INTRODUCTION: The study was performed to determine the psychological problems in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) while they were on steroid therapy, as compared to healthy children. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a paediatric clinic of a tertiary hospital. Parents of the participants in the INS group and control group (comprising children without chronic illness) completed questionnaires using the Child Behavioural Checklist (CBCL). The CBCL measures a range of age-specific emotional and psychological problems, including internalising and externalising domains. Analyses of the CBCL scores between groups were done using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: A total of 140 children were recruited with an equal number in the INS and control groups. There was a significant difference in the mean total CBCL scores between the INS group and the control group, specifically in the withdrawal, somatic, anxious and aggressiveness subdomains. Similar findings were demonstrated in correlation between total psychological problems and corticosteroid dosage. In the INS group, steroid dose and cushingoid features were found to have a significant positive association with internalising psychological problems. CONCLUSION Children with INS on corticosteroid treatment showed an increase in internalising and externalising scores, as compared to healthy children.
Child ; Humans ; Child Behavior Disorders/psychology* ; Nephrotic Syndrome/psychology* ; Problem Behavior/psychology* ; Prospective Studies ; Southeast Asian People ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVES: Adolescents are at high risk of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Currently, there is no clinical assessment tool for adolescent NSSI behaviors measurement with global consistency. The Ottawa Self-injury Inventory (OSI) is considered as a relatively comprehensive assessment tool for NSSI, but the questionnaire is discussed with excessive content and timecostly, which may affect the reliability of the measurement results for adolescent.Thus, this study, based on OSI, aims to revise the assessment tool for adolescent with NSSI that is suitable for both clinically and scientifically, referring to the diagnostic criteria for NSSI in the 5th Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5). METHODS: This study was led by the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and collaborated with 6 mental health service institutions in China from August to December 2020. Adolescent aged from 12 to 24 years old who had self-injury behavior and met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for NSSI were continuously recruited in the psychiatric outpatient department or ward. After clinical diagnosis by an experienced attending psychiatrist or above, the general information and OSI were collected by questionnaires. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS structural equation model statistical softwares were used to conduct item analysis and exploratory factor analysis on the obtained data to complete the revision of the scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, and content validity and structure validity were performed to analyze the reliability and validity and confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test the structure validity for the revised scale. RESULTS: A total of 234 adolescent with NSSI were enrolled, including 33 (14.1%) males and 201 (85.9%) females with the mean age of (16.2±2.6) years old. The most common clinical diagnoses were depression disorder (57.4%), bipolar disorder (20.9%), adolescent mood disorder (17.1%), etc. Nine items (item 2, 7, 11, 13, 23, 24, 10, 17, 18) in the functional scale of OSI were deleted according to extreme grouping method, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis in exploratory factor analysis. The revised functional scale for NSSI consisted of 15 items. The reliability analysis showed that the Cronbach's alpha coefficients of NSSI thought and behavior frequency, addiction characteristics, and function scales were 0.799, 0.798, and 0.835, respectively, and the split-half coefficients were 0.714, 0.727, and 0.852, respectively. The test-retest coefficients of the latter 2 scales were 0.466 and 0.560, respectively. The correlation coefficient between sub-items and total scores in each part of the scale showed good content validity. The exploratory factor analysis showed that a component was extracted from the frequency of thoughts and behaviors of NSSI, one component was extracted from the addictive characteristics, and three components were extracted from the functional part. The three functional subscales were social influence, external emotion regulation, and internal emotion regulation. The factor load of each item was >0.400. CONCLUSIONS The revised Chinese version OSI targeted the adolescent patients with mental disorders has relatively ideal reliability and validity. The scale shows high stability, dependability, and a reasonable degree of fit. It is a suitable assessment tool for clinical and scientific research on adolescent with NSSI.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis* ; Psychometrics/methods* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the associations between maternal and prenatal depressive symptoms and children's behavioral problems at 2 years old. Methods: In the present study, a total of 491 mother-child pairs were selected from the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study (S-MBCS) which was conducted in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Minhang District in Shanghai between April and December, 2012. Data from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies on Depression was gathered to assess the maternal depressive symptoms in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, as well as at 6 months and 12 months postpartum. Neurodevelopment at 2 years was assessed, using the Child Behavior Checklist. We used generalized linear models with a log-link function and a Binomial distribution to estimate the risk ratios (RRs) and 95%CIs, on children's behavioral problems at 2 years of age. Sensitivity analyses were performed among participants without postpartum depressive symptoms. Results: After adjustment on factors as maternal age, gestation week, average monthly income per person, parental education and children's gender etc., maternal depression in second trimester of pregnancy was found associated with higher risk of both developing emotional (RR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.36-4.99) and internalizing problems (RR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.22-3.08). However, maternal depression in third trimester was found to be associated with higher risks of developing emotional (RR=6.46, 95%CI: 3.09-13.53), withdrawn (RR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.16-5.02), aggressive (RR=2.93, 95%CI: 1.45-5.94), internalizing (RR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.01-3.16) or externalizing problems (RR=2.56, 95%CI:1.49-4.42). In sensitivity analysis, antenatal maternal depression was found positively associated with children's emotional, internalizing and externalizing problems and the differences all statistically significant. Conclusions: Maternal depression during pregnancy might increase the risks of children's behavioral problems. In order to decrease the incidence of children's behavioral problems and promoting both maternal and child health status, monitoring program regarding maternal mental health care should be strengthened.
Adult ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders/psychology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Depressive Disorder ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Mothers/psychology* ; Pregnancy ; Problem Behavior/psychology* ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of home nurture environment on language development and social emotion in children with developmental language disorder (DLD).

