OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of aztreonam in perioperative patients in order to promote rational use of antimicrobial agents. METHODS: 215 discharged surgery cases were collected in Mar. 2009 and analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the rationality of drug use. RESULTS: Of 215 cases, preventive use accounted for 122 cases, among which rational use 29 cases and irrational use 93 cases; treatment use accounted for 93 cases, among which reasonable use 54 cases and unreasonable use 39 cases. CONCLUSION: Perioperative use of aztreonam was not in line with Guiding Principles for Clinical Use of Antibacterial Drugs, Notice for Further Strengthen Management of Clinical Use of Antibacterial Drugs Issued by General Office of the Ministry of Health. Unreasonable utilization require to arouse attention of medical personnel and strengthen management.

Impaired glucose tolerance is the prediabetic state of diabetes mellitus,and its main manifestation is postprandial hyperglycemia.Studies in recent years have suggested that the large vascular disease of the impaired glucose tolerance state is similar to diabetes mellitus.The relationship between impaired glucose tolerance and atherosclerotic disease is increasingly receiving attention.This article reviews the relationship between both of them.

Objective To establish a primary culture method of hippocampal neurons of new-born rats,and to observe the morphological characteristics at different developmental and differential stages.Methods The hippocampus was digested and the cells were seeded in a flask.The neurons were then transferred and re-seeded on cover glasses coated with poly-L-lysine.The neurons were identified by polyclonal antibody against neuron specific enolase(NSE).The morphology was observed under phase-contrast microscope.Results A large number of hippocampal neurons began to adhere to the cover glasses after 12～24 hours.They showed different shapes-shuttle,triangle,pyramidal,or nonregular after clinging to the plate.Their processes connected into nets and different in length and thickness.They were well developed on the 7th～10th day and survived as long as 28 days after seeding.Immunocytochemistry of NSE proved high purity.Conclusion The culture method of new-born rat hippocampal neurons in vitro is successful and can be used as an in vitro model of research.

AIM:To investigate the time course of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the effects of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) on the expressions of NF-κB,interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in hippocampus after seizures. METHODS:Epilepsy were induced by kainic acid through cerebral ventricular injection. Western blotting was used to detect NF-κB p65 expression in nucleus at various experiment groups. Moreover,mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β and COX-2 in different experiment groups were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS:NF-κB p65 immunoreactivity began to increase in the nuclear fraction at 2 h (P<0.05),kept rising at 12 h (P<0.05) and returned to control level at 24 h after epilepsy seizures. Furthermore,3-AB sharply decreased the accumulation of NF-κB p65 in nucleus (P<0.05). In addition,3-AB significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β and COX-2 which obviously increased in hippocampus at 6 h after epilepsy seizures (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Seizures triggers NF-κB nucleus translocation and promotes the expressions of IL-1β and COX-2 in hippocampus. In addition,poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibition by 3-AB suppresses NF-κB associated inflammatory pathway in epileptic rat hippocampus.

Objective To study the role of gap junctions in epileptiform activity. Methods The epileptiform activity was induced by zero-Mg 2+ medium in cultured hippocampal neurons of newborn rats. Immunocytochemistry and real time RT-PCR were introduced to evaluate the expression of gap junction Cx32 and Cx43. Results The level of Cx32 mRNA increased quickly one hour after the neurons were treated with zero-Mg 2+ medium and was raised by 10 times 5 hours later, while Cx32 protein began to develop at the 2nd hour (21.80?1.74) and was raised by 5 times at the 8th hour (47.30?5.75). The expression of Cx43 mRNA went up obviously 5 hours later, and Cx43 protein developed visibly 8 hours later. Carbenoxolone depressed the expressions of Cx32 and Cx43. Conclusions The expression of Cx32 and Cx43 increases dramatically after epileptic discharges and carbenoxolone inhibits both the discharges and the expression of gap junctions, which indicates that gap junction could contribute to epileptogenesis.

AIM:To investigate the time course of nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) and the effects of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) on the expressions of NF-?B,interleukin-1? (IL-1?) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in hippocampus after seizures. METHODS:Epilepsy were induced by kainic acid through cerebral ventricular injection. Western blotting was used to detect NF-?B p65 expression in nucleus at various experiment groups. Moreover,mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1? and COX-2 in different experiment groups were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS:NF-?B p65 immunoreactivity began to increase in the nuclear fraction at 2 h (P

