No abstract available.
Chickens* ; Yolk Sac*

No abstract available.
Chickens* ; Plasminogen* ; Tendons*

The authors examined the effect and concentration dependency of bromocriptine on the inhibition of axial length elongation in the experimentally induced myopic chicken. Two day-old white Leghorn chicken was monocularly deprived of form vision by lid suture. We measured the axial length of chicken's eye by ultrasonography at 2 day, 2 week, 4 week, and 6 week following repeated ophthalmic dosing beginning at 2 day. The first group was instilled with 0.1 cc of Tris buffer solution, whereas the second, third, and fourth groups were instilled with 0.1cc of 0.01 %, 0.02%, 0.04% bromocriptine solution respectively. All solutions were instilled twice daily for 6 weeks. In the inhibition of axial length elongation, the third group (0.02% bromocriptine) was most effective at 2 week (p<0.05), whereas the second group (0.01% bromocriptine) was most effective at 4 and 6 week (p<0.05). In summary, the axial length elongation of eyeball was effectively retarded by bromocriptine with the best efficacy at 0.02% in short-term dosing while at 0.01% in long-term dosing.
Bromocriptine* ; Chickens* ; Sutures ; Tromethamine ; Ultrasonography

Peritendinous adhesions which develop in the flexor tendons of the digits after injury or operation are still a major problem in the surgery of the hand. The adhesions that are part of the healing process constitute an almost inevitable functional disability during the biological response of the tissue to injury. To achive better gliding function of flexor tendons, continuous efforts are being made to reduce peritendinous adhesions without adversely affecting the healing process itself. To reduce peritendinous adhesions, an aqueous solution of beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) was added to a solution of enriched native collagen (E.C.S.) and applied to the cut tendons of one group: untreated controls and controls treated with collagen solution alone comprised the other groups. Chickens from each group were sacrificed one, three and five weeks after operation. Tn he results were evaluated grossly and pathologically. The results of this experiment were as follows. 1. The collagen solution alone had the same lathylogenic effect as the beta-aminopropionitrile. 2. There were no systemic complications with beta-aminopropionitrile. 3. The beta-aminopropionitrile collagen solutions had the adverse effect on the tendon healings.
Aminopropionitrile ; Chickens ; Collagen ; Hand ; Tendons

No abstract available.
Chickens* ; Ovum* ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Trigger Points*

No abstract available.
Chickens* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Influenza, Human* ; Orthomyxoviridae*

This study was conducted to offer basic data that give effective ways to inform the country-of-origin labeling, where the ingredients they are serving are from, at school foodservice and to reconsider the importance of the labeling origin based on the survey by the elementary school students. 96.0% of the elementary school students agreed to the regulation about the country-of-origin labeling and the older students were influenced more by media and also supported the labeling. About the tendency of ingesting food from the country the students didn't like, 69% of them disagreed to eat. In the ways to label the country-of-origin labeling at school foodservice, elementary school students recognized easily the indication of origin designed by menu items, letter type. 76% of elementary school students checked the country-of-origin labeling posted at restaurants. When the students eat out, 68% of them were unwilling to have the food using the ingredients from the country they don't like. The country-of-origin for main ingredients such as beef, pork, chicken and other meat products, rice, kimchi had high importance scores. We found that the students think about the country-of-origin for main ingredients is important. Consequently, education and public relations of the country-of-origin labeling for elementary school students would be required.
Chickens ; Humans ; Meat Products ; Public Relations ; Restaurants

The purpose of this study was to suggest menu pricing strategy based on understanding about customer perceived value of products and services. The technique known as PSM (Price Sensitivity Measurement) was used for analysis of price sensitivity for 3 menu items of a family restaurant in Seoul. A questionnaire was developed through literature review and modified after pilot test. Questionnaires for the main survey were distributed to 250 customers on their visit to the restaurant, and a total of 138 questionnaires were used for analysis (55.2%). The statistical analysis of price sensitivity was conducted using PSM, and descriptive analyses were conducted using SPSS Win (12.0). The main results of this study were as follows: the price sensitivity of beef tenderloin steak was higher than two other menus and the stress range of teriyaki chicken was almost 0, that is, the price sensitivity of teriyaki chicken was very low. Present menu prices of 3 menu items were within the range of acceptable prices, but had some distances from the optimal pricing point. From the result of this study, it was concluded that price adjustment or price promotion strategy would be effective for increase in sales of beef tenderloin steak, and marketing strategies to enhance consumers' perceptions of value should be conducted for all menu items by situations. Overall, PSM technique could be a helpful tool for researchers and managers of foodservice organizations to understand how consumers' perceptions of value are affected by the interaction of price and quality.
Chickens ; Commerce ; Humans ; Marketing ; Restaurants* ; Seoul

Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction that can be fatal in some patients. Identifying the cause of anaphylaxis is very important, because this disease is preventable. Food is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis. Allergy to chicken meat is uncommon, and only a few cases have been reported on anaphylaxis to chicken meat. We herein report on a 7 year-old girl who had anaphylaxis to chicken meat, which was diagnosed with an oral food challenge.
Anaphylaxis ; Chickens ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Meat ; Polyenes

Little evidence supports the existence of imprinted genes in chicken. Imprinted genes are thought to be intimately connected with the acquisition of parental resources in mammals; thus, the predicted lack of this type of gene in chicken is not surprising, given that they leave their offspring to their own heritance after conception. In this study, we identified several imprinted genes and their orthologs in human, mouse, and zebrafish, including 30 previously identified human and mouse imprinted genes. Next, using the HomoloGene database, we identified six orthologous genes in human, mouse, and chicken; however, no orthologs were identified for SLC22A18, and mouse Ppp1r9a was not included in the HomoloGene database. Thus, from our analysis, four candidate chicken imprinted genes (IGF2, UBE3A, PHLDA2, and GRB10) were identified. To expand our analysis, zebrafish was included, but no probe ID for UBE3A exists in this species. Thus, ultimately, three candidate imprinted genes (IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10) in chicken were identified. GRB10 was not significant in chicken and zebrafish based on the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, whereas a weak correlation between PHLDA2 in chicken and human was identified from the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Significant associations between human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish were found for IGF2 and GRB10 using the Friedman's test. Based on our results, IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10 are candidate imprinted genes in chicken. Importantly, the strongest candidate was PHLDA2.
Animals ; Chickens ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Mice ; Parents ; Zebrafish