Incidence of pregnant diabetes ranges from 1 to 14%, depending on region, race and diagnostic criteria. Studying on 196 pregnant women who were given antenatal care at Ha Noi Obstetric Gynecological Hospital provided some findings as follow: the incidence of pregnant diabetes in studied population was 3.6% when using diagnostic criteria of the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) 1979; the incidence of NDNG was 4.1%. The overall incidence for diabetes and GDNG was 7.65% and is was increased further by 2% when applying new diagnostic criteria of Counstan and Carpenter 1982. The incidence was increased in pregnant women who had some risk factors such as history of diabetes in family, obese (BMI was 25 or more), urinary glucose (+) and older age of pregnant woman.
Pregnancy in Diabetics ; Pregnant Women

A study was performed on 82 cases, among which, 50% with fast heart rhythm disorders at Quang An Hospital. Results: The most common risk factors included: exhausted or moved activities. Fast heart rhythm disorders were more common in patients with hypertension and heart valvular disease. Common symptoms included: headache, dyspnea. More severe symptoms: unconsciousness, convulsion, enuresis, systolic blood pressures < 90 mmHg. There were 13.41% of cases could not cut off fast heart rhythm disorder, left the hospital within 24 hours with death prognosis.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Diagnosis ; Therapeutics

Background: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation. The absence of Fragile X Mental Retardation (FMRP) in Fragile X syndrome changes other proteins. Objective: To detect changes of glycoprotein in human serum of Fragile X syndrome. Subject and methods: Affinity chromatography with lectin concanavalin A (ConA) used to receive glycoprotein. The collected glycoprotein was then separated using 2-D electrophoresis. The protein spots were further excised, trypsin digested, and analyzed by nano LC couple with ESI-MS/MS and identified by MASCOT v1.8 software. Results and conclusion: 5 glycoproteins showed the different expression levels in the serum of Fragile X syndrome. Haptoglobin, Ig-J were increased and ceruloplasmin, transferring, Ig kappa were decreased. Using affinity chromatography with lectin concanavalin A (ConA), glycoprotein was received and divided on 2 ways electrokinetic chromatography. The mixture protein was identified with a reliability of 99.5% by 2 ways liquid chromatography combined with continuous spectrum mass.
Fragile X syndrome ; Fragile X Mental Retardation ; proteomics

Background: Nha Trang city located in central Viet Nam, has had dramatic economic development in recent years. The economic development has also leads to changes in the environment. Previous studies showed that cancers were closely related to environmental factors, but there was no study on this issue in Nha Trang city. Objectives: The study aimed to describe the cancer cases that were recorded in the cancer registration and the related environmental factors in Vinh Luong commune and the three neighborhood communes of Nha Trang city. Subjects and method: 192 patients who were diagnosed with cancer in the provincial general hospital and other hospitals from 1/1/2000 to 30/9/2006 and have resided in 4 above communes. Water samples collected from 14 water-wells from these communes were tested for chemical pollution and bacteria index. 20 sites in Van Dang village were tested for radioactive pollution levels. Results: Average crude morbidity of cancer per 100,000 inhabitants per year in Van Dang village and Vinh Luong commune and in the 4 communes as a whole, were 64.9, 51 and 53.3, respectively. The rates for male and female were 65.0 and 41.0, respectively. The most common cancers in women were cervical and breast cancers (11.8% and 9.2%, respectively). For men, leading cancers were liver cancer (31.9%) and lung cancer (14.7%). Almost all of the water samples did not meet the hygiene standard for nitrate (NO3) and coliform. Natural radioactive levels in these 4 communes were normal. Conclusion: Van Dang village had the highest cancer prevalence per 100,000 habitants compared to the other villages of Vinh Luong commune, but it was still lower than that of some other provinces. Most of the water samples collected from the water-wells did not met standard for nitrate levels and coliform.
Cancer ; environmental factor ; water pollution

