No abstract available.
Iron* ; Skin Pigmentation*

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst

BACKGROUND: Topical diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) application on a daily or weekly basis has been used for the treatment of warts that affect different sites of the body. The concentration of DPCP for the treatment of warts needs to be determined according to the body site. In addition, the therapeutic response to DPCP application intervals needs to be evaluated for the treatment of warts. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the minimal DPCP concentration required to induce an elicitation reaction in different body sites of patients with warts and to assess the therapeutic response of wart treatment with daily and weekly applications of DPCP. METHODS: Thirty patients with warts were divided into two groups. Each patient in the two groups was sensitized with 0.1% or 0.2% DPCP. After sensitization, in the first group of patients, DPCP was applied to warts daily. In the second group of patients, DPCP was applied to warts weekly. The initial concentration of DPCP was 0.01% for warts located on the palmoplantar area, periungual area and the dorsum of the hand, knee and upper arm. The initial concentration of DPCP was 0.004% for warts on the face. If no reaction was observed, the DPCP concentration (0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) was increased stepwise. The minimal concentration of DPCP to induce an elicitation reaction and treatment results were evaluated. RESULTS: The minimal concentrations of DPCP to induce an elicitation reaction were as follows: 0.004~0.01% for the face, 0.01~0.025% for the dorsum of the hand, 0.25~1% for the periungual area and 0.5~2% for the palmoplantar area. The results of weekly application of DPCP were similar as compared to the daily application of DPCP for the treatment of warts. CONCLUSION: Although further studies are needed, our study suggests that the DPCP concentration needs to be adjusted according to the body site and that the weekly use of DPCP may be a convenient alternative to daily use to treat warts.
Arm ; Cyclopropanes ; Hand ; Humans ; Knee ; Warts

A 36 year-old woman immigrated from Nepal showed erythematous plaques on her face, buttock and legs one month after the immigration. Before the correct diagnosis was made, the patient had been erroneously treated as anallergic dermatitis for three months. Clinico-pathologically, her skin lesion was borderline lepromatous type leprosy with bacilli positive. We report the case to keep the high index of suspicion for leprosy when we meet with patients from the countries where leprosy is still epidemic.
Buttocks ; Dermatitis ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Leprosy ; Leprosy, Multibacillary ; Nepal ; Skin

Alopecia of a scalp shows various shapes and extents of hair loss, from a small round patch to polymorphous patches or total global alopecia. But alopecia of a linear shape is very rare. Only a few such cases have currently been reported in the medical literature. We recently had the chance to observe and treat two cases of linear alopecia that developed on the occipital scalp. The lesions themselves were like alopecia areata that shows a smooth bald area without any abnormality except the hair loss, but histopathologically, the lesions were compatible with lupus erythematosus profundus.
Alopecia ; Alopecia Areata ; Hair ; Scalp

Alopecia of a scalp shows various shapes and extents of hair loss, from a small round patch to polymorphous patches or total global alopecia. But alopecia of a linear shape is very rare. Only a few such cases have currently been reported in the medical literature. We recently had the chance to observe and treat two cases of linear alopecia that developed on the occipital scalp. The lesions themselves were like alopecia areata that shows a smooth bald area without any abnormality except the hair loss, but histopathologically, the lesions were compatible with lupus erythematosus profundus.
Alopecia ; Alopecia Areata ; Hair ; Scalp

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is one of the primary cicatricial alopecia and is considered a variant of lichen planopilaris. This condition is characterized by a progressive recession of the frontal and temporal hairline, primarily in postmenopausal women. Only two cases have been reported in premenopausal woman worldwide. We report a case of FFA in a 45-year-old female in her premenopausal age, who presented with multiple, small, bald spots on the bilateral frontotemporal area. Microscopically the lesion consisted of the inflammatory stage of lichen planopilaris and its cicatricial stage showing replacement of hair follicles by fibrous tissue. This was an additional case of frontal fibrosing alopecia in a premenopausal woman.
Alopecia* ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Lichens ; Middle Aged

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation due to chronic airway inflammation and destruction of the alveolar structure from persistent exposure to oxidative stress. The body has various antioxidant mechanisms for efficiently coping with such oxidative stress. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)–antioxidant response element (ARE) is a representative system. Dysregulation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway is responsible for the development and promotion of COPD. Furthermore, COPD severity is also closely related to this pathway. There has been a clinical impetus to use Nrf2 for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Therefore, in this work, we systematically reviewed the clinical significance of Nrf2 in COPD patients, and discuss the value of Nrf2 as a potential COPD biomarker.

Chronic respiratory diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory infections injure the alveoli; the damage evoked is mostly irreversible and occasionally leads to death. Achieving a detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of these fatal respiratory diseases has been hampered by limited access to human alveolar tissue and the differences between mice and humans. Thus, the development of human alveolar organoid (AO) models that mimic in vivo physiology and pathophysiology has gained tremendous attention over the last decade. In recent years, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been successfully employed to generate several types of organoids representing different respiratory compartments, including alveolar regions. However, despite continued advances in three-dimensional culture techniques and single-cell genomics, there is still a profound need to improve the cellular heterogeneity and maturity of AOs to recapitulate the key histological and functional features of in vivo alveolar tissue. In particular, the incorporation of immune cells such as macrophages into hPSC-AO systems is crucial for disease modeling and subsequent drug screening. In this review, we summarize current methods for differentiating alveolar epithelial cells from hPSCs followed by AO generation and their applications in disease modeling, drug testing, and toxicity evaluation. In addition, we review how current hPSC-AOs closely resemble in vivo alveoli in terms of phenotype, cellular heterogeneity, and maturity.

Carcinosarcoma is a biphasic tumor that has both epithelial as well as mesenchymal components. It most commonly occurs at the esophagus, lung, upper respiratory tract and urinary bladder, however it rarely occurs on the skin. A 62-year-old men presented with a bean sized crusted ulcer on his right cheek. A biopsy specimen revealed atypical sqamous cells mixed with spindle-shaped cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. Furthermore, immunohistochemical study showed positive reactions for AE1/AE3, cytokeratin7, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, but negative reactions for S100 protein, CD34 and smooth muscle actin. Based on these histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, we diagnosed this case as cutaneous carcinosarcoma. The patient was treated with complete excision and a local flap.
Actins ; Biopsy ; Carcinosarcoma ; Cheek ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; Muscle, Smooth ; Respiratory System ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Urinary Bladder ; Vimentin