Leiomyosarcoma of the prostate is a rare malignant tumor. It originates from the smooth muscles of the prostatic gland and is usually found during old ages. Prognosis is usually poor especially in childhood. We report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the prostate measured 320gm in 64 years old man.
Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Prognosis ; Prostate*

Cavernous hemangioma of the uterus is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor. Most cases have been reported in young, pregnant women and the condition is very rare in a postmenopausal patient. An 81-year-old woman presented with a huge pelvic mass. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging results suggested a leiomyoma with degenerative change and hemorrhage. Microscopically, large, thick-walled and variable-sized vascular channels were evident in the majority part of myometrium; the lining cells were immunohistochemically reactive for CD31. Vascular tumors of the female genital tract should be cautiously excised due to the profuse intra-operative bleeding. The pathological examination of a hysterectomy specimen is the only method to confirm the diagnosis of this tumor.
Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Caves ; Female ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leiomyoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Pregnant Women ; Uterus

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the changes in thalamic volumes in subjects at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. Subjects manifest changes which are similar to but different from those found in subjects with schizophrenia, and thalamic structural changes were often reported in schizophrenic subjects. METHODS: Thalamic volumes of 29 UHR subjects, 31 subjects with schizophrenia and 29 healthy controls, were measured from their T1-weighted coronal magnetic resonance (MR) images using manual tracing. RESULTS: UHR subjects showed greater right (6.243+/-0.848 cm3) and total (12.254+/-1.532 cm3) thalamic volumes compared to healthy control subjects (right thalamic volume=5.527+/-0.715 cm3, total thalamic volume=11.058+/-1.490 cm3) or patients with schizophrenia (right thalamic volume=5.855+/-0.938 cm3, total thalamic volume=11.513+/-1.784 cm3). The difference was significant for right (F=5.837, p=0.004) and total (F=4.217, p=0.018) thalamic volumes after intracranial volume had been accounted for as a covariate in ANCOVA. However, thalamic volume of subjects with schizophrenia showed no significant difference from controls. This difference was not affected by the presence of major depressive disorder or the magnitude of psychotic symptoms. Those among the UHR subjects taking antipsychotic agents did not show enlarged thalamic volume compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the possibility of a volumetric alteration of the thalamus characteristic of the UHR state.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Thalamus

Neuropeptide Y(NPY) was first isolated from porcine brain. This discovery has led some workers to study the distribution of this peptide in the central nervous system of various mammals. In this study examined the distribution pattern of NPY-immunoreactive (NPY-IR) neurons in the Striped Field Mouse (Apodemus agrarius coreae) cerebral cortex and striatum, using immunohistochemical method. The results obtained in this study were summarized as followings. 1. NPY-IR neurons distributed in all layer of cerebral cortex. The number of neurons were higher in layer V and VI than in layer I and IV. 2. The shape of neurons was predominantly round or oval in layer I and II, and triangular in layer V and VI. And the processes were parallel to pia mater in layer I and II and were vertical in layer III. 3. The highest number of NPY-IR neurons were found in the perirhinal cortex but a few distinct population were found in the retrosplenial cortex. 4. In stiatum NPY-IR neurons were observed only in caudate-putamen nucleus. 5. The Immunoreactive neurons in caudate-putamen varied in their shape, but most of them were triangular or multiform neurons had omnidirectional processes.
Animals ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Corpus Striatum* ; Mammals ; Mice* ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptide Y* ; Neuropeptides* ; Pia Mater

PROPOSE: To analyze the indications and cytogenetic results of midtrimester amniocentesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study reviewed 2,523 cases of midtrimester prenatal genetic amniocentesis performed at MizMedi Hospital between January 2000 and December 2007. RESULTS: The most frequent indication for midtrimester amniocentesis was advanced maternal age (45.9%), followed by positive serum markers (29.9%). Chromosomal aberrations were diagnosed in 110 cases (4.4%), for which numerical aberration accounted for 38 cases (34.5%), structural aberration accounted for 65 cases (59.1%), and mosaicism accounted for 7 cases (6.4%). Among the autosomal aberrations, there were 20 cases of trisomy 21 and 8 cases of trisomy 18. With respect to structural aberrations, there were 14 cases of reciprocal translocation and 8 cases of robertsonian translocation. The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations according to the indication were highest in individuals with a family history of chromosome abnormality 14.0% (8/57) followed by previous congenital anomaly 5.9% (2/34). CONCLUSION: Midtrimester amniocentesis is an effective tool for prenatal diagnosis. Indications such as advanced maternal age, maternal serum markers, and ultrasound are important for predicting abnormal fetal karyotypes.
Amniocentesis ; Biomarkers ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Maternal Age ; Mosaicism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Trisomy