Background: Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) is up-regulated in various human cancer cell lines at both transcript and protein levels. HIP expression is related to the differentiation status and cancer development. Objectives: To determine HIP in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer tissues. Materials and method: Western blot method was used to determine HIP expression in 3 different types of prostate tissue, including 11 prostate cancer samples, 2 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples and 11 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia samples. Results. HIP was particularly up-regulated in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, indicating that up-regulation of HIP expression may be an early event in tumorgenesis. Conclusion: The expression of HIP was different between cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia. HIP may serve as a prognostic marker for prostate carcinoma.
HIP expression ; Prostate cancer ; Prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: Using insecticides is considered as a temporary and rapid method for interrupting the disease transmission through disease vectors such as dengue. The insecticide Fendona, when absorbed into bed nets, is slowly released and rapidly knocks out, kills or repels mosquitoes as they come into contact with the bed net. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Interceptor bed net (a unique textile-finishing product developed by BASF, Singapore PTE. LTD, that were coated with the Fendona insecticide) on controlling disease vector Aedes aegypti. Subjects and method: An experimental trial was carried out at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology and in the field of Hien Giang commune, Thuong Tin district, Ha Tay province. The changes of efficacy of Interceptor bed net were compared by not washing with washing at the different levels. Results: The unwashed bed nets can knock out and kill Aedes aegypti mosquitoes by 50% after 20 minutes of exposure on every trial. About 90-100% of total mosquitoes were killed after the first 30 minutes of exposure. Bed net\u2019s efficacy remains until 24 hours of the trial. The recovery rate of the mosquito is 0%. The same results were also observed after 90 days, 36 days and 18 days of bed nets being laundered. However, after 9 day of washing, the bed nets can only kill the mosquitoes up to about 90-95% of the total after the first 30 minutes of exposure. It also reached 100% of killing after 24 hours. However, its efficacy was conversely reduced with regard to the increase of laundry times. Conclusion: The density of adult mosquitoes and larvae for Aedes aegypti was significantly reduced in the intervention areas, even at zero level in comparison to the control sites. The insecticide had no side-effect or any stimulation to users, community, poultry, cattle and environment in the intervention sites.
Interceptor bednet ; disease vector ; Aedes aegypti

Background: This study aimed to identify the location of the optic foramen in relation to the anterior sphenoid sinus wall, which is essential information for surgeons in planning and performing endoscopic transnasal surgery. Methods: Computed tomography scans of 200 orbits from 100 adult patients with no abnormalities were examined. The results included the location of the optic foramen in relation to the anterior sphenoid sinus wall and the distance between them, as well as the distance from the optic foramen and the anterior sphenoid sinus wall to the carotid prominence in the posterior sphenoid sinus. Results: The optic foramen was anterior to the anterior sphenoid sinus wall in 48.5% of orbits, and posterior in the remaining 51.5%. The mean distance from the optic foramen to the anterior sphenoid sinus wall was 3.82 ± 1.25 mm. The mean distances from the optic foramen and the anterior sphenoid sinus wall to the carotid prominence were 7.67 ± 1.73 and 7.95 ± 2.53 mm, respectively. Conclusion The optic foramen was anterior to the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus in approximately half of the orbits examined in this study, and posterior in the remaining half. The mean distance from the optic foramen to the anterior sphenoid sinus wall of the sphenoid sinus was 3.82 ± 1.25 mm.

