The sickness was evaluated in 1943 children with ages ranged from 11 to 16 years in Hoan Kiem district for 2 months in 2001. The results showed that in overall, the rate of sick children is 31.7%. This rate is highest in the 11 year children (41%) and lowest in the 16 year children (23.5%). The rate of sickness in the school children is 32.5% and in the non school children is 19.4%.
Health ; Child

No abstract available.
Child ; Child Health* ; Child* ; Humans

This study was to evaluate the effect of technical support in terms of providing training on integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) to commune health centers of Quynh Phu district and Hung Ha district of Thai Binh province. The results of a comparison between the baseline survey in 2002 and the follow-up survey in 2004 showed that case management of health workers in 2 districts had improved significantly and were more comprehensive in terms of assessment, classification, treatment and counseling mothers. The proportion of correct assessment of cases on general danger signs increased by 47.5%. The proportion of correct assessment of cases on main symptoms (cough, diarrhea and fever) increased by 63.4%, on the correct classification of cases increased by 72,5% and the correct drug use increased by 46.7%. Th proportion of caregivers/mothers received proper advice on drug use, proper feeding and follow-up increased by 43.5%, 34.9% and 41.1%, respectively
Health ; epidemiology ; child ; health staffs

ABSTRACT Thalassemia is an inherited disorder that involves abnormal haemoglobin formation. This cross-sectional study with universal sampling was conducted from May 2018 to January 2019 to evaluate the oral health status of children with thalassaemia. The sample consisted of 54 transfusion-dependent patients between the ages of 3–17 years old, who were registered at the paediatric day-care centre of Hospital Melaka. Oral health status was evaluated which included soft tissue examination, recording of dental caries, malocclusion and oral hygiene status of the children, while their parents answered a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic and oral health practices and attitudes. The mean deft (decayed, exfoliated and filled teeth) among the 3–5 years old was 6.71±6.07. The mean DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) was 3.00±3.94 among the 13–17 years old and 1.12±1.42 among the 6–12 years old. Most of the 3–5 years old children exhibited good oral hygiene (71.4%). Dentofacial findings among the 3–5 years old were increased overjet (35.7%) and open bite (28.6%) predominantly. Fractured teeth (69.2%), increased overjet (46.2%) and discolouration (23.1%) were the common dentofacial findings among the 6–12 years old while increased overjet (71.4%), soft tissue lesions (57.1%) and posterior crossbite (28.6%) were seen among the 13–17 years old. In this cohort of children with thalassaemia, the prevalence of dental caries was high in preschool children and older children.
Oral Health ; Child Health ; Thalassemia

Maternal morbidity and mortality remain major global concerns in developing and underdeveloped countries. Various international interventions have been made over the last 50 years but with essentially the same targets and indicators. This review traced the development of programs on maternal and child health based on major global policies, from the 1978 Declaration on Primary Health Care to the Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals, and related the approach they engendered to the Philippine experience. Health outcomes have not significantly improved despite adherence to recommended goals and programs. New strategies purportedly propose novel and innovative methods, but are burdened by essentially the same old presumptions: government resources are limited, and interventions need to be supported by whatever funds are available. Preference for low-cost and measurable programs providing minimal essential care persists with the current socio-economic conditions characterized by neoliberal and conservative policies. There is a need to return to the fundamentals of the Comprehensive Primary Health Care, linking the health of vulnerable groups, like women and children, to social and economic development. Inter-agency and multi-sectoral approach, community participation and empowerment, real political commitment and major rethinking are needed in national and international discourses on health not just to attain better maternal and child health but to achieve health for all.
Maternal Health ; Child Health ; Primary Health Care

No abstract available.
Child ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Immunization* ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of school children's internet addiction and to explicit the relationship among the internet addiction, family environment and school adjustment. METHOD: The subjects of the study were 640 students from 5th and 6th year children of five elementary schools in G city. The data were analyzed by SAS program with frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, chi2-test, ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. RESULT: In the degree of the internet addiction were 10.0% of addiction group, 58.0% of intermediate group, and 32.0% of nonaddiction group. There were significant differences in family environment score(F=25.09, p=.0001) and school adjustment score(F=34.46, p=.0001) regarding internet addiction degree. The relationship among internet addiction score, family environment score and school adjustment score revealed a significant inverse correlation(r=-0.32, p=.0001, r=-0.35, p=.0001). And the relationship between family environment score and school adjustment score revealed a significant correlation(r=0.52, p=.0001). CONCLUSION: The degree of school children's internet addiction has been found to be very high and correlated to the family environment and school adjustment. Therefore, programs should be developed in order to improve this situation.
Child ; Humans ; Internet* ; Child Health

Child ; Humans ; Adult ; Child Health

The level of copayment increased in order to stabilize the financial condition of the health insurance on 1986. An important question regarding the policy was whether the increase in the level of copayments reduced the utilization of medical services in the poor selectively. In spite of the importance of the research question, no study has been reported. This study was designed to find out changes in nuniU rs of physician visits, to explain charac teristics influencing the difference of utilization before and after the program. Finally the interaction effect between the program and the level of income was examined for the abover question. A total of 10,421 persons from eight institutions was selected as the study sample. Research findings are as follows. 1. The number of physician visits decreased by ten percent as a result of increasing the level of copayment. 2. The decrease was remarkable in some groups such as children, rural area and large family. 3. The most important factor which explained the difference was the number of physician visits before the introduction of the new program.. The more numbers of physian visits during the last year were, the more numbers of physian visits decreased after the program. 4. The interaction term between the program and the level of income was statistically significant in the multiple regression model which explained physician visits and its coefficient was negative. It means that an increase in copayment did not reduced the number of physician visits in the poor, selectively. 5. It can be concluded that imposing adequate copayment reduces the use of medical services as well as medical costs without serious damage in access especially for the poor pule.
Child ; Humans ; Insurance, Health

The study is a survey on oro-dental diseases in 1132 children who were over 6 years old and living in the North Central Coastal and South Central Coastal areas. The subjects were divided into 4 age groups: 6-8, 9-11, 12-14 and 15-17. Results: The percentage of children 6-8 years old with caries in the primary dentition was high, from 83.7% to 91.6%. The percentage of children who had caries in the permanent dentition increased across the age groups. The percentage of children who had not caries was much more lower than WHO’s standard. In all age groups, the percentage of children in the South Central Coast who had dental caries was higher than children in the North Central Coast. The percentage of children 6-14 years old with gingivitis in the South Central Coast was higher than in the North Central Coast
Child ; Delivery of Health Care