In order to designate a status necessary for establishment of preventive measures and guidelines of health education against hepatitis B in the course of secondary school education, knowledge and practice toward hepatitis B virus infection was surveyed by a questionnaire method on total of 4,855 college entrants in the academic year of 1987 and analyzed the data collected using IBM PC(Trigem 88-II) with SAS package program. About two percent of college entrants had past history of HBV infections not showing any difference between both sexes and geographical regions. About one third(33.7%) of total students had tested hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg), only 4% had tested hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb) and vaccination rate amounted to 24.6%, one fourth of total subjects. Both serological tests and vaccination were most commonly performed during adolescence, showing higher rates in female students than in male students. The rates also seemed to be higher in those from urban cities than those from rural cities. Students who had acquired correct knowledge that hepatitis B was infected by virus were amounted to 78.5% of college entrants, and remaining 21.5% had misunderstood that rickettsia, bacteria, fungi or parasites were casual agents. Female students were better aware of the causal agents than male students but there was no difference between places of growth. As for mode of transmission of HBV, 51.5% of male students and 47.7% of female students had correct knowledge. A very few student had known that fact that HBV was transmitted by body fluids such as tear (6.9%), nasal discharge(10.1%) and semen or vaginal secretion(19.2%) and majority(75%) of students had misunderstood that hepatitis B virus would be transmitted per os through food ingestion. Approximately one half(48.9%) of college entrants had correctly whom to be vaccinated. Approximately one half of the students knew that hepatoma(57.8%) and liver cirrhosis(57.4%) might complicate with hepatitis B virus infection, whereas 12.0% of the students responded that bronchitis was one of the complications of hepatitis B infection. In summary of the above results, we highly recommend that health education program for eradication of hepatitis B virus infection should be introduced in curricula of secondary school education in this country.
Adolescent ; Bacteria ; Body Fluids ; Bronchitis ; Curriculum ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Fungi ; Health Education ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Parasites ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rickettsia ; Semen ; Serologic Tests ; Tears ; Vaccination

No abstract available.

A 45-Year-old para 1-0-1-1 had submucosal myoma diagnosed by ultrasonogram and hysteroscopic examination. During 60 minutes hysteroscopic myomectomy, 8,000 ml of sorbitol-mannitol distention medium was used and 6,500 ml collected, resulting in a deficit of 1,500 ml. The patient received Ringer`s lactate 1,000 ml intravenously. Her urine output was 400 ml. Blood loss was 40 ml. After operation, hyponatremia(115 mEq/L) was developed and pulmonary edema was also diagnosed clinically at that time and later confirmed by chest radiograph. The judicious administration of diuretics and normal saline fluid replacement to prevent overcorrection to hypernatremia resulted in return of serum electrolytes to normal level and resolution of the pulmonary edema by postoperative day 1. We have experienced a case of pulmonary edema during hysteroscopic myomectomy with sorbitol-mannitol distention medium, which is presented with a brief review of literatures.
Diuretics ; Electrolytes ; Humans ; Hypernatremia ; Hyponatremia ; Lactic Acid ; Middle Aged ; Myoma ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Ultrasonography

Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur are difficult to manage successfully. Two factors, involvement of cortical bone tissue and concentration of stress, frequently have been mentioned as reasons for the high incidence of failure in the treatment of these fractures. We studied 37 patients with 38 subtrochanteric fractures treated at the Seoul Red Cross Hospital from Feb. 1978 to Nov. 1983. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Of the 37 patients studied, 29 were male and 8 female. The majority of male patients (representing 62.1%) were between 21 and 50 years of age, while 7 of 8 female patients were after 50years of age. 2. In 27 (73.0%) of our patients, the fracture resulted from high-energy trauma, traffic accident or fall from height. 3. Many fractures in the present series could not be classified in the manners described by Fielding, Zickel or Seinsheimer. So, we could not find any correlation between fracture type and used fixation device or its prognosis. 4. The associated injuries, which were relatively common in lower limb (10 cases) and pelvis (8 cases), made the fractures more difficult to treat. 5. Of the 38 fractures, 35 (92.1%) were treated by operative means. The Jewett nail was the device most commonly used, with a total of 11(31.4%) fractures being so treated. 6. The average time from operation to partial weight bearing was 12.9 weeks. 7. The average time untill clinical union was about 14 weeks and radiographic union about 24 weeks. 8. From these series, it was considered that, although early weight bearing is frequently impossihle, Jewett nail, plate and screw, compression hip screw, Judet plate or blade plate can be applied successfully to the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur if the most proper one which can stabilize the lesion effectively is selected and weight bearing is delayed for a sufficient period.
Accidents, Traffic ; Bone and Bones ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Femur ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Pelvis ; Prognosis ; Red Cross ; Seoul ; Weight-Bearing

