No abstract available.
Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual/*diagnosis ; Crying ; Humans ; *Physicians

This paper reviews relevant literatures at home and abroad. The cases of child sexual abuse are systematically discussed from the aspects of epidemiology and forensic examination, in order to develop and improve the inspection and appraisal thinking and ability of domestic forensic workers in such cases. The paper also briefly introduces the current situation and existing problems of dealing with child sexual abuse cases for case-handling units at base level in China, in order to provide help to the formulation, improvement and development of relevant standards and norms for child protection in China.
Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis* ; Child Protective Services ; China ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Physical Examination/methods*

OBJECTIVES: The goals of the study are how to establish the cohort systems for the children and adolescents victims with sexual abuse in Korea and to identify the risk and protective factors that influence mental health in child sexual abuse (CSA). This is initial assessment data based on the analysis of cohort variables for baseline evaluation of subjects. METHODS: We constructed the cohort systems for CSA victims recruited by Seoul Sunflower Children Center, CSA victims protection center. The initial assessment data which consisted of demographic and psychological inventories of CSA victims and their parents/families, psychiatric diagnoses were the results of statistical analysis of 65 subjects under 19 years old for 3 years 7 months. RESULTS: The initial data were followings : female participants, N=56; mean age, 11.6 (SD=4.5); the most sexual assault, molestation 71.8%; victims, family and acquaintance 87.1%; 61.5% of the subjects diagnosed with psychiatric disorder; 29.2% diagnosed with PTSD and 23.1% diagnosed with depression. Mean duration for abuse to report is 1.5 years. Mean score of IES-R-K, TSCYC-avoidant and CBCL-problematic behavior were increased above clinical cut-off. CONCLUSIONS: CSA victims tend to have high risks in mental health problem. The cohort study could provide the risk and protective factors of CSA in mental health, and construct the predictive model for mental illness in Korea.
Adolescent ; Child Abuse, Sexual ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Equipment and Supplies ; Female ; Helianthus ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Protective Factors ; Seoul ; Sex Offenses ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate victims of child sexual abuse and assess the similarities and differences between them. METHODS: The authors studied retrospectively 55 patients among 230 sexual abuse victims between the ages 2 and 13 who visited and were treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Police Hospital between the dates Oct, 13, 2001 and Mar, 25, 2003 were followed and observed. RESULTS: Female infants and children composed 94.5% instances of sexual abuse were most common between 4 and 7 o'clock in the afternoon. Unlike adult cases, assailants were in most cases acquaintances (55.5%), and the crimes were committed most often at the homes of either victim or assailant (50.9%). 38.2% of victims had been directed to the National Police Hospital from police stations, 21.8% from other hospitals. Diagnosis resulted in 5.5% of cases with no observable symptoms, 18.2% with lacerations, among these cases 1 instance (1.8%) requiring surgical repair. 1 case each of Gonorrhea and genital herpes were found, with no instances of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Child sexual abuse results in life-long bodily and psychological stress for both the victim and his/her family. Witnesses are in some cases unable to testify in legal proceedings, and the gathering of evidence is more difficult than in adult cases. This could lead to frequent social and legal negligence. Cooperation among such numerous and various professional institutions as hospitals, child guidance clinics, child psychiatrists, police, prosecutory offices and the courts is requisite to the settlement of these cases. Since the gynecologist plays the leading role in the identification and treatment of child and infant sexual abuse victims, and is often the first to come in contact with these cases, careful attention is required in the processes of inspection, inquiry, evidence collection, treatment and diagnosis.
Adult ; Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual* ; Child Guidance Clinics ; Child* ; Crime ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Friends ; Gonorrhea ; Gynecology ; Herpes Genitalis ; Humans ; Infant ; Lacerations ; Malpractice ; Obstetrics ; Police ; Pregnancy ; Psychiatry ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Offenses ; Stress, Psychological

The purpose of the present study was to develop a Korean version of the trauma symptom checklist for children (TSCC) and to examine its reliability and validity for screening posttraumatic stress symptoms. A normative group of 405 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 yr participated in the study. A test-retest procedure was conducted with 76 participants from the normative group after 4 weeks. In the traumatized group, 73 children and adolescents of the same age from the Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Center were included. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the total scale (0.95, ranging 0.79-0.85 on the clinical scales) and test-retest reliability for the total scale (r=0.91, ranging 0.71-0.87 on the clinical scales) were found. Confirmatory 6-factor analysis explained 51.1% of the variance. Other measures such as concurrent or discriminative validity were also shown to be satisfactory. In conclusion, the Korean version of TSCC has been shown to be a screening instrument with satisfactory psychometric qualities that is capable of identifying trauma symptoms among children and adolescents who have self-reported experiencing trauma or for whom clinicians have identified traumatic experiences.
Adolescent ; Analysis of Variance ; Anxiety ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Checklist/*methods ; Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology ; Depression/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis/psychology ; Observer Variation ; *Psychology, Adolescent ; Psychometrics ; Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/*psychology

