Bone or bone substitute has been widely used for the reconstruction of bony defect developed by trauma, infecton, cyst, tumor, congenital abnormality, etc. Owing to its variety in quality and quantity, the use of alloplasts is increased rapidly. Among the various graft materials, HA has been studied and applied in clinic most exensively. When HA applied to bony defect, it is considered to help the bone healing by osteoconduction but tends to be encapsulated with fibrous tissue and floated in the applied area by the lack of consolidation. Bioglass is considered as a subsitute which can cover such weak point of HA. Bone defect were artificially prepared in the calvaria of the rats followed by grafts of HA and bioglass into defects. Sequential sacrifice was peformed at the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day of experiment. The staining of the obtained specimen was performed with H&E, MT, immunohistochemical stain and then histological examinaions were carried out under the light and scanning electron microscope. 1. In the features of H&E stain, infiltration of chronic inflammatory cell were present in all group at the 3rd and 7th day of experiment with decrease at the 14th day in bioglass group. The infiltration of inflammatory cells was more active in control and HA group whereas the formation of granulation tissue was more active in bioglass group was larger and more irregular than in HA group. 2. The features of MT stain showed new bone formation from the 7th day in all groups and the evidence of advanced calcification was observed at the 28th day. 3. In the features of immunohistochemical stain, bioglass group showed more PCNA positive response in the osteoblasts at the site of new bone formation and the lower activity of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells than HA group. 4. In scanning electron microscopic features, fibrous tissue formation and osteoid attached to HA was observed in the HA group after the 7th day. In bioglass group, osteoid formation was observed between the absorbed bioglass. Generally in HA group, bone formation progressed with characteristic of the fibrous and osteoid tissue mainly attached to the surface and the high activity of undifferented mesenchymal cells was seen at the graft site. In bioglass group, osteoid tissue formation was seen between the irregulary absorbed bioglass and the increased PCNA positive response was observed in the osteoblast at the new bone formation site.
Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Durapatite* ; Granulation Tissue ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Rats* ; Skull ; Transplants

Primary vesicoureteral reflux, distal ureteral obstruction or stricture and injuries are the main indications for the ureteroneocystostomy There are several operative techniques in ureteroneocystostomy and these should be antireflux to preserve renal function. To prevent the reflux, sufficient submucosal length, minimum ureteral manipulation, adequate butters and making the new orifice near the trigone are stressed. We performed ureteroneocystostomy in 19 patients(20 ureters) in last 10 years. We evaluate the preoperative state, operative technique, postoperative course and follow up of these cases and report with the review of the articles Results were 1. 19 cases included 5 VUR, 6 ureteral injuries by transabdominal hysterectomy, 3 bladder tumors involving ureteral orifices, 2 ureteroceles with obstruction and 3 chronic inflammatory strictures. 2. Ureteroneocystostomy were done by Cohen in 4, Glenn-Anderson in 2, Politano-Leadbetter in 3, Boari-Kuss in 5, Paquin in 2 and fish-mouth in 3 cases 3. Ureteral stent and suprapubic cystostomy were made in all cases but one. Duration of stenting was 4-14 days and cystostomy was 6-14 days. 4. There were improvements in 16 cases, but failed in 2 ureters of reflux cases.
Butter ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystostomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hysterectomy ; Stents ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Ureterocele ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical changes in graft size after treatment with connective tissue autograft in human. 40 premolar teeth in 23 patients having the following mucogingival problemswere selected. The width of extension, attached gingiva including free marginal gingiva, width of transplant and clinical sulcus depth were measured at the initial examination, 2, 12 and 24 weeks following the connective tissue autograft and free gingival autograft. The change of width of extension, attached gingiva including free marginal gingiva, width of transplant and clinical sulcus depth according to healing process in both graft procedures was statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and independent t-test using SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. The change of keratinized gingiva in both grafting procedures was increased significantly at 24 weeks post-op. 2. The clinical sulcus depth exhibited no marked changes throughoutthe entire investigation in both grafting procedures. 3. After 12 weeks, no dimensional variation was seen in graft size in both grafting procedures. 4. Shrinkage differs significantly in both grafting procedures. From the day of graft to 24 weeks after surgery the percentages of shrinkage were connective tissue autograft 55% and free gingival autograft 29%.
Autografts* ; Bicuspid ; Connective Tissue* ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Tooth ; Transplants*