Left ventricular free wall rupture following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the second most common cause of death and has been reported to be responsible for 4 to 24% of all infarction deaths. The rupture occurs anywhere from a few hours to several days after AMI. The common findings of ventricular rupture are persistent chest pain bradycardia and shock. This may be often mistaken for the ruptured dissection of the ascending aorta. The different points from dissection are 1) persistent chest pain 2)persistent ST segment elevation and 3) only intramural hematoma in ascending aorta. We have sucessfully managed two patients with postinfarction myocardial rupture. Surgical management consisted of infarctectomy repairi of the ventricular rupture and coronay artery bypass grafting. We conclude that successful surgical management of ventricular free wall rupture should require prompt diagnosis and emergency operation.
Aorta ; Arteries ; Bradycardia ; Cause of Death ; Chest Pain ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Heart Rupture* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction ; Rupture ; Shock ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Wernicke Encephalopathy*

No abstract available.
Lung*

BACKGROUND: The treatment strategy for biliary pancreatitis varies according to the locations of biliary stones and the severity of the pancreatitis. The role and the timing of Endoscopic Retrogradc Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP) in biliary pancreatitis have not yet been defined, and recently a laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged as a useful means in biliary pancreatitis. METHODS: From December 1986 to June 1997, a total of 66 patients (31 males and 35 females) presented with acute biliary pancreatitis at our institution. The medical records were reviewed to determine the diagnostic tools, the location of the gallstone, the severity of the pancreatitis according to Ranson's prognostic score, the timing of ERCP or surgical intervention, the morbidity, and the mortality of each treatment. RESULTS: Most biliary stones were found in the gallbladder, and Common bile duct (CBD) stones, which could be removed via ERCP or choledocholithotomy, were identified in 10 cases (15%). Most patients (86%) were classified as having a mild attack (Ranson's score< or =2) of acute pancreatitis. There was no statistical significance in the timing of each treatment modality between the mild and the severe pancreatitis groups. CONCLUSIONS: ERCP was a safe and helpful adjunct for managing CBD stones. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy was proved to be a safe and effective measure for managing gallbladder stones in resolving biliary pancreatitis. However, open surgery was still necessary when pancreatitis-related complications occurred.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Common Bile Duct ; Gallbladder ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Pancreatitis* ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic

HIV-1 gp41 is an envelope protein that plays an essential role in virus entry. The mutation of gp41 affects HIV-1 entry and susceptibility to the fusion inhibitor T-20. Therefore, we analyzed the natural polymorphism of gp41 of 163 HIV-1 isolates from T-20-naive Koreans infected with HIV-1. This study of gp41 polymorphisms showed that insertions in the fourth threonine (74.8%) and L7M substitutions (85.3%) were more frequent in the fusion peptide motif in Korean HIV-1 isolates compared with those from other countries. Minor T-20 resistance mutations such as L45M (1.2%), N126K (1.2%), and E137K (6.7%) were detected, but the critical T-20 resistance mutations were not detected in the gp41 HR1 and HR2 regions. In addition, the N42S mutation (12.9%) associated with T-20 hypersusceptibility was detected at a high frequency. These results may serve as useful data for studies considering T-20 for use in the development of a more effective anti-retroviral treatment in Korea.
Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Viral/*genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/*genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Virus Internalization

OBJECTIVE: Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels by sprouting from pre-existing ones, is essential for the growth of solid tumors beyond 2-3mm in diameter and for tumor metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is known as vascular permeability factor(VPF) and mediates vascularization and tumor-induced angiogenesis. This study examined the potential of growth, invasion, and metastasis of uterine cervical carcinomas associated with neovascularization. METHODS: From January 1996 to December 1999, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung-Hee University Hospital, 37 uterine cervical carcinomas and 7 normal cervical tissues were obtained and the samples were immediately frozen and stored at -70 degrees C. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF was carried out to study VEGF localization, and the levels of VEGF subtype mRNAs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in specimens. The relation between VEGF subtypes expression of cervical cancers was analysed. RESULTS: The positive staining for VEGF is seen dominantly in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells, and faintly in interstitial cells. The intensity of staining was stronger in squamous carcinomas than in adenocrcinomas, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated significantly increased VEGF121/VEGF165 mRNA expression levels (>0.56 / >0.72) in 21 (56.8%) and 15 (40.5%) of 37 cervical carcinomas comparing to control groups (mean: 0.28 / 0.36). There was no obvious relationship between VEGF121/VEGF165 mRNA expression levels and the clinical parameters examined including age, pathology, differentiation, tumor size, lymphovascular space invasion, LN involvement and invasion depth except clinical stage (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The overexpression of VEGF mRNA may be an important contributing factor in cervical carcinomas. There is no significant differenece of VEGF mRNAs levels according to clinical parameters, so it seems that the expression of VEGF is involved in the promotion of angiogenesis on cervical cancer and plays an important role in early invasion.
Blood Vessels ; Capillary Permeability ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cytoplasm ; Gynecology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Obstetrics ; Pathology ; RNA, Messenger* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*