Child ; Child Behavior ; Child Behavior Disorders ; diagnosis ; Child Development ; Developmental Disabilities ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; diagnosis ; Pediatrics ; Severity of Illness Index ; Terminology as Topic

PURPOSE: We evaluated tic symptoms in children with frequent eye-blinking and examined the differences in mothering behavior and childhood behavioral problems between the tic and normal children, and the clinical factors correlated with tics. METHODS: Fifty children with frequent eye-blinking were evaluated by an experienced psychiatrist and the severity of tic symptoms was assessed with the Korean version of Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. The Korean version of Mothering Behavior Rating Instrument and Child Behavior Checklist were accomplished by the mothers of the tic and normal children. RESULTS: Forty three (86%) children were diagnosed as tic disorders. The diagnostic subtypes were as follows : 39 transient tic disorders, two chronic tic disorders, and two Tourette's disorders. Twenty-nine had a simple motor tic, 10 had complex motor tics, and 4 had motor tics with vocal tics. Medication was needed for two children with Tourette's disorders and the other two who revisited with aggravated symptoms after six months. There was no difference in mothering behavior and childhood behavior problems between tic and normal children. The severity of tic was significantly correlated with the somatic symptoms and attentional problems in child behavior problems, and duration of symptoms CONCLUSIONS: Transient tic disorder was the most common diagnosis. Four children with chronic tic and Tourette's disorder needed psychiatric medications. Compared with normal children, there was no difference in mothering and childhood behavior problem in tic children. It is suggested that tics may become more severe with the longer duration of symptom and may influence the somatic symptoms and attention.
Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mothers ; Psychiatry ; Tic Disorders* ; Tics* ; Tourette Syndrome

OBJECTIVEThe present study investigated the behavioral patterns of autistic children during infancy to provide clues for early identification of childhood autism.

METHODSThe abnormal behaviors of 30 children with autism and 26 children with other developmental disorders in infancy were investigated.

RESULTSThe children with autism presented a series of abnormal behaviors, including no social smile, no eye contact and no respond to own name, and joint attention deficiency, which were distinguished from the children with other developmental disorders. The imitation and attachment behaviors were significantly different between the two groups. Repetitive motor actions and interest peculiarity were only seen in children with autism.

CONCLUSIONSThe children with autism may present a series of abnormal behaviors as early as in infancy. The abnormal behaviors facilitate early diagnosis of autism.

Autistic Disorder ; diagnosis ; psychology ; Child Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the behavior problems of children aged 3 to 5 years in Changsha and to compare the differences of the results detected by the norm of Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) in Chinese and American urban children.

METHODSA total of 854 children aged 3 to 5 years were randomly sampled from 5 districts in Changsha City and their parents completed the Conners PSQ.

RESULTSThe assessment by the norm of PSQ in American urban children demonstrated that the average prevalence of behavior problems was 20.4%, with 28.1% for boys and 12.4% for girls. There were significant differences between boys and girls (P<0.01). The factor score of anxiety in girls was markedly higher than that in boys (P<0.01). Learning and psychosomatic problems were the main problems in the children. The prevalences of conduct problems and impulse-restlessness, and abnormal restlessness index detected by the norm of PSQ in Chinese urban children were higher than those detected by the American norm. The prevalences of conduct problems and psychosomatic problems in boys by the norm of PSQ in Chinese urban children were significantly lower than those detected by the American norm, while the total prevalence of behavior problems was higher than that detected by American norm. There was a poor consistency in the assessment results of most factors of the PSQ and the total prevalence of behavior problems detected by the Chinese and American norms (KappP<0.4).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of behavior problems especially learning problems and psychosomatic problems in children aged 3 to 5 years is higher in Changsha. The consistency of assessment results is poor between the norms of China and America. It is recommended to use the China norm of PSQ in Chinese children aged 3 to 5 years because the Chinese norm is in line with China's national conditions and cultural background.

Child Behavior Disorders ; diagnosis ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Urban Health

Child Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Dyskinesias ; etiology ; Encephalitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; etiology

OBJECTIVES: Child abuse can affect mental and physical health of abused children. Accurate assessment of mental health of abused children is integral to providing proper treatment and preventing any further impact of childhood abuse on their future life. In this study, we investigated psychiatric illnesses among abused children. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Korean Version were conducted for 61 abused children after obtaining consent from their guardians. We also assessed the relationship between the demographic data of these abused children and their diagnoses. RESULTS: Among the abused children, more than half had more than one psychiatric disorder. The most frequently diagnosed disorders were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. The incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder was higher in abused girls compared with abused boys. Abused children had a higher suicide risk than the general population. Among the parents of abused children, 50.8% had alcohol use disorders. CONCLUSION: Among the abused children, 50.8% had psychiatric disorders. Administration of intensive psychiatric treatment to abused children, and prevention of child abuse by education, treatment, and monitoring high-risk parents is imperative.
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ; Child Abuse ; Child* ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mental Disorders* ; Mental Health ; Mood Disorders ; Parents ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Suicide

Adult ; Affective Symptoms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Humans ; Research Design ; Singapore ; epidemiology

Brain ; physiology ; Child ; Child Behavior ; physiology ; Child Development ; physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Motor Activity ; physiology ; Motor Skills Disorders ; diagnosis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Behavior Assessment for Children (BAC) in a community of school-aged children in Taiwan. METHOD: A school-based sample comprising third grade and fourth grade students was recruited from Taichung City in Taiwan. The parents (n = 248) and teachers (n = 15) of these students completed structured questionnaires, including the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the proposed BAC. Content validity, concurrent validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability of the BAC were assessed. RESULTS: The BAC comprised three subscales (attention, emotion, and self-control) that included 17 items. The content validity index (CVI) score was 0.98. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis (goodness of fit = .90, root mean square of residual = .03, root mean square error of approximation = .06, and comparative fit index = .94) supported the construct validity of the three BAC subscales. The concurrent validity of the BAC subscales significantly correlated with the compatible CBCL subscales (r = .59-.78, p < .001). Cronbach α of the subscales of the BAC ranged from .78 to .92. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the parents and teachers ranged from .31 to .44, and the joint probability of agreement ranged from 31.4% to 92.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The BAC is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating behavioral problems in schoolaged children.
*Attention ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders/*diagnosis ; *Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; *Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Self-Control ; Taiwan

Behavioral Medicine ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Child Behavior Disorders ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; psychology ; Child Development ; Child Health Services ; trends ; China ; Developmental Disabilities ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; history ; trends ; Prospective Studies ; Psychology, Child