaffected eyes (P<0.05) and that there were no significant changes in a-wave or implicit time. FAG revealed that the b-wave amplitude decreased significantly when the leaking point was within a distance of 1/4 disk diameter from the fovea center, compared to when it was more distant (P<0.05). The amplitude also reduced significantly when the size of retinal detachment was more than 1 disk diameter compared to when it was less (P<0.05). The affected eyes which showed abnormality in color vision test decreased significantly a- and b-waves compared to the unaffected eyes in the test (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In acute CSCR patients, the correlation of ERG with FAG showing size of retinal detachment, the location of leaking point and the color vision test was statistically significant. Therefore, ERG could be used to assess the affecting degree of the disease.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Color Vision* ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescein* ; Humans ; Retinal Detachment

85 cases of neurosyphilis were observed in Seoul National University Hospital over 6-year period (1979-1984). They were analyzed with respect to clinical symptoms and signs in individual types, serological data in both blood and CSF, changes of cytochemical compositions in CSF, and other significant findings. And some coparisons with other reports were made. They ranged from 22 to 66 years in age with the peak incidence in the forties (41%). Ratio of male to female was observed to be 4.3:1. There were 27 cases of asymptomatic neurosyphilis (NS) (32%), 14 cases of tabes dorsalis (16%), 18 cases of general paresis (21%), 2 cases of taboparesis (2%), 7cases of vascular NS (8%), 6 cases of meningeal NS (7%), 4 cases of syphilitic eight nerve involvement (5%), 4 cases of late syphilitic ocular involvement including optic atrophy (5%), and 3 cases of spinal form (4%). Except in 4 self-referral cases, alimentary system symptoms or illnesses were the main prolbems in asymptomatic neurosyphilitics (48%). Most symptomatic cases had the similar clinical pictures as described in the previous reports but some cases appeared to be combined with symptoms and signs of different types. In tabes dorsalis, patients presented paresthesia and hypoactive DTRs in lower limbs as the most frequent features. According to predominant manifestations, there were 4 cases of dementic form and 14 cases of psychotic form in general paresis but in most cases both features overlapped each other. In 8 cases of general paresis brain CT scans were performed, which revealed diffuse cerebral atrophy in five. Focal abnormalities of vascular NS were most frequently found in temporal areas (4 in 7 cases). Meningeal irritation signs were observed only in one among 6 cases 6 meningeal NS. All cases of eighth nerve involvement showed sensorineural hearing loss at high-tone level. Compared with TPHA, which was used as a criterion for the patient selection, VDRL reactivity was 98% in serum and 49% in CSF. It is notable that as for general paresis and meningeal NS, higher reactivity and elevated titers of CSF VDRL were associated with increase of cells and total protein in CSF, suggesting higher disease activity in both types. Unlike those from other countries, the domestic studies including this report show that general paresis occupies a relatively higher proportion than tabes dorsalis in Korea.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Digestive System ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Neurosyphilis* ; Optic Atrophy ; Paresthesia ; Patient Selection ; Seoul ; Tabes Dorsalis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: The majority of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from atopic eczema skin produce toxins like enterotoxin B or toxic shock syndrome toxin-1(TSST-1) as a superantigen and these toxins may contribute to the exacerbation of this skin disease. OBJECTIVE: We designed this study in order to investigate the effect of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 on IL-4, interleukin-10(IL-10), interleukin-12(IL-12) and IFN- r production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal and atopic patients. METHODS: Peripheral mononuclear cells obtained from ten patients with severe atopic dermatitis and ten healthy volunteers were stimulated with TSST-1 and cultured for 4 days. The amount of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN- r in the culture supernatants were determined by a solid-phase enzyme- linked immunosorbant assay. RESULTS: l. After stimulation with TSST-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and INF- r, production of peripheral mononuclear cells from both atopic patients and healthy volunteers were increased. 2. After stimulation with TSST-1, the amount of IFN- r in the culture supernatants was significantly greater in the healthy controls than in the atopic patients. 3. After stimulation with TSST-1, the amount of IL-10 in the culture supernatants was significantly greater in the healthy controls than in the atopic patients. CONCLUSION: This data indicates that TSST-1 induces Thl-type and Th2-type cytokines associated with parallel Thl and Th2 stimulation in atopic patients and healthy donors. In addition, peripheral mononuclear cells from atopic patients have a diminished capacity to synthesize IFN- r and IL-10 in vitro in response to stimulation with TSST-1. Our results suggest that TSST-1 is not considered as a really important aggravating factor in atopic dermatitis.
Cytokines ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Enterotoxins ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma* ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukins* ; Shock, Septic* ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Tissue Donors*

