No abstract available.
Child ; Child, Orphaned* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child ; Child, Orphaned* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child ; Child, Orphaned* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child ; Child, Orphaned* ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: The retinoid-related orphan receptor A (RORA) gene has been reported to have an impact on circadian rhythm regulation. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the RORA gene polymorphism and diurnal preference in Korean young adults. METHODS: A population of 504 young adults was included in the study. All subjects were given and completed a 13-item composite scale for morningness (CSM). The RORA gene rs11071547 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was genotyped by PCR-based methods. RESULTS: CSM score was not associated with genotype or allele carrier status of the RORA rs11071547 SNP. CONCLUSION: This result indicates that the RORA rs11071547 SNP does not play a role in diurnal preference.
Alleles ; Child ; Child, Orphaned ; Circadian Rhythm ; Genotype ; Humans ; Young Adult

We often see hypoplasia of the optic disc in the literatures, but aplasia of the optic nerve is a rare condition. An orphan child of unknown age(9 month of bone age) was found to have an aplsia of optic disc and absence of retinal vessels. In addition she had a slight rise of intraocular pressure in two occassions. Besides her ocular conditions, she didn't have and other physical anomaly.
Child ; Child, Orphaned ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Optic Nerve* ; Retinal Vessels

BACKGROUND: Effective evaluation of an article's scientific merit requires familiarity with the methodology described, especially when quantitative techniques, such as statistical procedures, are invoked to clarify research findings or to summarize data. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency with which various statistical concepts were reported in journals important to dermatology. From these results, dermatologists can identify the major statistical skills needed to critically evaluate their literature. METHODS: All 376 original articles of the Korean Journal of Dermatology(KJD) and the Annals of Dermatology(KAD) during 1990-1994 were chosen for review. Each article was re-viewed to determine the statistical content. RESULTS: The two most commonly used statistical techniques in the two journals were mean and standard deviation. The t-test was the next most frequently used statistical technique in the reviewed journals, followed by non-parametric, chi-square test, orphan p, ANOVA, and correlation/regression. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the need for wider education about the use of descriptive and basic comparative statistics. It is impossible to evaluate the dermatological literature critically without these skills.
Child ; Child, Orphaned ; Dermatology* ; Education ; Humans ; Recognition (Psychology)

In Korea, overseas adoption has been practiced for more than 50 years. Initially, overseas adoption began with the objective to provide permanent homes for Korean war orphans, including mixed-blood children. From 1953 to 2007, about 160,000 Korean children were placed worldwide through overseas adoption and approximately 70,000 children were adopted in Korea. During that period, Korea developed into one of leading industrial countries in the world and the family norms changed dramatically. Since 1989, the Korean government has made diverse efforts to increase domestic adoptions and to support adopted families through the revisions to Korea's Child Welfare Law. However, it is not enough to reduce overseas adoptions rapidly because the Korean government's economic support for adopted families is not adequate and Korean sentiments regarding adoption have not changed. Being an international adoptee is a unique experience, involving dissimilarities of race, ethnicity, and culture. Clearly, it is very important for us to focus on placing Korean children in the best possible environment. Therefore, Korea must make diverse efforts to reduce overseas adoptions and to encourage domestic adoption. First, Korean society has to try to reduce the number of children who need out-of-home care. Second, the Korean government and people should make an effort to increase domestic adoptions, including adoptions of disabled and older children. Finally, the Korean government and adoption agencies have to provide professional pre-adoption and post-adoption services for international adoptees and adoptive parents.
Adoption ; Child ; Child Welfare ; Child, Orphaned ; Continental Population Groups ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Korean War ; Parents

PURPOSE: A clinical trial cannot be adequately interpreted without information about the methods used in the design of the study and the analysis of the results. We would like to evaluate trends in statistical methods and describe the frequency with which various statistical techniques are reported in the Journal of Korean Child Neurology Society. METHODS: We reviewed 288 original articles published in the Journal of Korean Child Neurology Society from 1993 to 2003 to assess the statistical methods. RESULTS: The number of cross-sectional study was 232(80.6%) articles and that of animal study was 45(15.6%) articles but Cohort study was only eleven(3.8%) articles. One hundred twenty seven(44.1%) articles used no statistical methods or descriptive statistics only, frequency of which decreased yearly and 84 articles(29.2%) used T-test, frequency of which increased yearly. Seventy two(25%) articles used contigency tables and twenty three(8.0%) articles used ANOVA. Orphan P where no statistical methods had been specified and only the P value given was presented in 19 articles(6.6%) which decreased yearly. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that medical articles published in the Journal of Korean Child Neurology Society, 1993-2003, were short of their expected quality and the validity of statistical methods used appears to be seriously compromised in this period and has much to be done to improved the current situation. It is concluded that a basic training in biostatistical methods, more consultation of medical investigators with statistician or other experts, careful review by someone in biostatistics or research design before accepting a manuscript are needed.
Animals ; Biostatistics ; Child* ; Child, Orphaned ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Neurology* ; Research Design ; Research Personnel

There are currently 214 orphanages in Korea which house approximately 13,873 orphans aged between 3 and 18; this accounts for about 0.12% of all children in the same age range. Some have lost their parents, but most have come after their parents divorced or broke up. This means majority of the children in Child Care Centers have parents. Traditional virtue of obedience to parents (Hyo) was regarded as one of the highest value in Korea. Also the interaction between parents and their children was regarded as basic human nature that parents look after, both physically and spiritually, their children until they become one of the matured social member. Raised without having a chance to realize their filial duty and not having been cared for by their parents, most orphans feel that they lack something in their lives when compared with friends. In the end, they live their lives longing for their parents and go through mental discord about their parents. This paper is focused on understanding orphans' experience and views on parents. I approached the issue by applying van Manen's Hermeneutic Phenomenological Approach. The interviews, along with other reference material were phenomenologically reflected to draw essential themes as follows; 1. Orphans of pre-school age hazily long for parents without having any practical image of their parents. 2. They occasionally dream meeting their parents with image that can only last in their dreams, and this continues up through middle school. 3. At the age of elementary school, they crave the image of parents as they see their friends with their parents. 4. They start to despise their parents for having abandoned them when they reach puberty. 5. Meanwhile, as their vague image of parents fade away, they attempt to give up their thoughts toward their parents. 6. Highteens start to think in terms of fate. 7. They don't long for their parents anymore as they used to, but still wishes to meet them at least once. However, they don't want to start any kind of a relationship with them. 8. They fear that they will also fail in raising families of their own, and making their children orphans too, just like their parents have. They simply don't want to follow their footsteps. 9. Thinking that they were abandoned by their parents, they are reluctant to believe other people.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child Care ; Child, Orphaned ; Divorce ; Friends ; Human Characteristics ; Humans ; Korea ; Orphanages ; Parents* ; Puberty ; Thinking ; Virtues