Human papillomavirus (HPV)infection are now generally accepted as the most important factor for development of uterine cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. With increasing evidences that the HPV E7 encodes for oncoproteins critical for viral replication, host cell immortalization and transformation. Based on the previous reports that the high risk HPV type 16 DNA is frequently detected in specimens from Korean women with cervical cancer and that there is the sequence variation and geographical dependence of HPV 16 E7 gene in preinvasive and invasive cervical lesions, it is crucial to determine the prevalence of HPV 16 variants in uterine cervical lesions of Korean women. This study was performed to identify sequence variations of HPV 16 E7 gene and an association between HPV 16 E7 variants and uterine cervical cancer. The author has determined nucleotide sequences of the E7 gene of HPV 16 isolated from uterine cervical tissues in Korean women. HPV 16 DNAs were detected by the nested PCR in 112 (24.5%) of a total of 457 samples. By direct sequencing of PCR-HPV 16 E7 positive cases, 79 samples (70.5%) showed variant sequences, while the prototype sequence was found in only 33 samples (29.5%). Twenty-three cases (57.5%) of 40 normal cervical samples showed sequence variation. Forty-eight (77.4%) of 62 cervical cancer cases showed sequence diversity from prototype HPV 16 E7 gene. There were four types of sequence variations. A single nucleotide change at position 647 (A-->G) was found in 52 cases (65.8%) of 79 HPV 16 E7 variants. Predicted amino acid change (Asn -->Ser) was found in the HPV 16 E7 oncoproteins at amino acid position at 29. And this KE7-1 variant was commonly detected in the uterine cervical cancer compared to the normal cervix. The second most common variant, detected in 16 cases (20.3%), had three silent mutations at nucleotide positions 732 (T-->C), 789 (T-->C) and 795 (T-->G). The third variant had a single nucleotide change at position 666 (G-->A), and the fourth had a change at position 796 (T-->C). Furthermore, PCR-SSCP clearly showed distinct bands compatible with HPV 16 E7 variants as with the direct-sequencing method. PCR-SSCP was also an effective and reliable tool in detecting HPV 16 E7 variants. This study showed that there were four variant types of HPV 16 E7 in uterine cervical tissues and KE7-1 with corresponding amino acid change was the most commonly detected type in E7 variants of HPV 16 isolated from uterine cervical cancer in Korean women.
Base Sequence ; Cervix Uteri ; DNA ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Humans* ; Oncogene Proteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Prevalence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

In order to elucidate the biological effects of pulsating magnetic field in in vitro culture system we designed a pulsating magnetic apparatus using 120 Hertz, 24 Volt direct current. It can generate 63~225 Gauss in the experimental area of 90 mm petri dish, and has little thermal effect on the culture media in 37.5oC, 5% CO2. Human osteogenic sarcoma (HOS) cells were cultured in the pulsating magnetic field and the nuclear changes of cultured cells were observed routinely by hematoxylin staining, and apoptotic change was detected by ApopTag staining using both peroxidase and fluorescein labelings. Compared to the control group which formed well organized whorling pattern of HOS cell line in 3 days culture, the HOS cells cultured in the pulsating magnetic field for 12 hours or 24 hours grew irregularly and showed increased number of apoptotic cells. When the flow of pulsating magnetic field was interrupted by insertion of strong permanent magnetic bar (1000 Gauss, 5530 mm) beneath the petri dish during in vitro culture, the area of sparse pulsating magnetic field showed active proliferation and aggregation of HOS cells even in 24 hour exposure group. These data suggest that the pulsating magnetic field may play a role in inducing growth retardation and apoptosis of HOS cells. Furthermore, the hazardous effects of pulsating magnetic field can be lessened or nullified by the interruption of pulsating magnetic field with a strong permanent magnetic bar.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line* ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Fluorescein ; Hematoxylin ; Humans* ; Magnetic Fields* ; Osteosarcoma* ; Peroxidase

