OBJECTIVETo examine the effectiveness of a drug abuse prevention program focusing on social influences for drug education classes in high school.

METHODSThe social influence program in the experimental group used role-playing led by a pharmacist, a police officer and a teacher. The intervention evaluation used a quasi-experimental design. The subjects were first-year students from 10 high schools assigned to the experimental group (6 schools, 828 students) and the control group (4 schools, 408 students). In the control group, a pharmacist used a conventional information program in a lecture format.

RESULTSRegarding knowledge about drug abuse, in both the experimental and control groups, and for both males and females, a long-term effect was observed immediately after the program and lasted up to 15 months. For three other measures, attitudes toward drug abuse problem, self-efficacy regarding drug abuse prevention, and perception of social support for preventing drug abuse, a short-term effect was generally observed in the experimental group beginning immediately after the program and lasting for 3 months. A long-term effect was evident in high-risk students with positive opinions regarding drugs. In the control group and for both males and females, although an effect was generally evident immediately after the program, neither a short-nor a long-term effect was observed in males, suggesting the difficulty in achieving lasting effects.

CONCLUSIONSThe social influence program in the experimental group showed remarkable effectiveness. Thus, the program may be useful for preventing drug abuse among high school students in Japan.

OBJECTIVES: Glucocorticoid (GC) treatment inhibits activation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which is essential for osteoblast differentiation from stem cells. As a result, GC treatment results in bone loss, GC-induced osteoporosis (GIO), elevated fracture risk, and delayed bone healing. Bisphosphonates such as alendronate (ALN) are recommended for treating or preventing GIO, and lowintensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) facilitates fracture healing and maturation of regenerated bone. Combined therapy with ALN and LIPUS may stimulate cancellous bone healing in GIO rats. Here, we examined the effect of ALN and LIPUS on cancellous bone osteotomy repair in the proximal tibia of GIO rats. METHODS: Prednisolone (10 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered for 4 weeks to induce GIO in 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. Tibial osteotomy was then performed and daily subcutaneous injection of ALN (1-µg/kg body weight) was subsequently administered alone or in combination with LIPUS (20 min/day) for 2 or 4 weeks. RESULTS: ALN significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) at 2 and 4 weeks, and ALN + LIPUS significantly increased BMD at 4 weeks. Bone union rates were significantly increased after 2 and 4 weeks ALN and ALN + LIPUS treatment. Lastly, ALN and ALN + LIPUS significantly increased the proportion of Runx2 positive cells at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: ALN monotherapy and combined ALN and LUPUS treatment augmented BMD and stimulated cancellous bone repair with increased Runx2 expression at the osteotomy site in GIO rats. However, the combined treatment had no additional effect on cancellous bone healing compared to ALN monotherapy.
Alendronate* ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic* ; Diphosphonates ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Infant ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoporosis ; Osteotomy* ; Prednisolone ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; Tibia* ; Transcription Factors ; Ultrasonic Waves*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of teriparatide (TPTD) on bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength, and bone quality in Akita mouse models of diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Twelve-week-old female Akita mice and control mice (C57/BL/6NCrSlc) were divided into 4 groups: control mice treated with vehicle (n = 7) or TPTD (n = 6); and Akita mice treated with vehicle (n = 6) or TPTD (n = 7). TPTD or vehicle was administered subcutaneously 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Blood glucose, serum sclerostin, total tibial BMD, femoral shaft bone strength, and bone quality using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy imaging were evaluated. RESULTS: No significant differences in serum sclerostin levels were evident among these groups after 8 weeks of treatment. TPTD significantly increased BMD in control mice (+12.7%, P = 0.02) and Akita mice (+29.2%, P = 0.001) compared with vehicle. Maximum load and stiffness were significantly higher in Akita mice treated with TPTD than in Akita mice treated with vehicle (+56.6%, P = 0.03 and + 90.5%, P = 0.02, respectively). On Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy imaging, the mineral/matrix ratio was significantly lower in Akita mice treated with vehicle than in control mice (−12.2%, P = 0.02), and TPTD treatment significantly increased the mineral/matrix ratio (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS TPTD thus improved BMD and bone strength in both control mice and Akita mice, with improvements in the mineral/matrix ratio among Akita mice.