The clinicolaboratory findings, cardiac catheterization, and outcome of operation were analyzed in 78 patients with tetralogy of Fallot, which were diagnosed by echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and a cardiac angiography and confirmed by operation at Dong San Hospital, Keimyung University, during a 4(1/2)-year period from January 1984 to June 1988. The following results were obtained : 1) Out of the 78 cases, 45 were male and 64 were female. 2) The electrocardiogram showed right axis deviation in 71 cases(91%) and right ventricular hypertrophy in 66 cases(84.6%). 3) Chest X-ray revealed that, the cardiothoracic ratio was normal or decreased in 68 cases(87.3%), and cardiac apex elevation was noticed in 57 cases(73%). 4) Pulmonary stenosis were chiefly valvular and infundibular type(53.8%). 5) The associated heart diseases with TOF were patent foramen ovale(64.1%), right sided aortic arch(19.2%), and secundum ASD(10.3%), in that order. 6) There was an intimate correlation between secondary polycythemia and thrombocytopenia. 7) Among the 78 Cases, 73 cases had total correction, 1 case had shunt operation, and 4cases had total correction after shunt operation. The highest mortality rate occurred in the cases of total correction after shunt operation(25%). The cases with a main pulmonary artery size of 1/3 to 2/3 against, the aorta had a higher mortality than the other group, and no cases expired in the group with a ratio of more than 2/3. The overall surgical mortality was 8.9%.
Angiography ; Aorta ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Male ; Mortality ; Polycythemia ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Thorax ; Thrombocytopenia

PURPOSE: Bone involvement is known to develop in 40-70Yo of pediatric acute leukemia. We aimed to analyze the clinical course and result of therapy in pediatric acute leukemia with bone involvement. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients diagnosed as pediatric acute leukemia at Dong San Medical Center from Jan. 1996 to Aug. 1998 were evaluated. According to bone X-ray and whole body bone scan, the patients were divided into two groups. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled in this study with 14 patients(52Yo) showing definite bone involvement on simple X-ray or bone scan. Mean age of patients with bone involvement was 5.5 years. Regarding the type of leukemia, 9 patients(64%) were acute lymphocytic leukemia. Ten patients(71%) out of 14 with bone involvement complained of bone pain at the involved bony site. Site of involvement was most frequent in the lower extremity. On simple X-ray, osteolytic lesion was found in 7 patients(50%), diffuse osteopenia in 2 patients(14%) and pathologic fracture in 2 patients(14%). In bone scan, radioactivity was increased in whole cases of patients with bone involvement. Thirteen patients(93%) were completely remitted by chemo-therapy, but, one AML patient died due to induction failure. CONCLUSION: Bone involvement occured in 52% of pediatric acute leukemia. Bone involvement was more frequent in male patients in the lower extremity, and osteolytic lesion was the most frequent finding on simple X-ray. There was no relevence between bone involvement and prognosis. Further study will be needed to evaluate long-term survival and prognosis. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:806-813)
Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Prognosis ; Radioactivity

PURPOSE: To reduce complications and provide proper management for better clinical outcomes in the treatment of macular edema through a large-scale analysis of the incidence and risk factors for complications of intravitreal triamcinolone injection. METHODS: The medical records of 490 eyes that received intravitreal triamcinolone (4.0 mg) injection for treatment of macular edema caused by various diseases were retrospectively reviewed, and relevant parameters were included in a multivariate regression model. RESULTS: Vitrectomized (p < 0.001) and pseudophakic (p = 0.054) eyes were less likely to exhibit an intraocular pressure increase, but glaucoma (p < 0.001) and young age (p = 0.073) were found to be significant risk factors for this complication. Vitrectomized eyes (p = 0.011), diabetic macular edema (p < 0.001), secondary ocular hypertension (p = 0.029) and old age (p = 0.059) were associated with cataract progression. Three consecutive case of sterile endophthalmitis, which differs from bacterial endophthalmitis in clinical course and prognosis, occurred during the same period. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors and the incidence of complications after intravitreal triamcinolone injection should be evaluated through regular follow-up evaluation to ensure proper management and a better prognosis.
Cataract ; Dietary Sucrose ; Endophthalmitis ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Incidence ; Intraocular Pressure ; Macular Edema ; Medical Records ; Ocular Hypertension ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

No abstract available.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Plasmapheresis*

Two cases of Sturge-Weber disease in a 10 years old female and a 7 years old male were prese-nted. The diagnosis was established by charactristic features of Sturge-Weber disease including facial port-wine nevus, convulsion, typical ???ailread track pattern intracranial calcifications, some degree of mental retardation and hemiplegia. A brief review of related literature was made.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Nevus ; Seizures

