Impaired glucose tolerance is the prediabetic state of diabetes mellitus,and its main manifestation is postprandial hyperglycemia.Studies in recent years have suggested that the large vascular disease of the impaired glucose tolerance state is similar to diabetes mellitus.The relationship between impaired glucose tolerance and atherosclerotic disease is increasingly receiving attention.This article reviews the relationship between both of them.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of aztreonam in perioperative patients in order to promote rational use of antimicrobial agents. METHODS: 215 discharged surgery cases were collected in Mar. 2009 and analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the rationality of drug use. RESULTS: Of 215 cases, preventive use accounted for 122 cases, among which rational use 29 cases and irrational use 93 cases; treatment use accounted for 93 cases, among which reasonable use 54 cases and unreasonable use 39 cases. CONCLUSION: Perioperative use of aztreonam was not in line with Guiding Principles for Clinical Use of Antibacterial Drugs, Notice for Further Strengthen Management of Clinical Use of Antibacterial Drugs Issued by General Office of the Ministry of Health. Unreasonable utilization require to arouse attention of medical personnel and strengthen management.

AIM:To investigate the time course of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the effects of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) on the expressions of NF-κB,interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in hippocampus after seizures. METHODS:Epilepsy were induced by kainic acid through cerebral ventricular injection. Western blotting was used to detect NF-κB p65 expression in nucleus at various experiment groups. Moreover,mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β and COX-2 in different experiment groups were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS:NF-κB p65 immunoreactivity began to increase in the nuclear fraction at 2 h (P<0.05),kept rising at 12 h (P<0.05) and returned to control level at 24 h after epilepsy seizures. Furthermore,3-AB sharply decreased the accumulation of NF-κB p65 in nucleus (P<0.05). In addition,3-AB significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β and COX-2 which obviously increased in hippocampus at 6 h after epilepsy seizures (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Seizures triggers NF-κB nucleus translocation and promotes the expressions of IL-1β and COX-2 in hippocampus. In addition,poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibition by 3-AB suppresses NF-κB associated inflammatory pathway in epileptic rat hippocampus.

Objective To establish a primary culture method of hippocampal neurons of new-born rats,and to observe the morphological characteristics at different developmental and differential stages.Methods The hippocampus was digested and the cells were seeded in a flask.The neurons were then transferred and re-seeded on cover glasses coated with poly-L-lysine.The neurons were identified by polyclonal antibody against neuron specific enolase(NSE).The morphology was observed under phase-contrast microscope.Results A large number of hippocampal neurons began to adhere to the cover glasses after 12～24 hours.They showed different shapes-shuttle,triangle,pyramidal,or nonregular after clinging to the plate.Their processes connected into nets and different in length and thickness.They were well developed on the 7th～10th day and survived as long as 28 days after seeding.Immunocytochemistry of NSE proved high purity.Conclusion The culture method of new-born rat hippocampal neurons in vitro is successful and can be used as an in vitro model of research.

AIM:To investigate the time course of nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) and the effects of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) on the expressions of NF-?B,interleukin-1? (IL-1?) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in hippocampus after seizures. METHODS:Epilepsy were induced by kainic acid through cerebral ventricular injection. Western blotting was used to detect NF-?B p65 expression in nucleus at various experiment groups. Moreover,mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1? and COX-2 in different experiment groups were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS:NF-?B p65 immunoreactivity began to increase in the nuclear fraction at 2 h (P