Isoflurane causes little myocardial depression, rapid onset and recovery during controlled hypotensive anesthesia. Nitroglycerin, vasodilating agent, has short plasma half-life and myocardial protective effect, is easy to cantrol, and has no direct toxic effect. Doxapram hydrochloride(doxapram Hcl), respiratory stimulant, has been found to be safe and significantly potent, but also has significant pressor effect when larger doses are administered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of doxapram on the hemodynamics after isoflurane and nitroglycerin-induced hypotensive anesthesia in dogs. Hemodynamic measurement including the value of left ventricular pressure, aortic pressure, pulmonary eapillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, maximal and minimal dP/dT were determined in 8 dogs before doxapram Hcl administration, Smin, 15min and 30min after doxapram Hcl administration. 1) Left ventricular pressure and aortic pressure increased at 5min and 15min after doxapram Hcl administration but did not change significantly at 30min compared to the preadministration values. 2) Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and pulmonary artery pressure increased significantly at Smin and 15min, but did not change significantly 30min compared to the preadministration values. 3) Heart rate increased significantly at Smin, but did not change significantly at 15min and 30min compared to the preadministration value. 4) Cardiac output and body temperature did not change significantly at 5min, 15min compared to the preadministation values. 5) Maximal dP/dT increased signifieantly at Smin and 15min, but did not change at 30min compared to the preadministration value, minimal dP/dT increased significantly at 5min, but did not change at 15min and 30min compared to the preadministration value.
Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Arteries ; Body Temperature ; Cardiac Output ; Depression ; Dogs* ; Doxapram* ; Half-Life ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Isoflurane* ; Nitroglycerin* ; Plasma ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Ventricular Pressure

No abstract available.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic*

No abstract available.
Cholecystectomy* ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic*

Succinylcholine, the short acting depolarizing muscle relaxant, is commonly used for endotracheal intubation. Succinylcholine induced hyperkalemia has been reported in patients with severe burn, massive traums, spinal cord injury, some neuromuscular diseases, and cerebral damage. In the present study, the serum potassium levels and ECG changes following intravenous injection of succinylcholine in three groups were investigated(group l: the patients without head injury, group ll: the patients with head injury with 24 hours, and group lll: the patients with head injury in 10~90 days). The results were as follows: 1) The serum potassium lovels increased significantly at 4 minutes, decreased slightly at 8 minutes and 10 minutes in group ll and lll(p<0.001). 2) The serum potassium levels(peak change ratio) were higher in group ll and lll than group l (between group l and ll, p<0.05: between group ll and lll, p<0.001). 3) Thwere were no significant differences between the maximal increase of K+ according to the degrees of consciousness. 4) Abnormal ECG finding following intubation appeared in fifty-five cases (91.7%). The amjority were sinus tachycardia in group 1 and ll and insignificant tall T wave in group ll.
Burns ; Consciousness ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Electrocardiography ; Head Injuries, Closed* ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Neuromuscular Diseases ; Potassium* ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Succinylcholine* ; Tachycardia, Sinus

With advancement of endoscopical instruments and technique, gallstone diseases can be managed with laparoscopic cholecystectomy which has rapidly and radically changed the surgical treatment of gallstone diseases. The ideas of laparoscopic surgery was introduced by Germany gynecologist Semm, in 1967 and was first performed by French surgeon Mouret, Dubois in 1987. Although many reports of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy were excellent, many surgeons want to know the surgical results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are enough good to perform comparing with the conventional cholecystectomy, especially in early complications and late complications. (continue...)
Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Gallstones ; Germany ; Laparoscopy

Opiates have been used as analgesics in obstetrics since the Babylonian Sinee that time, a wide variety of opiates have been employed in an attempt to provide analgesia for childbirh. The effect of opioids on uterine contractility is of considerable interest. Morphine caused a concentration dependent decrease in the frequency of contraction of the estrous uterus, In contrast, both pethidine and pentazocine enhanced the contraction rate. The pregnant uterus showed little response to morphine, but exhibited an enhanced response to the stimulant activity of both pethidine and pentazocine.It has long been recognized that the tension development of uterine muscle is largely dependent on intracellular Ca2+ pools. Smooth muscle contraction is initiated by depolarization induced calcium entry into the myoplasm through voltage dependent calcium channels, The spontaneous or KC1-induced tension development in isolated uterine smooth musele is reduced by lowering the calium ion (Ca2+) concentration of the bathing medium. In our study, the effect of morphine, pethidine and pentazocine on estrous and pregnant uterine activity, and the effect of extracellular calcium on opiate induced uterine motility have been examined in rats in vitro The following results were obtained: 1) The frequency of contraction of the estrous and pregnant rat uteri in the control group decreased gradually with time. 2) Morphine caused a concentration- dependent decrease in the frequency of contraction of the estrous and pregnant rat uteri, but it was not significant 3) Pethidine and pentazocine caused a concentration dependent incrase in the frequency of contraction of the estrous and pregnant rat uteri.but it was not significant.4) Diazepam caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the frequency of contraction of the estrous and pregnant rat uteri. 5) Ketamine casued a concentration- dependent decrease in the frequency of contraction of the estrous and pregnant rat uteri, but it was not significant. 6) Addition of CaCI, to the Krebs Henseleit solution did not make any significant change in the result. 7) According to the condition of the estrous and pregnant rat uteri the change of contraction frequency was statistically significant in the control, morphine, pethidine and pentazocine groups.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Animals ; Baths ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Diazepam* ; Female ; Ketamine* ; Meperidine ; Mice ; Morphine ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myometrium ; Obstetrics ; Pentazocine ; Rats* ; Uterus*

Direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is accompanied by mechanical stimulation of the laryngopharynx & by sympathetic timulation, as reflected by an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of certain drugs on blood pressure and heart rate during intubation. We intravenously administered some drugs prior to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in adult patients with ASA class 1-2. Seventy-two patients were devided into four groups as follows: Group 1: Control group (none, n=18). Group 2: Lidocaine only (n=18). Group 3: Lidocaine (1 mg/kg) and d-Tubocurarine (3mg)(n=18). Group 4: Lidocaine (1mg/kg), d-Tubocurarine (3mg) and diazepam (0.1mg/kg)(n=18). Blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, rate-pressure product, aterial blood gas were measured before induction, after induction, immediately after intubation and at 1, 2, 3 & 5 minutes after intubation. The results were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences in preinduction values of blood pressure, heart rate, rate-pressure product, arterial blood gas. 2) Systolic blood pressure increased significantly 2 minutes after the intubation in all groups and rapidly returned to the preinduction level in group 4, group 3 and then group 2 in that order compared to group l. 3) Diastolic and mean arterial pressure elevated significantly during intubation and rapidly retur- ned to the preinduction level in group 4, group 3 and then group 2 in that order compared to group l. 4) Heart rate increased significantly after the intubation in all groups and more rapidly returned to the preinduction levels 3 minutes after the intubation in group 4. 5) Rate-pressure product following the intubation was over 15,000 mmHg. beat/min in all groups, and more rapidly decreased 15,000 mmHg. beat/min at 2 minutes after the intubtion in group 4, 5 minutes after the intubation in group 3. 6) pH, PaCO2and PaO2values were within normal range following the intubation in all groups. In conclusion, it is suggested that the administration of lidocaine, d-tubocurarine and diazepam prior to the intubation is ideal for those patients with cardiovascular disease & increased intracranial pressure.
Adult ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diazepam* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypopharynx ; Intracranial Pressure ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy* ; Lidocaine* ; Reference Values ; Tubocurarine*

A retrospective analysis was performed on 461 pediatric patients under one year of age who had received operation from 1983 to 1990 in department of anesthesiology of Ewha Womans University Hospital. Total number of operation showed incresing tendency, annually, 37 in 1983, 36 in 1984, 43 in 1985, 41 in 1986, 54 in l987, 89 in 1989, 81 in 1989, and 80 in 1990. The eletive and emergency operation com- prised 79% and 21%, respectively. The distribution of the patients by department was general surgery 217, plastic surgery l09, orthopedic surgery 23, neurosurgery l6, cardiothoracic surgery l6, urology 14, and otolaryngology 6. The average age distribution was 149 in 6.to l2 months, l00 in 1 to 3 months, 81 in 1 week to 1 month, 81 in 3 to 6 months, and 50 under 1 week of age. The male to female ratio was 2.7: l. The distribution of induction agents of general anesthesia was ketamine and succinylcholine (SCC) 317, without induction agent(awake intubation) 84, thiopental or diazepam and SCC 23, ketamine and pancronium or vecuronium l2. The most common technique of maintenence anesthesia was the balaced anesthesia. The distribution of disease entity by department was the following inguinal hernia was the most frequent in general surgery, cleft lip in palstic surgery, and hydrocephalus in neurosurgery. The postoperative complication developed in 31 of 461. The most common complications were the respiratory problems, the others were sepsis, heart failures, and convulsions. The motality rate was 1.73%.
Age Distribution ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesiology ; Cleft Lip ; Diazepam ; Emergencies ; Female ; Heart ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Ketamine ; Male ; Neurosurgery ; Orthopedics ; Otolaryngology ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Sepsis ; Succinylcholine ; Surgery, Plastic ; Thiopental ; Urology ; Vecuronium Bromide