We studied tire causative diseases and serum concentration and daily urinary excretion of uric acid in 115 cased of radiopaque upper urinary stone formers. And with the aim of establishing methods for the prevention of recurrent stone formation, allopurinol and/or sodium bicarbonate was administered to hyperuricemia and/or hyperuricosuria. The following results were obtained. 1. 25 of 115 cases having uric acid abnormality in serum and/or urine, it was some correlation on between hyperuricemia and/or hyperuricosuria and calcium formers. 2. 14 of 25 cases administering allopurinol and/or sodium bicarbonate after lithotomy had not recurrent stone formation for 1-2 years. But of 11 cases receiving medical treatment alone only 2 cases were spontaneously evacuated the stones, 3 cases were decreased in number of stones, 6 cases were not changed. 3. After administration of allopurinol serum uric acid, daily urinary uric acid daily urinary calcium and daily urinary inorganic phosphorus value were significantly decreased but serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus were not significantly changed. These results suggested that allopurinol was effective or prevention of recurrent stone formation, even through our studies were relatively short period and not many cases.
Allopurinol ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; Phosphorus ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Uric Acid* ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urolithiasis

The stress incontinence is a disease commonly developing in multipara and occurs by deficiency of estrogen and relaxation of pelvic organ generally after menopause but it is possible to occur before menopause by change in the structure of pelvic organ. Herin, we report 1 cases of stress incontinence, one nuliparous in pelvic trauma and remaining 3 cases in multipara. The diagnosis of stress incontinence was made by history, Marshall-Marchetti test and chain cystography. All cases underwent Marshall-Marchetti operation. After the operation, symptoms were improved in all cases and they have had satisfactory in usual life for 6 months to 4 years.
Diagnosis ; Estrogens ; Female ; Menopause ; Relaxation

Vesicoileal fistula develops in less than 10% of all vesicointestinal fistulas. The causative disorders were recorded as regional enteritis, bladder tumor, trauma, ileal tuberculosis and complication of radiation therapy of cervical carcinoma, but the literatures recording vesicoileal fistula caused by malignant lymphoma are surpassingly few. We report a case of vesicoileal fistula originated primarily from malignant lymphoma in a 74 years old man who was seen with the chief complaints of pneumaturia and fecaluria. The diagnostic procedures such as IVP, cystography, gastrointestinal series, barium enema and rectosigmoidoscopy were performed and the vesicoileal fistula was suspected. The diagnosis was confirmed by operation and histologic examination. The operation consisted of one stage resection of the ileal lymphoma and adhered sigmoid colon, end to end anastomosis of ileum, end to end anastomosis of sigmoid colon and partial cystectomy. The patient underwent anticancer chemotherapy and was discharged at the postop. third week.
Aged ; Barium ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Crohn Disease ; Cystectomy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Enema ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Ileum ; Lymphoma* ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the chincap therapy on the craniofacial structure in persons with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The patients selected for this study were treated with extra-oral chincap therapy only. Both control and treatment samples were obtained from Seoul National University Hospital where these longitudinal data were gathered. 35 treated patients and 14 control patients were studied. The mean ages at the 1st evaluation was 8 years 3 months in the treatment sample and 9 years 4 months in the control sample. The duration of chin cap therapy was variable but averaged 2 years of treatment. Post-treatment observation procedeeded for 1 year 2 months. Active treatment and post treatment effects were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. Neither significant restraint nor acceleration of growth was found in the cranial base and maxilla during treatment. 2. A distal rotation of the mandibular complex was seen. 3. Some amount of restraint of growth was found in mandibular body length, ramus height, mandibular length during treatment. 4. The gonial angle was reduced. 5. After removal of the chin-cap, forward displacement of the mandible took place.
Acceleration ; Chin ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Seoul ; Skull Base

PURPOSE: An increased incidence of cholelithiasis has been widely reported following a truncal vagotomy and gastrectomy in benign peptic ulcer disease. However, there have been few studies on cholelithiasis following a gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Therefore, the incidence, influencing factors, natural course and whether a prophylactic cholecystectomy is required during a gastrectomy were investigated. METHODS: 1, 057 patients with gastric cancer, who received a gastrectomy at Chung-Ang University Hospital between January, 1992 and December, 2001, were reviewed. Of the 1, 057 patients, 591 were included in this study, with 420 and 46 patients excluded due to lack of follow-up after the gastrectomy and because they received a preoperative or concomitant cholecystectomy, respectively. Age, gender, extents of gastrectomy, anastomosis methods and cancer staging were investigated as factors for potential correlation with any incidence. Furthermore, the interval between the gastrectomy and the discovery of cholelithiasis and the number of patients receiving a cholecystectomy due to cholecystitis during the follow-up period were also studied. RESULTS: The preoperative prevalence of cholelithiasis was 7.22% (46/637). The incidence of cholelithiasis after a gastrectomy was 7.61% (45/591), with a mean duration of 32.13+/-28.18 months. There were no significant differences in the incidences of cholelithiasis according to age, gender, extents of gastrectomy or stage (P>0.05). 23 cases of cholelithiasis (50%) were detected within 24 months and 80% (36/45) of all cases developed within 48 months. Among the 45 gallstone patients, only 6 (13.33%) developed acute cholecy- stitis and received a cholecystectomy. CONCLUSION: The incidence of cholelithiasis after a gastrectomy was very low, and was independent of age, gender, and other influencing factors in our study. Therefore, close observation and follow-up evaluation would be helpful in the prevention and detection of cholelithiasis. Also further study will be needed on the relationship between the methods of anastomosis and the incidence of cholelithiasis. The clinical benefits of a prophylactic cholecystectomy during a gastrectomy should also be studied carefully.
Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystitis ; Cholelithiasis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallstones ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Staging ; Peptic Ulcer ; Prevalence ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Vagotomy, Truncal