No abstract available.
Metatarsal Bones* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction*

No abstract available.
External Fixators*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy on accommodative power. METHODS: The study groups consisted of 30 eyes after buckling and 30 eyes after pars plana vitrectomy. Each control group comprised 30 eyes. Accommodative power, pupil diameter and anterior chamber depth were measured and the correlation coefficient to accommodative power was calculated. RESULTS: There was no statistical significance in the buckling group. In the pars plana vitrectomy and control groups, the accommodative powers were 4.03 +/- 2.30D and 2.26 +/- 2.70D (p<0.05), and the pupil diameters were 3.07 +/- 1.06 mm and 3.99 +/- 2.71 mm (p<0.05), respectively. Age and pupil diameter had a significant correlation coefficient in all groups (r>0.8 or r<-0.8). CONCLUSIONS: After pars plana vitrectomy, the accommodative power was increased, which suggested that the anatomical and structural change of the vitreous after pars plana vitrectomy influences the accommodative power.
Anterior Chamber ; Pupil ; Scleral Buckling* ; Vitrectomy*

This clinical study was made on 505 cases with anemia and 34 cases with severe anemia among 2021 patients hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans university Hospital for recent five years from 1973 to 1977. 1) The incidence of anemia was 25.0% The incidence of severe anemia was 1.7% 2) The anemia occurred more often in male than female (1.8 : 1) The ratio of severe anemia was higher in male (2.8 : 1) 3) The age distribution was late childhood (6 to 12 years of age), preschool children (2 to 6 years of age), infancy (1 month to 2 years of age) in frequency. The severe anemia was frequent in preschool children and late childhood. 4) The causes of anemia were infection, iron deficiency anemia, acute hemorrhage in order. The causes of severe anemia were leukemia, acute hemorrhage, infection in order. 5) Mild anemia occurred almost in non-hematologic diseases. Severe anemia occurred in hematologic and non-hematologic diseases equally. 6) In the hematologic diseases, the incidence of mild anemia was high in iron deficiency anemia, and the incidence of severe anemia was high in leukemia, aplastic anemia in order.
Age Distribution ; Anemia* ; Anemia, Aplastic ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; Male ; Pediatrics

Two cases of spontaneous kidney rupture with literatural review was presented at first in Korea. 1) 56 years male patient and 25 years male patient admitted to our department of Urology through Emergency Room after onset of 2 and 1 day. after treatment at local clinic. 2) Chief complaints were one side flank pain which was followed by total gross hematuria. 3) Preoperative diagnoses were kidney rupture due to necrotic pelvic tumor in 56 years male and hypernephroma in 25 years male patient. 4) Operation was procedured at 8 days and 4 days after admission respectively. 5) The operative procedure were nephrectomy in both cases. 6) The pathological diagnoses were pelvis rupture due to renal stone and parenchymal rupture due to renal infarction in each case.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Infarction ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Pelvis ; Rupture ; Rupture, Spontaneous* ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Urology

Isolated hydroceohalus is an uncommon entity wihch results from obstruction of the level of the foramen of Monnro. We have recently expierience three cases of isolated loculations of the lateral ventricle cause by intraventricular hemorrhage and ventriculitis. All patients were treated sucessfully using one or multiple shunts.
Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles*

Isolated hydroceohalus is an uncommon entity wihch results from obstruction of the level of the foramen of Monnro. We have recently expierience three cases of isolated loculations of the lateral ventricle cause by intraventricular hemorrhage and ventriculitis. All patients were treated sucessfully using one or multiple shunts.
Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles*