The main type of four root canals in maxillary second molar is two-mesiobuccal. Incidence rate of maxillary second molar with two palatal root canals is especially rare. A case of maxillary second molar with two palatal root canals was reported in this article.
Dental Pulp Cavity ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Tooth Root

Stirred culture offers a number of advantages over static systems as it maintains a stable, homogeneous culture environment and is easy to scale-up. This paper focused on the development and application of stirred tank bioreactor to culture hematopoietic cells. Preliminary study of stirred culture of hematopoietic cells was carried out in cord blood mononuclear cells culture in spinner flask. The results showed that the amplification rates of total cell, CFU-GM and BFU-E, with the exception of CFU-Mk, were greater in spinner flask than T-flask. The number of total cells increased 20 fold after 14 days incubation in spinner flask. The amplification rates of CFU-GM, CFU-Mk and BFU-E reached maximum at 10th day, 10th day and 7th day respectively, and the maximal amplification rates were 9.2-fold, 5.5-fold and 2.4-fold respectively, whereas the rate of CD34+ cells in spinner flask was (6.7 +/- 4.0)-fold at day 10. These results indicated that the stirred culture system is better than the static culture systems for hematopoietic cell proliferation. The biocompatibility of cord blood MNC to different types of materials used in bioreactors was also tested. The results showed that glass, stainless steel 316L and polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE) supported the growth of hematopoietic cells well. A higher cell density was reached in stirred bioreactors with controlled pH and DO than static culture. These findings suggested that the controlled large-scale culture could be used to overcome the clinical shortage of hematopoietic cells.
Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Erythroid Precursor Cells ; cytology ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Stainless Steel

Objective To study the association between serum albumin level and first-onset AMI.Methods A total of 2172 patients with first-onset AMI served as an observation group and 3395 CHD-free patients served as a control group.The association between serum albumin level and first-onset AMI was analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results The serum albumin level was significantly lower in observation group than in control group (40.0 g/L vs 41.4 g/L,P=0.000).On a continuous scale,when serum albumin level decreased by 1 standard deviation (～4 g/L),adjusted OR (95％CI) was 1.87 (1.75-2.01),1.85 (1.71-2.01),1.48 (1.26-1.74) for AMI in the total patients,male patients and female patients,respectively.On a categorical scale,Q1 (albumin level ≥43.8 g/L) was used as reference.Stratifying by age showed that adjusted OR (95％CI) was Q2 1.43 (1.12-1.82),Q3 1.95 (1.53-2.47),Q4 2.52 (1.95-3.27),Q5 4.51 (3.40-6.00) for AMI in patients aged ＜65 years and was Q2 1.61 (1.042.5),Q3 2.21 (1.48-3.31),Q4 3.34 (2.244.99),Q5 4.77 (3.22-7.08) in patients aged ≥65 years (P-for-trend ＜ 0.01).Stratifying by gender showed that serum albumin level was negatively associated with AMI in both sexes (P-for-trend ＜0.01).Conclusions Serum albumin level is negatively associated with the risk of first-onset AMI in a dose-response manner regardless of stratifying by age and/or gender.

OBJECTIVESecond mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) is a recently identified, novel pro-apoptotic molecule, which is released from mitochondria into the cytosol during apoptosis. Smac promotes activation of caspases by neutralizing members of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family, such as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). The objective of the study was to examine the pro-apoptotic effect of human Smac gene on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells.

METHODSThe full length cDNA of human Smac gene was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR from total RNA of HEK-293 cells. The PCR product was ligated with linearized vector pGEM-T-easy supplied in the TA cloning kit and sequenced. The correct cDNA of full length Smac was subcloned into eukaryocytic expression vector pcDNA3.1/myc-his and transfected into human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji by lipofectamine-mediated transfection. The expression of full length Smac was determined by Western blot. Morphological observation was done with the laser scanning confocal microscope by double staining the Raji cells with Hoechest 33,258 and propidium iodide. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis. Relative caspase-3 activity was determined by colorimetric assay.

RESULTSRecombinant eukaryocytic expression vector pcDNA3.1/Smac, which contained full length Smac, was successfully constructed. After pcDNA 3.1/Smac was transfected into human Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cell line for 24 hours, Raji cells showed apparent apoptosis with a percentage of (43.7 +/- 2.5)%, which was higher than that of non-transfected group and free vector-transfected group (P < 0.05). Compared with non-transfected group (0.136 +/- 0.036) and free vector-transfected group (0.138 +/- 0.026), the relative caspase-3 activity of Raji cells transfected by pcDNA3.1/Smac (0.936 +/- 0.041) was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTransfection and expression of human Smac gene could significantly induce apoptosis of human Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. The mechanism is associated with the increase of caspase-3 activity.

Apoptosis ; genetics ; Blotting, Western ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; Flow Cytometry ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, and treatment of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (MGIST).

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect CD117, CD34, S100, vimentin and SMA expressions. The postoperative curative effect was compared between the patients with or without imatinib treatment.

RESULTSRadical resection was performed in 60 cases. Twenty-two tumors with a mean diameter of 5.3 cm were potentially malignant, and 38 tumor with a mean diameter of 9.2 cm were malignant. Microscopical examination revealed haemorrhagia or necrosis, abundant tumor cells, heteromorphism and caryocinesia of the tumors. 54 Cases were CD117 positive, 53 cases CD34 positive, 48 cases vimentin positive, 27 cases S100 positiveì16 cases SMA positive. The two-year recurrence rate was 80.5% in the patients without postoperative imatinib treatment, significantly higher than 21.1% in the patients with postoperative imatinib treatment(P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCD117 and CD34 markers are most valuable diagnostic indexes of MGIST, but its final diagnosis depends on pathology. Postoperative imatinib treatment is most effective to control recurrence and metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Benzamides ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVEThe pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats with doxorubicin-induced nephropathy and its possible roles in the pathogenesis of MCNS.

METHODSEighty-three male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into a control group (n=32) and a nephropathy group (n=51). Nephropathy was induced by a single tail vein injection of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg). The control group was injected with normal saline. Twenty-four-hour urinary protein excretion was measured 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection. IL-6 expression in urine and renal tissues was determined using ELISA 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection.

RESULTSThe urinary protein excretion increased significantly in the nephropathy group 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). IL-6 expression in urine and renal tissues increased significantly 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). IL-6 expression in urine and renal tissues was positively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein excretion in the nephropathy group (r=0.794, P<0.01; r= 0.870, P<0.01). IL-6 expression in urine was positively correlated with that in renal tissues (r=0.739, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIL-6 expression in the urine and renal tissues is increased in MCNS rats. IL-6 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of MCNS.

Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Doxorubicin ; toxicity ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Kidney ; chemistry ; Male ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate the effects of regular and irregular mandatory treadmill running (TR) on learning and memory abilities,stress response,survival and maturation of newborn neurons in dentate area of C57 mice. Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into regular running group (n=16,definite time and quantity), irregular running group (n=16,definite time and different quantities) and sedentary group (n=16).Injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU,50 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to mice from the 1st d to the 7th d of exercise,and then,these mice were subjected to a 4-wk TR training course or sedentary exercise.Double irnmunofluorescence labeling was employed to observe the effect of TR on survival and maturation of newborn neurons. Mice were trained on the Morris water maze to test the abilities of learning and memory. Corticosterone (CORT).level in the venous blood was measured with a radioimmunoassay kit. Results As compared with that in mice of the irregular running group and sedentary group,significant decrease of latency was noted in mice of the regular running group on the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th d of place navigation test (P＜0.05). As compared with that in mice of the sedentary group, significant decrease of latency was noted in mice of the irregular running group and regular running group on the 2nd d of place navigation test (P＜0.05),while no significant difference of that was noted between mice of the irregular running group and regular running group (P＞0.05).The platform was removed for a 60-s probe test 4 h after the last trial to test the recall ability, and the times of staying in the target zone in each group were regular running group＞irregular running group＞control group, and significant difference was noted between each 2 groups (P＜0.05). The numbers of double immunofluorescence labeled cells in the dentate gyrus were counted as regular running group＞irregular running group＞control group, and significant difference was noted between each 2 groups (P＜0.05). The serum CORT level was measured as regular running group＜irregular running group＜control group, and significant difference was noted between each 2 groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion Mandatory treadmill running could improve the learning and memory abilities,which may be related to the increment of survival and maturation of neural precursor cells,and decreased level of serum CORT; and the effect of regular mandatory treadmill running is better than that of irregular mandatory treadmill running.

