PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of the ego-resilience and social support on the depression among hospital nurses. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 369 nurses in a hospital. We used the self-reported questionnaire to assess the level of ego-resilience, social support and depression of hospital nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean scores of ego-resilience, social support and depression were 42.6, 28.3 and 14.1, respectively. When scores of ego-resilience and social support were high, the level of mild and major depression of subjects decreased. The influencing factors of depression level were the department of work, ego-resilience and social support. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that developing programs to improve ego-resilience and social support might be useful. Further study is required to justify the scale on ego-resilience and social support.
Depression ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the social support and ego-resilience on the nursing performance among hospital nurses. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 369 nurses in a senior general hospital. We used the self-reported questionnaire to assess the level of ego-resilience, social support and nursing performance of hospital nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: This study showed the positive relationship between the social support and ego-resilience on tne the nursing performance of hospital nurses. The higher group of the social support and ego-resilience showed the more performance of hospital nurses. And, the influencing factors on the performance are age, ego-resilience, social support, night working days a month in the order. CONCLUSION: Further studies will be needed to promote the performance of nurse in hospital and policies to be develop to elevate the social support and ego-resilience of nurses.
Hospitals, General ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Task Performance and Analysis

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the relationship between IBS and nurses' occupational stress. METHOD: We used the modified Rome III criteria to measure the relationship between IBS and nurses' occupational stress. This questionnaire is composed of 9 areas and 43 items related to the stress. We collected the data of 395 respondents from W hospital. The survey was done from July 10th to July 31th, 2009. RESULTS: The morbidity of IBS showed 24.3%. It was significantly influenced by night shift, and hospital visits and medication because of abdominal discomfort for the past 6 months. The causes of the nurses' occupational stress, which influenced the difference between IBS and non-IBS group, were "conflict with doctors" "difficulties in human relationships" "dealing with guardians and patients." The IBS group's stress was higher that of the non-IBS group. Also 96.9% of the IBS group and 79.3% of the non-IBS group responded there was relationship between IBS and nurses occupational stress. CONCLUSION: We found the relationship between IBS and nurses' occupational stress. And such stress could be reduced through the education about IBS.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Rome

We have analyzed 2,080 patients who were admitted to the ICU for intensive care during a period of 11 years from April, 1965, when the ICU was opened, to December, 1975. The results are as follows: l. In 11 years, the total number of patients was 2,080 which was 2.5% of 84,933 patients who were admitted to NMC. Among them, operative cases were 724 (35%) and nonoperative were 1, 356(65%). 2. Male patients were more than female Patients (1. 3: l. ) 3. In age groups, the 20 decade had the highest number. 4. The number of patients from Internal Medicine Dept, was highest. 5. Total occupied bed days were 7,497 and majority of patient were in less than 3. 6 days. 6. The patients from the medical department have gradually decreased, but from the surgical department they showed increased pattern. 7. Drug intoxication was the commonest disease among patients. 8. Total mortality rate was 45%, and the highest mortality rate occurred in 30-39 age group.
Critical Care* ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Mortality

Angiosarcoma accounts for 1% of all soft tissue sarcoma. Common sites of occurrence include the skin, breast, soft tissue, and liver. It metastasizes to the lungs, bone, and spleen. The cause of hepatic angiosarcoma in the 60% of cases is unknown, although specific risk factors such as vinyl chloride, arsenic, thorotrast and external-beam irradiation have been identified. Since 1986, about eight cases of hepatic angiosarcoma have been reported in Korea, but it had not been reported in which the hepatic angiosarcoma invaded to the stomach, yet. So we report a case of histopathologically confirmed primary hepatic angiosarcoma with gastric involvement. In this case, a sixtythree-year-old female was presented with indigestion and epigastric soreness for 1 year. Endoscopic examination of the stomach revealed a submucosal tumor-like protruding mass from the antrum to angle. The mucosal surface showed severe hyperemia and shallow ulcerative change was seen. Endoscopic biopsy and percutaneous liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of hepatic angiosarcoma invading the gastric wall.
Arsenic ; Biopsy ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Dyspepsia ; Female ; Hemangiosarcoma* ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung ; Risk Factors ; Sarcoma ; Skin ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Thorium Dioxide ; Ulcer ; Vinyl Chloride

Primary esophageal involvement by tuberculosis is rare. Clinical symptoms are variable and nonspecific in which dysphagia is the most common presenting symptom. Endoscopic findings are also diverse and nonspecific and ulcerative form is a common manifestation. For a definite diagnosis, Endoscopic biopsies are useful but typical granuloma is seen in approximately 50% of cases and acid-fast bacilli are demonstrated in less than 25% of patients. Fine needle aspiration cytology and polymerase chain reaction are helpful for diagnosis. A 54-year-old man was presented with throat discomport. Endoscopy demonstrated hematoma like lesion with pus discharge from ulceration in the proximal esophagus. Esophageal tuberculosis was confirmed based on the biopsy and culture results, and he was treated with antituberculous medications. At the follow-up endoscopy, 6 months later, previous lesion was completely healed to scar.
Abscess* ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Cicatrix ; Deglutition Disorders ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Esophagus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pharynx ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Suppuration ; Tuberculosis ; Ulcer

Mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics are commonly combined for the treatment of bipolar mania. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of topiramate and divalproex in combination with risperidone for treating acute mania patients in a naturalistic treatment setting. Seventy-four patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for bipolar mania were enrolled in this study. In order to assess the efficacy and the extrapyramidal symptoms, the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and Simpson-Angus Rating Scale were measured at the baseline and at weeks 1, 3 and 6. From the baseline to the endpoint, the YMRS and CGI scores were reduced by 67.9% and 56.6% in the topiramate group. The YMRS and CGI scores were also reduced by 63.7% and 58.2% in the divalproex group. The weight and BMI increased significantly by 3.6% and 3.3% from the baseline to the endpoint in the divalproex group, while they decreased by 0.4% and 0.5%, respectively, with no significant difference in the topiramate group. There were no serious adverse events in either group. Topiramate is effective and tolerable for treating acute mania, and may also be a promising alternative to a weightgain liable mood stabilizer such as divalproex.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Risperidone ; Valproic Acid*

PURPOSE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been known as psychiatric disorder in childhood associated with dopamine dysregulation. In present study, we investigated changes in dopamine transporter (DAT) density of the basal ganglias using I-123 N- (3-iodopropen-2-yl) -2-carbomethoxy-3beta- (4-chlorophenyl) tropane [I-123 IPT] SPECT in children with ADHD before and after methylphenidate treatment. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Nine drug-naive children with ADHD and seven normal children were included in the study. We performed brain SPECT two hours after the intravenous administration of I-123 IPT and made both quantitative and qualitative analyses using the obtained SPECT data, which were reconstructed for the assessment of specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratios in the basal ganglia. All children with ADHD reperformed [123I]IPT SPECT after treatment with methylphenidate (0.7mg/kg/d) during about 8 weeks. SPECT data reconstructed for the assessment of specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of the basal ganglia were compared between before and after treatment methylphenidate. We investigated correlation between the change of ADHD symptom severity assessed with ADHD rating scale-IV and specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of basal ganglia. RESULTS: Children with ADHD had a significantly greater specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of the basal ganglia comparing to normal children (Right: z = 2.057, p = 0.041; Left: z = 2.096, p = 0.032). Under treatment with methylphenidate in all children with ADHD, specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of both basal ganglia decreased significantly greater than before treatment with methylphenidate (Right: t = 3.239, p = 0.018; Left: t = 3.133, p = 0.020). However, no significant correlation between the change of ADHD symptom severity scores and specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of the basal ganglia were found. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the complex dysregulation of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system in children with ADHD.
Administration, Intravenous ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Basal Ganglia* ; Brain ; Child* ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins* ; Dopamine* ; Humans ; Methylphenidate ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

OBJECTIVE: Autophagy plays a vital role in homeostasis by combining organelles and cellular proteins with lysosome under starvation conditions. In addition, autophagy provides tumor cells with a source of energy. Continued autophagy will induce cells death. Here we aim to see if autophagic induction has an effect on conventional chemotherapeutic agents. METHODS: Rapamycin, or mammalian target of rapamycin and paclitaxel, apoptosis-inducing agents were used autophagy in HeLa cervical cancer cells. RESULTS: Growth inhibition of cells was not observed after the application of 0, 10, 20 nM of paclitaxel with or without rapamycin. Using a 5 nM concentration of paclitaxel, rapamycin administration inhibited cell growth significantly compared to no treatment. This implies the synergic antitumor effect of paclitaxel and rapamycin. Paclitaxel itself did not show any autophagic effect on cells but did show cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Light chain 3, a microtubule-associated protein, which reflect autophagy, was increased with 5 nM of paclitaxel after pretreatment with 10 nM of rapamycin. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the autophagic inducer, rapamycin, can potentiate autophagic cell death when added as an apoptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic agent. In conclusion, the control of autophagy may be a future target for chemotherapy.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Flow Cytometry ; Homeostasis ; Light ; Lysosomes ; Organelles ; Paclitaxel ; Proteins ; Sirolimus ; Starvation ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

INTRODUCTION: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a relative rare tumor, accounting for approximately 3% of adult malignancies. Renal cell carcinoma has a high metastatic potential and is renowned for its ability to spread to almost any organ of the body. Pancreas is a rare site for metastasis from other primary cancers. Moreover, pancreatic metastasis is difficult to differentiate and may be misdiagnosed as a primary pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to review our cases of renal cell carcinoma that had metastasized to the pancreas after radical nephrectomy. METHODS: We did a retrospective review of the records of 4 patients with pathologically confirmed RCC that had metastasized to the pancreas after radical nephrectomy. RESULTS: Our group of 4 patients consisted of 2 men and 2 women. Their average age was 58.7 years (+/- 10.51 years). The locations within the pancreas were the head, in 2 (50.0%) and the body/tail in 2 (50.0%) patients. The pancreatic metastases were treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy in 2 patients, and by distal pancreatectomy in 2 patients. Median survival duration was 109.0 (+/- 67.3 months) "Median" is associated with an interquartile range (25% to 75%). The number 67.3 appears to be a standard deviation which is associated with the "mean". CONCLUSIONS: RCC is an unpredictable tumor that may result in a late metastasis even from an early stage. Aggressive surgical management of pancreatic lesions offers a chance of long-term survival.
Accounting ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Retrospective Studies