[Objective] In this study, we retrospectively investigated the efficacy of Kampo medicine for refractory acne patients with standard therapy in Japan.
[Patients] Two hundred and thirty nine patients with inflammatory acne completed the study. Six Patients discontinued their systemic treatment because of adverse events. The patients included 193 females and 46 males, with a mean age of 26.5 years. They took Kampo medicine three times daily for 3 months, in a manner according to our protocol.
[Result] For females, 163 of 199 patients (82%) were in the KUOKETSUZAI Group taking medicines such as keisibukuryogankayokuinin, tokishakuyakusan, tokakujyokito, and kamishoyosan. Here, 124 of 163 patients (76%) had a significant decrease in new and inflammatory eruptions after taking the Kampo medicines alone or in combinations with other KUOKETSUZAI medicines. Fourteen of 19 patients (74%) took seijobofuto, of which 6 of 7 females (86%), and 1 of 3 males (33%) had decreased acne eruptions. Also in KUOKETSUZAI group, significant efficacy was shown in females over 21 years of age on combinations. For males, 18 of 23 patients (78%) taking keigairengyoto and 14 of 20 patients (70%) taking seijobofuto, also had decreased inflammatory acne eruptions.
[Conclusion] Kampo medicines exhibit significant efficacy for the treatment of the refractory acne.
KUOKESTUZAI : category of oriental medicines that improve peripheral blood flow while concurrently facilitating wound healing, and that regulate hormone balance, and improve gastrointestinal motility ; e.g. keisibukuryogankayokuinin, tokishakuyakusan, tokakujyokito, kamishoyosan.

1) In problem-based learning (PBL) tutorials during the2nd year, general symptoms (fatigue, weight change, bleeding, fever, pain, and edema) were chosen as subjects.Changes in the students'way of thinking about how to learn were evaluated before and after PBL tutorials.
2) After tutorials students were significantly more likely to believe that their participation in tutorials was a more effective way of learning. The students'views after tutorials on listening to lectures differed between2006and2007.
3) We conclude that PBL tutorials affect medical students'views about learning.

BACKGROUND: Plastic resins are complex chemicals that contain toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and/or trimellitic anhydride (TMA), which cause occupational allergies (OA), including respiratory allergies. Serum IgGs against TDI and TMA have been suggested as potential markers of the exposure status and as exploring cause of OA. Although TDI-specific IgG has been examined for suspected OA, TMA-specific IgG is not commonly evaluated in a urethane foam factory. This study therefore investigated both TDI- and TMA-specific IgGs in suspected OA patients and to evaluate the usefulness of the measurement of multiple chemical-specific IgG measurement for practical monitoring. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from two male workers who developed respiratory allergies supposedly caused by occupational exposure to TDI and/or TMA for the presence of TDI- and TMA-specific IgGs. In addition, blood samples from 75 male workers from a urethane foam factory, along with 87 male control subjects, were collected in 2014 and tested for the same IgGs in 2014. The presence and levels of TDI- and TMA-specific serum IgGs were measured using dot blot assays. RESULTS: We found that controls had mean concentrations of TDI- and TMA-specific IgGs of 0.98 and 2.10 μg/mL, respectively. In the two workers with respiratory allergies, the TDI-specific IgG concentrations were 15.6 and 9.51 μg/mL, and TMA-specific IgG concentrations were 4.56 and 14.4 μg/mL, which are clearly higher than those in controls. Mean concentrations of TDI- and TMA-specific IgGs in the factory workers were 1.89 and 2.41 μg/mL, respectively, and are significantly higher than those of the controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.026 for TDI- and TMA-specific IgGs, respectively). CONCLUSION The workers suspected of OA showed an evidently high level of TDI- and TMA-specific IgG, and these levels in workers at the urethane foam factory were also significantly higher than those in controls. In conclusion, the measurement of TDI- and TMA-specific IgG among workers using plastic resins is helpful to monitor their exposure status.
Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; immunology ; Japan ; Male ; Manufacturing and Industrial Facilities ; statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; blood ; chemically induced ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data ; Phthalic Anhydrides ; immunology ; toxicity ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity ; blood ; chemically induced ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate ; immunology ; toxicity ; Workforce