PURPOSE: We compared the perifoveal capillary ring state and the size of the macular ischemic area in patients with the macular edema, then analyzed the effect of grid photocoagulation on macular edema. The aim of the present study was to evaluate visual prognosis and to determine treatment modality of macular edema with macular ischemia in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: We did retrospective clinical analysis on the macular edema and macular circulatory state using clinical records, and performed fluorescein angiography in 89 patients (92 eyes) who were diagnosed with BRVO at Inha University Hospital from June 1996 through October 2000 and were followed for over 6 months. RESULTS: The incidence of macular edema was not statistically correlated with occlusion site of retinal vein, size of macular ischemic area and perifoveal capillary ring state. The initial visual acuity was a statistically significant factor in the prognosis of final visual acuity. The macular ischemic area was statistically correlated with initial visual acuity, and the perifoveal capillary ring state was not correlated with initial and final visual acuities. The improvement of visual acuity after grid photocoagulation for macular edema was noted in patients with intact perifoveal capillary ring state and small macular ischemic area. CONCLUSIONS: The only facator to final visual acuity is initial visual acuity. Prospective study is needed to evaluate effect of early treatment of macular edema with grid photocoagulation at an early stage of BRVO in patients with intact perifoveal capillary ring state and small macular ischemic area.
Capillaries ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemia* ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema* ; Prognosis* ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

23 cases of infantile hypocalcemia which were admitted to the pediatric department of Daegy Presbyterian Hospital during the past 2 years from August 1975 throght July 1977 were clinically evaluated. The results were as follows: 1) The age distribution was ranging from one day to six months with 19 cases(82.6%) of newborn under the 1 month of age and sex incidence revealed male predominance with male to female ratio about 1.5:1 2) 14 cases (60.9%) were fed artificially, 7 cases (30.4%) with breast milk and 2 cases (8.7%) with mixed feeding. 3) Out of 9 cases of which birth weigh were known, 7 cases had low birth weight. 4) In all cases serum calcium was below 8mg% and 12 cases (52.1%) had 6~7mg% of serum calcium. 5) In all cases, the serum phosphorus was above 4 mg% and 16 cases (69.6%) had serum phosphorus above 6mg%. 6) The cardinal symptoms and signs in order of frequency were convulsion (69.5%), poor feeding(47.8%), irritability (34.8%), hypotonicity (21.7%). There was no significant differences in clinical symptoms for early and late neonatal hypocalcemia. 7) 8 cases (33.3%) were complicated with infections. 8) All cases were recovered after receiving calcium therapy. 19 cases (90.5%) had regained normal serum calcium level within 4 weeks after initiation of calcium therapy.
Age Distribution ; Calcium ; Female ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia* ; Incidence ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Milk, Human ; Parturition ; Phosphorus ; Protestantism ; Seizures

PURPOSE: To report 2 different cases of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia after cataract surgery. CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old male with diabetes mellitus developed severe pain in the right eye 2 weeks after cataract surgery. The patient was hospitalized with a diagnosis of infectious endophthalmitis, and vitrectomy was performed. Cultures of aqueous humor and vitreous aspirate revealed S. maltophilia. On day 30 after vitrectomy, his visual acuity had improved to 20/20 and there were no recurrences. A 61-year-old female with no significant past medical history was referred for uveitis or delayed onset endophthalmitis 30 days after cataract surgery. An anterior chamber tapping and cultures were performed. S. maltophilia and Aspergillus fumigatus were isolated. The patient received antibiotics and antifungal agents and her visual acuity improved to 20/25. CONCLUSIONS: S. maltophilia has been considered a life-threatening systemic opportunistic infection; however, the organism has recently been reported as an exogenous pathogen of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Herein, 2 different cases of S. maltophilia endophthalmitis after cataract surgery are presented and compared with previous case reports.
Aged ; Anterior Chamber ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents ; Aqueous Humor ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Cataract ; Coinfection ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Endophthalmitis ; Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Stenotrophomonas ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ; Uveitis ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of simvastatin on the catalase expression in human retinal pigment epithelium. METHODS: Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were incubated for 6 hours and 24 hours with various concentrations of simvastatin. In addition, RPE cells were incubated with 200 microM of H2O2 and various concentrations of simvastatin. After incubation, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to examine the catalase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and a catalase assay was performed to examine the catalase activity in RPE. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). RESULTS: Simvastatin increased the amount of catalase mRNA and catalase activity at 10 microM in RPE cells. Under oxidative stress (200 microM of H2O2), 2.5 microM of simvastatin increased the catalase mRNA expression and 5 microM of simvastatin increased catalase activity in RPE cells. In addition, simvastatin reduced free radical formation but this effect was diminished in the presence of an irreversible catalase inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT). CONCLUSIONS: Simvastatin exhibits anti-oxidative effects by inducing the catalase expression in human RPE cells. This anti-oxidative effect may be beneficial for preventing age-related macular degeneration induced by oxidative stress.
Amitrole ; Catalase* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde* ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Simvastatin*

No Abstract Available.
Head* ; Osteonecrosis* ; Rabbits*