PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Behavior Assessment for Children (BAC) in a community of school-aged children in Taiwan. METHOD: A school-based sample comprising third grade and fourth grade students was recruited from Taichung City in Taiwan. The parents (n = 248) and teachers (n = 15) of these students completed structured questionnaires, including the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the proposed BAC. Content validity, concurrent validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability of the BAC were assessed. RESULTS: The BAC comprised three subscales (attention, emotion, and self-control) that included 17 items. The content validity index (CVI) score was 0.98. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis (goodness of fit = .90, root mean square of residual = .03, root mean square error of approximation = .06, and comparative fit index = .94) supported the construct validity of the three BAC subscales. The concurrent validity of the BAC subscales significantly correlated with the compatible CBCL subscales (r = .59-.78, p < .001). Cronbach α of the subscales of the BAC ranged from .78 to .92. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the parents and teachers ranged from .31 to .44, and the joint probability of agreement ranged from 31.4% to 92.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The BAC is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating behavioral problems in schoolaged children.
*Attention ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders/*diagnosis ; *Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; *Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Self-Control ; Taiwan

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aims of the study were to identify whether a mucous-cap predicts the presence of serrated polyps, and to determine whether additional endoscopic findings predict the presence of a sessile serrated adenomas/polyp (SSA/P). METHODS: We analyzed 147 mucous-capped polyps with corresponding histology, during 2011–2014. Eight endoscopic features (presence of borders, elevation, rim of debris, location in the colon, size ≥10 mm, varicose vessels, nodularity, and alteration in mucosal folds) of mucous-capped polyps were examined to see if they can predict SSA/Ps. RESULTS: A total of 86% (n=126) of mucous-capped polyps were from the right sided serrated pathway (right-sided hyperplastic [n=83], SSA/Ps [n=43], traditional serrated adenoma [n=1]), 10% (n=15) were left-sided hyperplastic polyps, and 3% (n=5) were from the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The presence of a mucous cap combined with varicose vessels was the only significant predictor for SSA/Ps. The other seven characteristics were not found to be statistically significant for SSA/Ps, although location in the colon and the presence of nodularity trended towards significance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that mucous-capped polyps have high predictability for being a part of the serrated pathway. Gastroenterologists should be alert for a mucous-capped polyp with varicose veins, as these lesions have a higher risk of SSA/P.
Adenoma ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Polyps* ; Varicose Veins

INTRODUCTION: Despite reports suggesting an association between COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and pericarditis and myocarditis, detailed nationwide population-based data are sparsely available. We describe the incidence of pericarditis and myocarditis by age categories and sex after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination from a nationwide mass vaccination programme in Singapore. METHODS: The incidence of adjudicated cases of pericarditis and myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination that were reported to the vaccine safety committee between January to July 2021 was compared with the background incidence of myocarditis in Singapore. RESULTS: As of end July 2021, a total of 34 cases were reported (9 pericarditis only, 14 myocarditis only, and 11 concomitant pericarditis and myocarditis) with 7,183,889 doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine administered. Of the 9 cases of pericarditis only, all were male except one. The highest incidence of pericarditis was in males aged 12-19 years with an incidence of 1.11 cases per 100,000 doses. Of the 25 cases of myocarditis, 80% (20 cases) were male and the median age was 23 years (range 12-55 years) with 16 cases after the second dose. A higher-than-expected number of cases were seen in males aged 12-19 and 20-29 years, with incidence rates of 3.72 and 0.98 case per 100,000 doses, respectively. CONCLUSION Data from the national registry in Singapore indicate an increased incidence of pericarditis and myocarditis in younger men after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.
Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects* ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocarditis/etiology* ; Pericarditis/etiology* ; RNA, Messenger ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination/adverse effects* ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; Young Adult ; mRNA Vaccines