The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) including reliability and validity. The TSCYC is an instrument to identify trauma symptoms in children from age 3 to 12 yr by their caretakers. The Korean version of the TSCYC was administered to the caretakers of a normative group of 299 children (137 boys and 162 girls) aged 3 to 12 yr and a traumatized group of 73 sexually abused children (22 boys and 51 girls) aged 3 to 12 yr and their caretakers rated the TSCYC and the Child Behavior Checklist and the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory. Among normative group, 88 performed a re-test after 4 weeks. The internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha of total scale of the TSCYC was 0.92 (normative group) and 0.96 (traumatized group). For the nine clinical scales in the TSCYC, it ranged between 0.46-0.92 and 0.77-0.96, respectively. Test-retest correlation of the TSCYC was good (Pearson r score ranging 0.52-0.96). Correlations between the TSCYC and other measures of corresponding constructs were satisfactory. Regarding discriminant validity, the mean total score of the TSCYC was significantly higher in the traumatized children than in the normative group. This study demonstrated that Korean version of the TSCYC is a reliable measure with excellent internal consistency and good stability over 4-week test-retest interval. It can be recommended for clinicians to screen for trauma symptoms after child sexual abuse in Korean young children between the ages 3 and 12.
Checklist/*methods ; Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual/*classification ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/classification/*diagnosis ; *Surveys and Questionnaires ; Symptom Assessment/*methods ; *Trauma Severity Indices

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an admission cohort of schizophrenic patients from two university affiliated psychiatric units in Korea. Differences in symptomatology between those with and without trauma were also assessed. METHODS: The consecutive sixty one inpatients (32 women and 29 men), who were diagnosed with schizophrenia by SCID-I, completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: Forty patients (66%) had at least one traumatic event in their life time. The most common traumatic event was child physical abuse (34%), followed by accidents (21%), traumatic loss (18%), witnessing violence (15%), child sexual abuse (10%), natural disaster (8%), adult physical assaults (8%), adult sexual assaults (5%), and psychotic symptoms (5%). Only one patient (2%), however, was diagnosed with current PTSD. Patients with traumatic events compared to those without traumatic events demonstrated significantly higher scores on State anxiety scale (p=.006) and several subscales of SCL-90-R including paranoia, anxiety, phobia, interpersonal sensitivity, and degree of psychosis. No differences of sociodemographic and clinical background variables were found between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Low rate (2%) of current PTSD found in this study is comparable to North American literature reporting 10-46% of PTSD within the schizophrenic population. Absence of substance abuse or homelessness and low rate of sexual violence in these Korean patients may explain the discrepant rates. However, distinct symptom profiles of patients with trauma may suggest that PTSD diagnosis runs short of describing such patients. The results from this study imply that schizophrenia per se may not be associated with increased prevalence in current PTSD diagnosis.
Adult ; Anxiety ; Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual ; Cohort Studies ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Disasters ; Female ; Homeless Persons ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Korea ; Paranoid Disorders ; Phobic Disorders ; Prevalence* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia* ; Sex Offenses ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Violence

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify psychopathologies of sexually abused children and intervening variables of symptom severity. METHODS: Eighty-four school-aged children were identified for sexual abuse from a center for child sexual abuse by psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and social workers. We analyzed correlations among symptom severity, types of sexual abuse, gender, age, relationship with the abuser, family system, and current and past psychopathologies. RESULTS: The percentage of victims with particular psychiatric disorders (current) were 79.8%. Children without identifiable disorders were 20.2%, but these children had significantly increased scores on self report scales of anxiety (RCMAS), depression (CDI), and withdrawal scores on parental reports of child behavior checklist (K-CBCL). Sixty nine percent of abused children had primary diagnosis related to sexual abuse in DSM-IV diagnositic system. PTSD was 41.7%, depressive disorder was 38.1%, and anxiety disorder was 21.4%. Psychopathologies were more severe if perpetrators were of acquaintance or if victims had previous psychopathologies or parent-child relational problems. Types of primary caregiver and older age were also related to the severity of psychopathologies. CONCLUSION: Present study suggests that most victims of childhood sexual abuse suffer from significant psychological distress. Intervening variables are relationship with the perpetrator, previous mental health status, age of the child, type of the primary care taker, and the quality of parent-child relationship.
Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Caregivers ; Checklist ; Child Abuse, Sexual ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mental Health ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Primary Health Care ; Psychiatry ; Psychology ; Psychopathology* ; Self Report ; Sex Offenses ; Social Workers ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Weights and Measures