Background: and Purpose The relationships among interleukin (IL)-10 levels, anxiety, and cognitive status after stroke remain controversial. We aimed to determine the associations of serum IL-10 levels with poststroke anxiety (PSA) and poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Methods: We recruited 350 patients with stroke, of whom only 151 completed a 1-month follow-up assessment. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess the cognitive status and anxiety, respectively. Serum IL-10 levels were measured within 24 hours of admission. Results: IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the PSA group than in the non-PSA group, and they were negatively associated with HAMA scores (r=-0.371, p<0.001). After adjusting for all potential confounders, IL-10 levels remained an independent predictor of PSA (odds ratio=0.471, 95% confidence interval=0.237–0.936, p=0.032). IL-10 levels were strongly correlated with behavior during interviews, psychic anxiety, and somatic anxiety. Patients without PSCI had higher IL-10 levels were higher in non-PSCI patients than in PSCI patients, and they were positively associated with MMSE scores in the bivariate correlation analysis (r=0.169, p=0.038), and also with memory capacity, naming ability, and copying capacity.However, IL-10 did not predict PSCI in the univariable or multivariable logistic regression. Conclusions Low IL-10 levels were associated with increased risks of PSA and PSCI at a 1-month follow-up after stroke. Serum IL-10 levels may therefore be helpful in predicting PSA.

Objective To assess the impact of pre-procedure anemia on the long-term mortality in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary interventions.Methods A total of 1014 ACS patients (≥60 years of age) with hemoglobin data and without previous treatment with thrombolytic agents and without end-stage renal failure before the interventional procedure were included.Patients were classified as anemia using the definition of World Health Organization:hemoglobin ＜ 130 g/L in men,and ＜ 120 g/L in women.A total of 253 patients were anemia.The clinical features of patients with and without anemia and association of pre-procedure anemia with long-term mortality were analyzed.Results Incidence of diabetes and serum creatinine level were significantly higher in anemia patients than in non-anemia patients while systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in anemia patients than in non-anemia patients (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).The patients were followed up for 528(178-675)days.After adjustment for potential co-variants in Cox regression analysis,pre-procedure anemia was associated with a significantly higher long-term mortality (RR:3.293,95％ CI:1.431-7.578,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Pre-procedure anemia is an independent predictor of long-term mortality in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary interventions.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)is a highly heterogeneous systemic condition and represents the predominant form of heart heart failure(HF)worldwide.Current pharmacotherapies for HFpEF are limited and lack specific targeted drugs.Recent studies suggest that non-pharmacological strategies serve as adjuncts to conventional pharmacological treatment,offering improvements in symptoms,quality of life,and reducing the risk of rehospitalization for HF in patients with HFpEF.These strategies include CD34 stem cell transplantation,the greater splanchnic nerve ablation,atrial septal shunting,atrial pacing,myocardial contractility modulation,left ventricular expander,baroreceptor stimulation,and others.This review comprehensively summarizes the latest clinical evidence on non-pharmacological treatments for HFpEF,with the aim of advancing the understanding of treatment strategies for this condition.