Objective To study the role of gap junctions in epileptiform activity. Methods The epileptiform activity was induced by zero-Mg 2+ medium in cultured hippocampal neurons of newborn rats. Immunocytochemistry and real time RT-PCR were introduced to evaluate the expression of gap junction Cx32 and Cx43. Results The level of Cx32 mRNA increased quickly one hour after the neurons were treated with zero-Mg 2+ medium and was raised by 10 times 5 hours later, while Cx32 protein began to develop at the 2nd hour (21.80?1.74) and was raised by 5 times at the 8th hour (47.30?5.75). The expression of Cx43 mRNA went up obviously 5 hours later, and Cx43 protein developed visibly 8 hours later. Carbenoxolone depressed the expressions of Cx32 and Cx43. Conclusions The expression of Cx32 and Cx43 increases dramatically after epileptic discharges and carbenoxolone inhibits both the discharges and the expression of gap junctions, which indicates that gap junction could contribute to epileptogenesis.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) induced apoptosis of cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats. Methods Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were divided into three groups. Cells in the control group were incubated in serum-free medium for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. Cells in Ang Ⅱ group were incubated with Ang Ⅱ at the dose of 10 -7 mol/L for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. Cells in Ang Ⅱ and Ang Ⅱ type 1 receptor antagonist group were incubated in medium containing 10 -7 mol/ L Ang Ⅱ plus 10 -5 mol/L irbesartan. The apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay. The Bcl-2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Caspase-3 activity was measured by a fluorescent assay kit. Results The number of apoptotic cells in Ang Ⅱ group increased significantly in a time-dependent manner, accompanied by decreased Bcl-2 protein expression but increased activity of caspase-3. Treatment with irbesartan resulted in decreased number of apoptotic cells and decreased activity of caspase-3. Conclusion Angiotensin Ⅱ could induce the apoptosis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through the caspase-dependent pathway, which might be mediated by Ang Ⅱ type 1 receptor. Bcl-2 may participate in the regulation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effective of the new mechanical assistant canalith repositioning procedure (TRV-CRP) to the diagnosis and treatment of the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). METHOD: The data of the cases with suspected diagnosis of BPPV from April to June of 2012 checked and treated by TRV-CRP in our vestibular function checking room were collected and analyzed. All of the cases were followed up to one to three months. RESULT: Total 504 cases of suspected diagnosis of BPPV were collected. Three cases were rejected for un completed procedure. All of the 501 completed procedure cases included 162 male and 339 female with age ranging from 10 years old to 86 years old (52. 8 +/- 14 years old). 169 cases (33.73%) were positive diagnosis and 332 cases were negative diagnosis (66.27%). 135 cases enrolled only one semicircular canal (SC) account for 79.89% of all the positive diagnosis that included 17 cases of left horizontal SC, 4 cases of left superior SC, 29 cases of left posterior SC, 23 cases of right horizontal SC, 4 cases of superior SC and 58 cases of right posterior SC. 25 cases enrolled more than two SC (14.80%). 9 cases of objective BPPV (5.33%) included 5 cases of right posterior SC, 3 cases of left posterior SC and one cases of right horizontal SC. Exception of 163 cases without classic BPPV history in the 332 negative diagnosis cases, 169 cases had classic BPPV history including 14 cases treated by manual canalith repositioning procedure and 33 cases which had released from the vertigo. The rate of treatment effective by TRV-CRP was 100%. There were 20 cases returned for retreatment because their unsatisfied about the release of their symptom but proved to be negative diagnosis again in 10 cases and positive diagnosis in 10 cases, however, only 4 cases proved to be the same SC disease were considered as relapse (2.37%) and others enrolled different SC. After retreated, all cases got release without relapse. CONCLUSION TRV-CRP could diagnosis 34% of the primary diagnosis cases of BPPV. TRV-CRP had high rate of effective and lower relapse which especially fitted to patients suffered from complex BPPV or difficult to finish the manual repositioning procedure. However, due to the expensive of TRV-CRP, it is reasonable to combine TRV-CRP and manual repositioning procedure in clinical.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otolithic Membrane ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertigo ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the surveillance data from 2003 to 2007 for Hubei province,investigate the epidemic characteristics of human rabies in these years,so as to provide scientific basis for its control and prevention.Methods Rabies data collected from the National Disease Surveillance Reporting System from 2003 to 2007 in Hubei province and 134 Rabies cases investigated in 2007 were analyzed in detail.Results The results showed that the trend of the number of rabies reported cases in Hubei province was obviously increased from 2003 to 2007.The involved counties and districts of the epidemic situation were widely expanded accordingly.Each month had Rabies case,but a lot of cases were dominated in August to November for every year.Most of the cases were farmers and students.The sex ratio of male to female was 2.38∶1.The age of the cases were mainly ranged from 5 to 15 and from 40 to 70 years old.Investigation of 134 cases indicated that the median of the incubative period was 66 days;94.78% of cases were injured by the dog;only 15.67% of injured cases were treated by the medical institution;the vaccinate ratio was 14.93%;the proportion of patients who received wound treatment,vaccinate and passive immunization were 5.80% of all the grade-Ⅲ-exposed patients.Conclusions The epidemic situation of Rabies was serious from 2003 to 2007 for Hubei province.The main reasons of the increase of rabies cases in Hubei province are absence of the effective management of the dog,the lack knowledge of rabies prevention,low rate of vaccine and passive immunization after exposure,and the lack of the standardized management for some of the low level medical institutions.