PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore and describe Khmer mothers' understanding of HBV and HPV prevention as well as their perception of parenting on health and health education of their daughters in the US. METHODS: The qualitative pilot study guided by the revised Network Episode Model and informed by ethnographic analysis and community-based purposive sampling method were used. Face-to-face audiotaped interviews with eight Khmer mothers were conducted by bilingual female middle-aged community health leaders who spoke Khmer. RESULTS: The findings revealed that Khmer mothers clearly lacked knowledge about HBV and HPV infection prevention and had difficulty understanding and educating their daughters about health behavior, especially on sex-related topics. The findings showed that histo-sociocultural factors are integrated with the individual factor, and these factors influenced the HBV and HPV knowledge and perspective of Khmer mothers' parenting. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that situation-specific conceptual and methodological approaches that take into account the uniqueness of the sociocultural context of CAs is a novel method for identifying factors that are significant in shaping the perception of Khmer mothers' health education related to HBV and HPV prevention among their daughters. The communication between mother and daughter about sex and the risk involved in contracting HBV and HPV has been limited, partly because it is seen as a "taboo subject" and partly because mothers think that schools educate their children regarding sexuality and health.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Americans/psychology ; Cambodia/ethnology ; Child ; Child Rearing/*psychology ; Communication ; Female ; *Health Education ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mothers/*psychology ; Nuclear Family ; Papillomavirus Infections/*prevention & control ; Parenting/*psychology ; Pilot Projects ; Qualitative Research ; United States ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the paternal rearing behavior and rearing stress level between fathers with a preschooler and fathers with school children so that it can be utilized as a basic source for developing parental rearing education programs. METHODS: A descriptive comparative method was conducted to identify the paternal rearing behavior and paternal rearing stress. Respondents were 361 fathers who had either preschoolers (n=189) or children of elementary age (n=172). RESULTS: Comparing the two group's means, the rearing activity score and rearing stress there were significant differences. In the school children's group's father, 'outdoor activity' and 'guidance on discipline activity' were significantly higher than the other group. In the preschool children's fathers group, 'play interaction activity' was statistically significant higher than the other, and the child-part mean score of paternal rearing stress was significantly higher than the other group. The correlation between paternal rearing behavior and paternal rearing stress, indicates that more paternal rearing behavior means less paternal rearing stress. CONCLUSION: These results of this study will help design more effective rearing programs for fathers that have either preschool children or school children by providing the basic data for paternal rearing behaviors and paternal rearing stress.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Analysis of Variance ; Child ; Child Rearing/ethnology/*psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Father-Child Relations/ethnology ; Fathers/education/*psychology ; Gender Identity ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Methodology Research ; Paternal Behavior/ethnology ; Play and Playthings ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological/ethnology/prevention & control/*psychology