Background: Dengue Fever/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DF/DHF) has emerged as one of the most important public health concerns in Viet Nam in recent years. Key breeding containers plays an important role in driving dengue vector control in the public. Objectives: The research was conducted to discover the dengue situation, its vectors and key containers to make relevant recommendations in reducing effectively the vector population. Subjects and methods: Two hundred households in two communes of Nam Dinh province (100 in each studied commune) were selected randomly. Vectors collected from the field were identified using mosquito key. The number of dengue larvae and mosquitoes were directly counted or adjustment methods were used to estimate the true number in each type of water storage facility. Results: In Minh Thuan commune, Ae. albopictus larvae were mainly concentrated in jars (49%) and discards (59%), most of Ae. aegypti was found in cement tanks with a volume more than 500L (72%). In Trung Dong commune, larvae of Ae. albopictus concentrated in jars (40%) and discards (25%) and aquariums (15%), while most of the Ae. aegypti larvae was discovered in cement tanks with volumes more than 500L (86%). Mosquito density index of Ae. albopictus in Trung Dong and Minh Thuan communes was 0.56 and 0.38, respectively. The Aedes larvae, houses for larvae and Breteau index were nearly at the threshold of dengue epidemic occurrence for Ae. aegypti and over a certain threshold for Ae. albopictus. Some recommendations were provided to help reduce the dengue vectors. Conclusion: Investigation of key mosquito larvae in water containers was useful in driving the effective dengue vector control. Further studies are required to evaluate the impact and methods to manage water containers in the local area.
Dengue fever ; mosquito ; vector control

Background: Dengue fever remains a major public health problem in Vietnam. It was transmitted through two main Aedes species, namely Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in which Aedes aegypti played the predominant role in transmitting the dengue viruses (accounted for 94% of the Aedes genus).Different groups of insecticides have been widely used in the community. As a consequence, it increased the resistance level of Aedes vectors to the insecticides. Therefore, a new synthesized insecticide was required for future control and prevention of dengue epidemics. \r\n', u'Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Cynoff 25 ULV in suppressing Aedes species in Vietnam. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in the entomology laboratory and in the fields of Ha Tay province. ULV spraying was implemented in Hiengiang commune, Thuongtin district, in comparison with a control area, Van Mo commune in Ha Dong town.\r\n', u'Results and conclusions: : Cynoff 25 ULV had a high efficacy that kills over 90% of 2 dengue vector species, namely Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopicctus after 24 hours exposure at the distance of 30 meters from the brass nozzle of a STIHL SR 400 sprayer. In the field trials, Cynoff 25 ULV also had high efficacy in killing Aedes species, e.g. 100% of Aedes species were killed after spraying and the effects lasted for 3 months for Aedes aegypti and one month for Aedes albopictus species. The insecticide had no side-effects or any other adverse effects to humans, livestock and the environment in the intervention areas. \r\n', u'
cynoff 25 ULV ; aedes species ; dengue vectors

Background: Two species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the main intermediate vectors of transmission of the dengue viruses in Vietnam. Insecticide applications by different methods that may help interrupt the spread of dengue outbreaks. Many different groups of insecticides have been used for dengue vector control. Some recent studies revealed that Aedes vectors obscuring their resistance to insecticides at different levels. Therefore, a new insecticide formula is required for effective dengue vectors control. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Bistar 80SC by residual application in suppression of Aedes species in a northern province of Vietnam. Subject and methods: Bistar 80 SC with a component of Bifenthrin 80g/L was evaluated by residual application in suppression of 2 Aedes species in vitro and in an intervention commune of Hien Giang, Thuong Tin district and a control commune of Van Mo, Ha Dong town, Ha Tay province from March, 2004 to June, 2004. Results: WHO Bifenthrin paper test kit was effective at the concentration of 37.5mg/m2 and over with Aedes aegypti vectors ranged from 80% to 100% mortality in the North, In other words, Aedes vector remains susceptible to Bifenthrin in the region. The mortality on wood surface after 60 minutes of exposure to Bistar 80SC at concentrations of 25mg/m2 by using residual application was higher than those on brick walls. Up to 100% Aedes aegypti was killed after 60 minutes in exposure and remains in effect until the end of the third months and one month with Aedes albopictus. No side effects, to the sprayer and humans, livestock and environment caused by Bistar 80SC were reported in the intervention area. Conclusion: Bistar 80SC is suggested as a nominated alternative to effectively control the dengue outbreak by residual application.
Bistar 80SC ; dengue vectors