Osseointegrated titanium implants have become an integral therapy for the replacement of teeth lost. For dental implant materials, titanium, hydroxyapatite and alumina oxide have been used, which of them, titanium implants are in wide use today. Titanium is known for its high corrosion resistance and biocompatability, because of the high stability of oxide layer mainly consists of TiO2. With the development of peri-implantitis, the implant surface is changed in surface topography and element composition. None of the treatments for cleaning and detoxification of implant surface is efficient to remove surface contamination from contaminated titanium implants to such extent that the original surface elemental composition. In this sights, the purpose of this study was to evaluate rough surface titanium implants by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) with respect to surface appearance and surface elemental composition. Moreover, it was also the aim to get the base for treatments of peri-implantitis. For the SEM and XPS study, rough surface titanium models were fabricated for control group. Six experimental groups were evaluated: 1) long-time room exposure, 2) air-powder abrasive cleaning for 1min, 3) burnishing in citric acid(pH1) for 1min, 4) burnishing in citric acid for 3min, 5) burnishing in tetracycline for 1min, 6) burnishing in tetracycline for 3min. All experimental treatments were followed by 1min of rinsing with distilled water. The results were as follows: 1. SEM observations of all experimental groups showed that any changes in surface topography were not detected when compared with control group. (750x magnification) 2. XPS analysis showed that in all experimental groups, titanium and oxygen were increased and carbon was decreased, when compared with control group. 3. XPS analysis showed that the level of titanium, oxygen and carbon in the experimental group 3(citric acid treatment for 1min, followed by 1min of distilled water irrigation) reached to the level of control group. 4. XPS analysis showed that significant differences were not detected between the experimental group 1 and the other experimental groups except of experimental group 3. The Ti. level of experimental group 2, air-powder abrasive treatment for 1min followed by 1 min of saline irrigation, was lower than the Ti. level of tetracycline treated groups, experimental group 5 and 6. From the result of this study, it may be concluded that the 1min of citric acid treatment followed by same time of rinsing with distilled water gave the best results from elemental points of view, and can be used safely to treat peri-implantitis.
Aluminum Oxide ; Carbon ; Citric Acid ; Corrosion ; Decontamination* ; Dental Implants ; Durapatite ; Oxygen ; Peri-Implantitis ; Tetracycline ; Titanium* ; Tooth ; Water

Teeth mobility is an important part of a periodontal examination, because it represents a function of the persisting height of the alveolar bone and the width of the periodontal ligament. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical difference in teeth mobility after treatment with the modified Widman flap and the undisplaced flap in humans. Twenty males with moderate periodontal disease were selected. The severity of periodontal disease was evaluated with sulcular bleeding index, pocket depth and attachment level and tooth mobility was measured with Periotest(Siemens Co., Germany) at the initial examination, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks following the modified Widman flap and the undisplaced flap operation using the split-mouth technique. The relation of mobility to clinical parameters was statistically analyzed by multiple regression and the change of teeth mobility according to healing process by independent t-test using SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. There was a strong relationship between the Periotest value(PTV) and attachment level. 2. The change of teeth mobility in both flap procedures was increased significantly at 1 week post-op. and was decreased to preoperative level at 4 weeks post-op. in modified Widman flap and at 6 weeks post-op. in undisplaced flap. 3. The change of teeth mobility in premolar teeth group in undisplaced flap compared to modified Widman flap was generally increased but these changes were not statistically significant. The changes of teeth mobility in molar teeth group in undisplaced flap was increased significantly at 2 weeks post-op.. 4. The change of teeth mobility following undisplaced flap was increased significantly compared to that of modified Widman flap at 2 weeks post-op.
Bicuspid ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Ligament ; Tooth Mobility ; Tooth*

