In this article, the statement of ethical statement about animal experiment was omitted.

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by chronic airway inflammation resulting in airflow limitation. They include various phenotypes and endotypes in their disease entities. For that reason, they lack proper biomarkers and epoch-making progresses in treatment nowadays. Healthy airway has been believed to be sterile traditionally. However, with the help of nonculture sequencing techniques, researchers discovered that it is full of the commensal and symbiotic microbial flora. Therefore, microbiome has emerged as a possible biomarker and a clue to understand the pathogenesis of airway disease. Microbiome research in asthma has focused on the association between characteristics of microbiome, such as composition and diversity. However, now it refers to the role of microbiome, including Proteobacteria, in the development and pathogenesis of asthma and allergic diseases. Microbiome research in COPD has revealed its different composition according to the existence and severity of the disease. Also, differences in microbiome composition according to exacerbation state or specific treatment of COPD are reported. Therefore, many researchers pay attention to the possible role of microbiome as a biomarker or a treatment target in asthma and COPD. Herein, we review recent studies on microbiome research in asthma and COPD.
Asthma* ; Biomarkers ; Inflammation ; Microbiota* ; Phenotype ; Proteobacteria ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Research Design

Many patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have overlapping characteristics of both diseases. By spirometric definition, patients with both fixed airflow obstruction (AO) and bronchodilator reversibility or fixed AO and bronchial hyperresponsiveness can be considered to have asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). However, patients regarded to have ACOS by spirometric criteria alone are heterogeneous and can be classified by phenotype. Eosinophilic inflammation, a history of allergic disease, and smoke exposure are important components in the classification of ACOS. Each phenotype has a different underlying pathophysiology, set of characteristics, and prognosis. Medical treatment for ACOS should be tailored according to phenotype. A narrower definition of ACOS that includes both spirometric and clinical criteria is needed.
Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Asthma/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung/drug effects/*physiopathology ; Phenotype ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; Spirometry ; Syndrome ; Terminology as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Prevalence* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*

Angioleiomyoma is a rare disease that is histologically characterized by smooth muscle cells arranged around vascular spaces. Although angioleiomyomas occur rarely in the head and neck region, they can cause various symptoms according the site involved. Here, we present a 44-year-old male patient with a 15-year history of asthma, who presented with recent onset of chest discomfort, globus sensation and throat pain. Medication was not effective in relieving his symptoms, and further evaluation revealed a polypoid ovoid mass, almost obstructing the airway at the border of the larynx and upper trachea on chest computed tomography. The mass was completely resected via a rigid bronchoscopy procedure. Histopathologic examination revealed that the excised mass was angioleiomyoma, which was immunohistochemically positive for smooth muscle actin and negative for desmin.
Actins ; Adult ; Angiomyoma* ; Asthma* ; Bronchoscopy ; Desmin ; Head ; Humans ; Larynx ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Neck ; Pharynx ; Rare Diseases ; Sensation ; Thorax ; Trachea*

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a clinical manifestation that consists of multiple organ dysfunction due to fat emboli. FES occurs as a complication after trauma or procedures such as surgery. The diagnostic criteria of FES have not yet been established, so clinical criteria are used for its diagnosis. The clinical course of acute fulminant FES can be rapid. Liposuction surgery, in which adipocytes are mechanically disrupted, is one cause of FES. As the number of liposuction surgeries increases, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of FES. This was the first report of a case of acute fulminant FES with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome after liposuction surgery, in Korea.
Adipocytes ; Diagnosis ; Embolism, Fat* ; Korea ; Lipectomy* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult

Lung function reportedly declines with age and that this decline is accelerated during disease progression. However, a recent study showed that the decline might peak in the mild and moderate stage. The prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be improved if the disease is diagnosed in its early stages, prior to the peak of decline in lung function. This article reviews recent studies on early COPD and the possibility of applying the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation 2008 and 2015 for early detection of COPD in Korea.
Advisory Committees ; Disease Progression ; Early Diagnosis ; Health Planning Guidelines ; Korea ; Lung ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*

Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by nodules composed of infiltrating capillary blood vessels. Herein, we describe a case of a PCH-like lesion that was detected by chest computed tomography. Transthoracic needle aspiration resulted in life-threatening hemorrhage. The patient was followed for seven years. He remained in good health and a follow up image showed little interval change.
Blood Vessels ; Capillaries ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Needles ; Rare Diseases ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Catheters* ; Humans ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Oxygen* ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies*

No abstract available.
Catheters* ; Humans ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Oxygen* ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies*