Child ; Child Welfare ; trends ; Delivery of Health Care ; trends ; Humans ; Maternal Welfare ; trends ; Pediatrics ; methods ; trends ; Physician's Role ; Singapore

PURPOSE: To investigate the attitude, knowledge, and practice of safety and related factors of teachers in child care centers. METHODS: The total sample consisted of 116 teachers from child care centers in Kyunggi Province. A questionnaire and checklist were used to collect data, which was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 Win program. RESULTS: Most of the teachers were anxious about child accidents, and thought of safety as a primary concern. The mean score for knowledge on safety was 10.23, and the rate of correct answers ranged from 34.8% to 98.3%. The mean score on practice of safety was 42.01. Teachers with higher education showed significantly higher scores in safety efficacy. Teacher's knowledge on safety was significantly different depending on the experience of safety education, but this did not apply to safety practice. Safety practice was significantly related to confidence in safety performance, health beliefs on safety, stress, and social support, but not related to knowledge of safety. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial factors were found to be important in safety practice. Related factors found in this study should be considered when providing safety programs for child care centers.
Checklist ; Child ; Child Care* ; Child* ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Welfare ; Psychology ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a health education program for child care workers of infants, toddlers and preschoolers to improve their care ability. The program provided child care teachers and children with information on how to take care of their health. METHOD: This program development was based on a systematic design of instruction by Dick & Carey(1996). The process included a review of literature, setting an instructional goal, getting advice from various experts, designing instruction and instructional medias, designing formative evaluation, revising the program and making a summative evaluations. RESULT: The products of this program were the 'Teachers Guide Book & CD-ROM." The guide book included health education programs for infants, toddlers and preschoolers. The infant program included a basic baby care program for teachers. The toddlers and preschoolers program included basic health promotion, dental health, nutrition management, communicable disease prevention, substance abuse prevention and a safety program. CONCLUSION: These programs provided a systematic content of health education for children andtheir teachers, and useful data which can be applied to child care centers.
Program Development ; Male ; Korea ; Humans ; *Health Education ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; *Child Welfare ; Child Day Care Centers ; Child ; Caregivers/*education

Child ; Child Welfare ; Humans ; Safety

This study is designed to serve as a reference for the establishment of health security systems for children’s critical diseases. Through analysis of the operation of Shanghai Children Hospital Care Aid (SCHCA), this study explored the financing model and management of a children’s critical disease healthcare system and analyzed the possibility of expanding this system to other areas. It is found that a premium as low as RMB 7 per capita per year under SCHCA can provide high-level security for children’s critical diseases. With the good experience in Shanghai and based on the current basic medical insurance system for urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical scheme (NRCMS), it is necessary and feasible to build a health security system for children’s critical diseases at the national level.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child Welfare ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Policy ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn

Child ; Child Welfare ; trends ; China ; Humans

Child ; Child Welfare ; trends ; China ; Humans

Falls are the most common injury causing death or long term disability particularly among children. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of the unintentional injuries due to falls in children aged less than five years in Yemen. This cross sectional study enrolled a total of 439 children under five years old from the emergency department of 6 hospitals in Sana'a city. Multistage sampling was used to select six hospitals from public and private sectors in Sana'a city. Face to face interviews were conducted by using a structured questionnaire. Simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were used in the analysis. The prevalence of falls among children under five years old was 21.2%. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with falls among children were young mother (aOR= 0.9, 95% CI 0.81-0.91), working of mother (aOR= 4.5 95% CI 2.40-7.65), frequent family social gatherings (aOR= 2.7, 95% CI 1.54-4.61), number of children at home (aOR= 2.6, 95% CI 1.43-4.64), chewing khat by father (aOR= 2.4, 95% CI 1.38-4.10), presence of staircase in the house (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI 1.24-3.70), number of rooms at home (aOR= 2.2, 95% CI 1.17-3.99) and disabled children (aOR= 3.3, 95% CI 1.20-9.27). In the study, socio-economic and cultural factors such as family gathering and chewing khat were associated with home fall injury among children under 5 years old in Yemen. Health promotion program should take place to reduce the occurrence of fall injury.
Accidental Falls ; Child Welfare ; Accidents, Home ; Child

Numerous challenges arise when diabetes develops in young children and adolescents. Beginning self-management at the earliest stages of diabetes diagnosis is critical in dealing with the many issues related to diabetes and physical growth, psychological development, and social integration. The primary goal of diabetes self-management for diabetic children and adolescents is to maintain good physical and mental health, both of which require strong family support, social acceptance, and a nurturing environment. Diabetes educators must first encourage public understanding of the psycho-social needs of diabetic children and adolescents, and then individualize treatment using a patient/family-centered approach to diabetes education. The national support system and private social welfare resources can support children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus by providing accessible information and connections between patients and financial sponsors, and by promoting a campaign to change social attitudes toward diabetes mellitus. With supportive programs, the integration of diabetic children and adolescents into society as healthy contributors to family and school is possible.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Self Care ; Social Distance ; Social Welfare ; Social Workers*

A survey for finding out rural health care was done in Ichon-Gun, Kyonggi-Do during October, 1973. Of the 29,132 inhabitants, 974 persons were interviewed for the basic household survey, maternal and child health, family planning and medical care for illness. The survey included 201 households of total of 4,121. In addition to the survey, an evaluation was done of a two-year old rural health nursing service provided by the Korean Rural Medical Service (KRMS). KRMS was organized with Korean nurses who returned from West Germany and sponsored by the Bread for the World. Following results were obtained: 1. Population structure showed that the age group between 20-30 years old represented 9.4% of all males and 8.5% of all females. 84.6% of interviewees were farmers and 43.5% of the householders were primary school graduates. 2. More than 55% of all the houses had straw-roofing and water supply was dependent upon pumpwells (42.4%). 88% of the latrines were traditional and of insanitary construction. 3. Average marriage age for female respondents was 21.2 years, and average number of pregnancies was 4.9. About 12% of the housewives experienced natural abortions, and 8% were pregnant at the time of the survey. 4. More than 90% of total deliveries were cared for at home and only 8.5% of those received prenatal and post-partum care. Of those wives having home deliveries, 85% wanted to have them at home, and 9% would have preferred hospital delivery. 5. In the month preceding the survey, 72.5% of 947 interviewees had been sick 29.9% from respiratory illness, 12.5% with indigestion, 8.5% with headache and dizziness. Mostly, these patients got treatment through drugstores (20.8%), health subcenters (12.5 %), clinks or hospitals (9.7%). The average patient spent about 1,760 won ($ 4.40) for each illness. Patients missed medical treatment because of economic reasons (6.2%), and carelessness for health and illness (15.9%). 6. Seventy eight percent of total interviewees acknowledged recognition of the activities of Korean Rural Medical Service and 20.5% of the total householders received their health service through medical care (53.5%), immunization (34.5%), and health education (24%). More than half (51.5%) of clients who received health services commented that KRMS work was satisfactory, and 1.5% complained of it being unkind or insufficient. About 10% of total households desired a more closely located health subcenter.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Education ; Female ; Human ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Male ; Maternal Welfare ; Middle Age ; Pregnancy ; Rural Health* ; Statistics ; Vaccination