Root surfaces affected by periodontal disease undergo various forms of changes. Cementum exposure from gingival recession may result in absorption of calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride and subsequent hypermineralization and increased radiodensity. Although some reports have suggested that inorganic content with root cementum might show various changes depending upon age or extent of periodontal disease, but no consensus can be reached regarding the the distribution of various elements. The present study examines the difference in mineral content between healthy and periodontal diseased roots by analyzing three areas per tooth along the root surface in cervico-apical direction using electron probe and scanning electron microscope. Healthy tooth that was extracted for orthodontic purpose was used as control. Experimental teeth include those with periodontal pocket depth exceeding 6mm and those with gingival recession and periodontal pocket depth of 2-4mm. Levels of Ca, P, Mg and Na were measured using wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometer at three areas per tooth. The examined areas were located apical to cemento-enamel junction in control and periodontal ligament-depleted areas in experimental teeth. The corresponding areas were also examined with scanning electron microscope(x70) The results are as follows. 1. Minerals were detected in order of Ca, P, Mg and Na. In all root surfaces, levels of Ca and P were higher in dentin than in cementum. 2. Level of Mg was twice as high in dentin than in cementum. There was no significant difference in the level of Mg and Na between normal and periodontal diseased roots or between the various locations in the same root. 3. Level of Ca and P in the surface cementum showed no difference between normal and periodontal diseased root, although the areas in dentin with high level of either ion also showed high level of corresponding ion incementum. 4. Difference in the Ca and P content between various locations within the same root was noted, although no coherent pattern existed. These results suggest that although the mineral content of the root cementum in periodontitis-affected tooth is affected by exogenous ions from saliva and food, but there was no difference in the mineral contents between normal and periodontally diseased root.
Absorption ; Calcium ; Consensus ; Dental Cementum ; Dentin ; Electron Probe Microanalysis* ; Fluorides ; Gingival Recession ; Ions ; Minerals ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Pocket ; Phosphorus ; Saliva ; Tooth

One of the fundamental causes of periodontal disease is accumulation of bacterial plaque and calculus and most effective method of removing these plaque and calculus are scaling and root planning using hand curet and ultrasonic scaler. Many studies concerning residual degenerated mineral content after periodontal therapies have been carried out, but some problems about these studies were also known. This research studies mineral concents and distribution of residual root surfaces after perfoming hand curet and ultrasonic scaler on root surfaces of single rooted teeth which were extracted for periodontal reasons. EPMA were used to avoid errors from chemical quantative analysis and in addition SEM observation was also performed. The results were as follows. 1. No differences were found between curet group andultrasonic scaler group in Ca, P, Mg and Na level. 2. Concentration level was decreased in the sequence of Ca, P, Mg and Na. 3. Ca and P level were decreased as going to apical portion at curet group and ultrasonic scaler group. 4. More cementum was removed at cervical portion compared to other portion at curet group and ultrasonic scaler group. 5. Ca, P, Mg level was higher in dentin compared to cememtum. There was no difference in mineral level for Ca, P, Mg and Na between root surfaces treated with hand curet and ultrasonic scaler.
Calculi ; Dental Cementum ; Dentin ; Hand ; Periodontal Diseases ; Tooth ; Ultrasonics*

We experienced a 57-year-old male patient who have had multiple coin sized, erythematous, psinful, indurated ulcerations with purulent discharge on the right calf area since 10 years before. Previously he received injections of paraffin in the lesion site for correcting the thinning of right calf due to complication of pyoderma. Histopathologic examination showed "Swiss cheese" appearance of parsffinoma. Good result was obtained after treatment with surgical excision and split thickness skin graft.
Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Numismatics ; Paraffin ; Pyoderma ; Skin ; Transplants ; Ulcer

The discovery of C-T scan have facilitated the detection of post-traumatic hydrocephalus cases. Of those, 6 cases of hydrocephalus of non-parenchymatous in origin, in other words, normal pressure hydrocephalus were presented. They were diagnosed by repeated brain C-T and cisternography with Iodine 131-labeled human serum albumin. The symptomatology, diagnosis procedure and surgical results were discussed. Followings are the results. 1) The RIHSA cisternogram taken after 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs and 48 hrs from lumbar injection showed abnormal features in all cases. 2) Surgical results were thought that there is much correlation with the age and improvement of mental impairments were seen, more or less, in all cases and improvement of gait disturbance and incontinence were seen in 5 cases and 4 cases respectively. 3) In those who sustained severe head injury with delayed recovery, the authors think, repeated check of brain C-T and cisternography is necessitated to perform the V-P shunt or V-A shunt to relieve the symptomatology of normal pressure hydrocephalus.
Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Gait ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure* ; Iodine ; Serum Albumin ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

There have been various surgical methods to treat the carotid cavernous fistula such as the carotid ligation, trapping procedure, embolization with muscle, gelfoam and polyurethane foam, balloon technique and direct transcavernous approach. Each method has its own merits and disadvantages. The ideal treatment of the illness would be the selective closure of the fistula with preservation of carotid patency. The authors are reporting a case of C-C fistula in which selective muscle embolism preserving carotid flow was attempted at first, but the closure was incomplete that polyurethane foam embolization was done in addition with success.
Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula ; Embolism ; Fistula* ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Ligation ; Polyurethanes*