METHODSThe 1-3 Years Child Home Nurture Environment Scale, Gesell Developmental Scale, and Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment Scale were used for the evaluation of 125 children with DLD. A total of 130 children with normal language development matched for age and sex were enrolled as control group.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the DLD group had a significantly higher proportion of children in a bad home nurture environment and significantly lower scores of all domains of home nurture environment (P<0.05). In children with DLD, the home nurture environment score was positively correlated with the level of language development (r=0.536, P<0.01) and the score of ability domain in social emotion (r=0.397, P<0.01) and was negatively correlated with the scores of the domains of explicit behavior, covert behavior, and imbalance in social emotion (r=-0.455, -0.438, and -0.390 respectively, P<0.01). Home nurture environment had direct influence on language development in children with DLD and affected their language development via the mediating effect of social emotion.

CONCLUSIONSHome nurture environment influences language development and social emotion in children with DLD, and social emotion has a partial mediating effect between home nurture environment and language development.

Child, Preschool ; Emotions ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Language Development ; Language Development Disorders ; psychology ; Male ; Social Behavior

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cognitive characteristics in early school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using event-related potential (ERP) and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), as well as the correlation between ERP and behavioral problems.

METHODSA total of 22 children aged 6-7 years with ADHD and 19 healthy children matched by age were enrolled. Continue Performance Test-AX (CPT-AX) was performed for ERP test. The amplitude and latency of N2 and P3 of Go and Nogo were compared. The CBCL was completed by the parents, and the correlation between behavioral factors and ERP was analyzed.

RESULTSThe ADHD group had a significantly higher number of ERP omissions than the normal control group (10±8 vs 5±4; P<0.05), while the reaction time and number of commission errors showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). The ADHD group showed a significantly lower Go-N2 amplitude than the normal control group (-8±5 μV vs -10±4 μV; P<0.05). In the ADHD group, the detection rates of hyperactivity, attack, and discipline violation were 27%, 27% and 9% respectively. The scores on attack and discipline violation subscales were negatively correlated with the Go-N2 amplitude of ERP (r=-0.43 and -0.48 respectively; P<0.05), while the score on hyperactivity subscale was positively correlated with the latency of Go-P3 (r=0.50, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe early school-age children with ADHD show the tendency to the impairment of attention/executive function, but the inhibition function defect has not been noted. In early school-age children with ADHD, the behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, attack, and discipline violation are associated with ERP.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; Evoked Potentials ; physiology ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether a blended Infant MassageeParenting Enhancement Program (IMPEP) improved maternal psychosocial health outcomes (parenting stress, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, maternal attachment) and maternal-infant interaction among substanceaddicted mothers (SAMs) actively engaged in outpatient rehabilitation. METHODS: Designed as a randomized, three-group controlled trial testing two levels of psychoeducational intervention (IMPEP vs. PEP) and a control group (standard care parenting resources), the studywas conducted in two substance abuse centers in southeast Florida on a convenience sample of 138 recovering SAM-infant pairs. IMPEP or PEP classes were held weekly onWeeks 2e5, with data collected at baseline (Week 1),Week 6, andWeek 12 via structured interviews, observation (Observation Checklist onMaternal-Infant Interaction), and self-administered questionnaires (Abidin Parenting Stress Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Muller's Maternal Attachment Inventory), analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Kruskall-Wallis analysis of variance and post hoc Wilcoxon rank sum and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: Both IMPEP and PEP groups had significantly increased Parenting Stress Index scores (decreased parenting stress) and decreased Beck Depression Inventory scores (decreased depressive symptoms) compared to controls at Week 12, whereas there were no clinically meaningful differences among study groups in Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Muller's Maternal Attachment Inventory, or Observation Checklist on Maternal-Infant Interaction scores. Only the IMPEP group showed significant improvements in both psychological and physical (waist-hip ratio) measures of parenting stress over time. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that infant massage blended into a structured parenting program has value-added effects in decreasing parenting stress and maternal depressive symptoms, but not on SAM's self-esteem, attachment, or maternal-infant interaction.
Adult ; Depressive Disorder/*prevention & control ; Female ; Florida ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Massage ; Maternal Behavior/*psychology ; Mother-Child Relations/*psychology ; Mothers/*education/*psychology ; Parenting/*psychology ; Program Evaluation ; Self Concept ; Stress, Psychological ; Substance-Related Disorders/*psychology/rehabilitation ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influencing factors for psychological and behavioral problems in school-age twins and to provide a basis for reducing the incidence of these problems.