No abstract available.
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney*

No abstract available.
Neurocysticercosis*

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the gene status of p16INK4A, p18INK4C, the expression of cell cycle associated proteins (p16INK4A, p18INK4C, cyclin D1, CDK4, pRb, and p53), and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection to investigate whether the inactivation of these genes participated in carcinogenesis, and to evaluated the expression of cell cycle associated proteins and HPV infections. METHODS: We examined forty-one primary cervical carcinomas (17 adenocarcinomas, 13 keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas, and 11 nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinomas) using PCR, comparative multiplex PCR, PCR-SSCP, methylation-specific PCR, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Ninety percent of cervical carcinomas showed HPV infection. HPV type 16 was detected in 41% and HPV type 18 was found in 44%. Homozygous deletions at p16INK4A gene were observed in 2 cases, but the mutation of p16INK4A and alterations of p18INK4C gene were not detected. The promoter hypermethylation for p16INK4A in nine cases (31%) of 29 cervical carcinomas was found. Expression of p16INK4A protein was observed in 93% and p18INK4C protein expression was noted in 78%. Positive immunostaining for cyclin D1 was only identified in 5%, whereas positive immunostaining for CDK4 was observed in 95%. Expression of pRb protein was found in 93% and p53 protein in 24% of cervical carcinomas. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high risk HPV infections and methylation of the p16INK4A promoter region seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinomas. Alterations of p18INK4C gene and cyclin D1-CDK4 pathway does not contribute significantly in the cervical carcinogenesis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle* ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18 ; Cyclins ; Genes, p16 ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Methylation ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Papillomavirus Infections* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

MELAS(mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and sroke like episodes) is a major subgroup of heterogeneous mitochondrial encephalopathy. Recent advances in molecular genetics revealed specific mutations in the mitochondrial DNA causing MELAS. We described clinical and molecular genetic findings of a 13-year-old boy with MELAS syndrome associated IDDM(insulin dependent diabetes mellitus). For molecular genetic studies, DNAs from peripheral blood nucleated cells were used. And the A-->G substitution at the nt position 3,243 in the mitochodrial tRNAleu(UUR) gene in a heteroplasmic fashion was confirmed in the patient and his mother, which supporting maternal transmission. The mother had no neuromuscular syndromes but was diabetic. The islet cell antibody was abscent in both the patient and his mother, proving an indirect evidence of beta cell destruction was caused by the definite mitochondrial DNA itself. The association of MELAS syndrome and IDDM has been reported very rarely, and this is the first case report in Korea.
Acidosis, Lactic ; Adolescent ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans ; Korea ; Male ; MELAS Syndrome* ; Molecular Biology ; Mothers ; Muscular Diseases

PURPOSE: AHC characterized by sudden onset of gross hematuria, dysuria and frequency occurs in children and young adults as a self-limited disease that should be differentiated from serious renal disorders. We have performed this study to establish the cause and characterize the clinical features of this illness in Korean children. METHODS: 19 cases collected prospectively for 30 month-period over 1991-1993 were reviewed. Urine specimens were obtained after normal voidings and inoculated into Hep-2 cell monolayers for virologic study, and cultured as standard method for bacteria. Isolates producing a cytopathic effect characteristic of adenovirus were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibody specific to adenovirus and also by electron microscopy. Adeno-viruses were typed by hemagglutination-inhibition test by Dr. Piedra at the Texas Medical Center, USA. RESULTS: The ages of the patients were between 5 months and 14 years. Adenovirus was isolated from the urine in 8 cases(42%) and E. coli in 2(10.5%). Of 8 patients with positive culture, adenovirus type 7a was recovered in 4 cases, and adenvirus type 11 in 4 cases. Seven of the 8 patients with positive adenovirus culture were boys while E. coli was isolated only in girls. No sexual difference was found in cultur-negative group(M:F=4:5). The sudden onset of painful hematuria was the most impressive manifestation. Gross hematuria continued for 3 to 15(average 8.9) days. Suprapubic pain was present in 4. Only one patient had mild fever. Ten of 11 ultrasonic examinatinons showed thickening of bladder wall and decreased filling capacity. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that culture for viruses may be useful method for differential diagnosis of AHC and adenovirus type 7a is newly identified to be one of the important causes of this illness. Further studies on ABC are needed to investigate the unexplained part of etiology.
Adenoviridae ; Bacteria ; Child* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dysuria ; Female ; Fever ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Piedra ; Prospective Studies ; Texas ; Ultrasonics ; Urinary Bladder ; Young Adult