Objective To observe the levels of serum hypersensitive C-reaction protein (hs-CRP) and its correlation factors in cerebral infarction patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Methods According to the result of glucose tolevance test (GTT),the 131 patients were divided into normal glucose tolerance group (NGT, n=41),IGT group (n=47),newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) group (n=43). The serum hs-CRP levels and some biochemical parameters were measured in 72 h after the onset. The common carotid artery(CCA) and carotid plaque were examined by color B type ultrasonography. Results The hs-CRP levels were gradually increased among NGT,IGT and DM groups. The average of hs-CRP levels in NGT,IGT and DM groups were 0.320 mg/L,1.435 mg/L,4.305mg/L respectively.By the charge of logaithm,there were significanty differenc among each group(P

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economics of penehyclidine hydrochloride and atropine in the treatment of acute organophosphorus poisoning (AOPP).METHODS:The information of 118 AOPP patients were collected and divided into group A (59 cases) and B (59 cases) according to therapy plan.There were 22 cases of mild poisoning,20 cases of moderate poisoning and 17 cases of severe poisoning in group A.There were 21 mild cases,21 moderate cases and 17 severe cases in group B.Based on routine treatment,group A was given Penehyclidine hydrochloride injection intramuscularly with initial dose of 1 mg (mild),2 mg (moderate) and 4 mg (severe).Group B was given Atropine sulfate injection intravenously,with initial dose of 2 mg (mild),5 mg (moderate) and 10 mg (severe).Both received maintenance treatment according to patients condition and stopped taking medicine after symptoms disappeared.Clinical efficacies,the time of acetylcholinesterase recovery and ADR were observed in 2 groups.The economics of therapy plans for mild,moderate and severe poisoning were evaluated in 2 groups by cost-effectiveness analysis.RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in total response rate of mild poisoning or the time of acetylcholinesterase recovery between 2 groups (P＞0.05).Total effective rates of moderate and severe poisoning in group A were significantly higher than group B,and the time of acetylcholinesterase recovery was significantly shorter than group B,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR in mild,moderate and severe poisoning patients (P＞0.05).Cost-effectiveness ratio of penehyclidine hydrochloride was similar to that of atropine in mild poisoning patients;that of penehyclidine hydrochloride were significantly lower than that of atropine in moderate and severe patients.It was inline with the results of sensitivity analysis.CONCLUSIONS:Based on routine treatment,penehyclidine hydrochloride is similar to atropine in therapeutic efficacy of AOPP and the time of acetylcholinesterase recovery.For moderate and severe AOPP patients,penehyclidine hydrochloride is significantly better than atropine in improving therapeutic efficacy and the time of acetylcholinesterase recovery.The safety of 2 drugs are satisfactory;penehyclidine hydrochloride possesses cost-effectiveness advantage.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effective of the new mechanical assistant canalith repositioning procedure (TRV-CRP) to the diagnosis and treatment of the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). METHOD: The data of the cases with suspected diagnosis of BPPV from April to June of 2012 checked and treated by TRV-CRP in our vestibular function checking room were collected and analyzed. All of the cases were followed up to one to three months. RESULT: Total 504 cases of suspected diagnosis of BPPV were collected. Three cases were rejected for un completed procedure. All of the 501 completed procedure cases included 162 male and 339 female with age ranging from 10 years old to 86 years old (52. 8 +/- 14 years old). 169 cases (33.73%) were positive diagnosis and 332 cases were negative diagnosis (66.27%). 135 cases enrolled only one semicircular canal (SC) account for 79.89% of all the positive diagnosis that included 17 cases of left horizontal SC, 4 cases of left superior SC, 29 cases of left posterior SC, 23 cases of right horizontal SC, 4 cases of superior SC and 58 cases of right posterior SC. 25 cases enrolled more than two SC (14.80%). 9 cases of objective BPPV (5.33%) included 5 cases of right posterior SC, 3 cases of left posterior SC and one cases of right horizontal SC. Exception of 163 cases without classic BPPV history in the 332 negative diagnosis cases, 169 cases had classic BPPV history including 14 cases treated by manual canalith repositioning procedure and 33 cases which had released from the vertigo. The rate of treatment effective by TRV-CRP was 100%. There were 20 cases returned for retreatment because their unsatisfied about the release of their symptom but proved to be negative diagnosis again in 10 cases and positive diagnosis in 10 cases, however, only 4 cases proved to be the same SC disease were considered as relapse (2.37%) and others enrolled different SC. After retreated, all cases got release without relapse. CONCLUSION TRV-CRP could diagnosis 34% of the primary diagnosis cases of BPPV. TRV-CRP had high rate of effective and lower relapse which especially fitted to patients suffered from complex BPPV or difficult to finish the manual repositioning procedure. However, due to the expensive of TRV-CRP, it is reasonable to combine TRV-CRP and manual repositioning procedure in clinical.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otolithic Membrane ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertigo ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Young Adult