METHODSThe psychological and behavioral problems were assessed in 147 pairs of twins aged 6-12 years in Huhhot, China, using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales and Family General Condition Questionnaire were used to collect data.

RESULTSThe overall detection rate of psychological and behavioral problems in these children was 24.1%; the detection rate of thought problems (15.3%) was the highest, and the detection rate of physical discomforts (3.4%) was the lowest. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, full-term birth or not was significantly associated with withdrawn behavior and total score on the CBCL (P<0.05); temperament type was significantly associated with thought problems and overall detection rate of psychological and behavioral problems (P<0.05); father's child-bearing age was significantly associated with thought problems (P<0.05); family cohesion was significantly associated with discipline violation (P<0.05); family adaptability was significantly associated with thought problems (P<0.05); family rearing patterns were significantly associated with socialization problems (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSChildren's temperament type, full-term birth or not, father's child-bearing age, family cohesion, family adaptability, and family rearing patterns are the main influencing factors for the psychological and behavioral problems in school-age twins.

Child ; Child Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Problem Behavior ; psychology ; Twins ; psychology

Psychosocial problems increase the risk for mental health problems and increase the need for health care services in children and adolescents. Primary care practice is a valuable avenue for identifying the need for more specialized mental health care. We hypothesized that Korean version of the pediatric symptom checklist (PSC) would be a useful tool for early detection of psychosocial problems in children and adolescents in Korea and we aimed to suggest cut-off scores for detecting meaningful psychosocial problems. A total of 397 children with their parents and 97 child patients with their parents were asked to complete the PSC Korean version and the child behavior checklist (CBCL). The internal reliability and test-retest reliability of the PSC as well as the cut-off score of the PSC was determined via receiver operating characteristic analysis of the CBCL score, clinical group scores and non-clinical group scores. The internal consistency of the PSC-Korean version was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95). The test-retest reliability was r = 0.73 (P < 0.001). Using clinical CBCL scores (total score, externalizing score, internalizing score, respectively > or = 60) and presence of clinical diagnosis, the recommended cut-off score of the PSC was 14. Using 494 Korean children aged 7-12 yr, the current study assessed the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the PSC and suggested a cut-off for recommending further clinical assessment. The present results suggest that the Korean version of the PSC has good internal consistency and validity using the standard of CBCL scores.
Checklist/methods/*standards ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders/*diagnosis/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening/standards ; Pediatrics/*standards ; Population ; Psychometrics/methods/*standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surveys and Questionnaires/standards ; Symptom Assessment/methods/*standards ; Translating ; United States

Child ; Child Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; Cognition Disorders ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; psychology

OBJECTIVE: This research focuses on the psychologic status of children patients with congenital malformation of external and middle ear by Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in order to explore the degree of the influence. METHOD: The 66 patients of 4-16 years old were assessed psychologic status with CBCL filled in by their parents according to their performance in half a year. Then calculated the detection rate of behav ioral disorders of these patients. Collected all patients' general information and Marx's grade of malformed ears. Then analyzed the relationship between the detection rate and these factors. RESULT: The detection rate of behavioral disorders of 4-16 years old patients, 21.21%, which is higher than that of Chinese norm. The Marx's grade and parents' mental stress relate with the behavioral disorders. In Logistic regression analysis, the value of Cox & Snell coefficient of the regression model is 0. 153. The detection rate of behavioral disorders in grade III patients (36.4%) is greater than that of grade II (4.3%), P = 0.004. CONCLUSION Congenital malformation of external and middle ear has an absolute influence on the patients' psychologic status, but its effect is only about 15% parts of the multitudinous influential factors. And grade III patients carry a high-risk for behavioral disorders.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders ; epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; Ear, External ; abnormalities ; Ear, Middle ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Psychology, Child