OBJECTIVE: Isoliquritizenin (ISL) is a chalcone flavonoid, present in licorice, shallot and bean sprouts, has cancer preventing properties and often used in chinese medicine. In this study, ISL to determine its effect on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in human cervical cancer cells were evaluated. METHODS: Cell viability assay was carried out to determine the viability of human cervical cancer cells. We tested the several experimental methods for verification and functional identification, including MTT assay, FACS analysis, DNA fragmentation assay, and Western blot analysis for ISL treated human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). RESULTS: ISL, induced growth inhibition in a dose dependent manner, treatment with 50 microM/L ISL blocked 50% cell growth. FACS results showed that there was no change in the S phase, but on the other hand ISL increased the percentage of cells in G1 phase. DNA fragmentation assay by ELISA was done to find the rate of apoptosis. Apoptosis took place but in a reduced manner. From Western blot analysis, it revealed ISL induced the expression of p21(Cip1/Waf1) and p27(kip1) but not mediated by p53. Caspase pathway was revealed and cleavage of PARP took place. CONCLUSION: ISL, a chalcone flavonoid, inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at sub G1 by enhancing the production of p21(Cip1/Waf1) and p27(kip1). These results indicate that ISL will be a promising agent for use in chemopreventive or therapeutic against human cervical cancer cells.
Apoptosis* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Chalcone ; DNA Fragmentation ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; G1 Phase ; Glycyrrhiza ; Hand ; Humans* ; S Phase ; Shallots ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the technical aspect and efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in cases of intractable postpartum bleeding by comparing the angiographic findings women patients according to their delivery pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July of 2003 and March of 2008, 55 female patients were enrolled in this study. Of the 55 patients, 36 underwent a vaginal delivery (group 1), whereas 19 underwent a cesarean section delivery (group 2). We retrospectively evaluated the angiographic findings and the embolization technique between groups, using a Pearson Chi-Square test. Medical records and telephone interview findings were also reviewed to evaluate the efficacy of TAE and the outcome of fertility. RESULTS: Significantly greater positive angiographic findings were found in group 2 (63.2%) relative to group 1 (30.6%). For positive angiographic findings, except for AVM, the embolization was performed using coil or glue with gelfoam. For the negative angiographic findings or AVM, the gelfoam was the only embolic agent used. In all patients except for one, bleeding stopped after embolization. Major complications occurred in 2 patients only, and included uterine synechia and perforation. All patients except for one recovered after menstruation. In total, four patients became pregnant and one patient delivered a healthy infant. CONCLUSION: Positive angiographic findings requiring embolization with coil or glue, as well as gelfoam, were more commonly encountered in group 2 than in group 1. Based on the outcome of the study group, TAE is a safe and effective treatment for intractable postpartum bleeding and is also useful for preserving fertility.
Adhesives ; Angiography ; Cesarean Section ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Fertility ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Interviews as Topic ; Medical Records ; Menstruation ; Obstetric Labor Complications ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterus

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine structural abnormalities of brain in patients with pathological gambling(PG) using voxel-based morphometry. METHODS: We compared gray matter(GM) volumes between 10 patients with PG and 14 age- and IQmatched healthy controls and examined the relationship of GM volumes with clinical variables in patients with PG. RESULTS: We found significant increase of GM volume in the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, the midbrain, the middle temporal gyrus, the precuneus, and the fusiform gyrus of patients with PG. A significant decrease of GM volume was observed in the parahippocampal gyrus and the lingual gyrus of the patient group. In addition, GM volumes in some of these regions were positively associated with South Oaks Gambling Screen score and negatively with age of onset in patients with PG. CONCLUSION: Current findings indicate that structural abnormalities in the fronto-temporal cortex, the midbrain, and the precuneus might be involved in the pathophysiology of PG, and contribute to some of the behavioral changes observed in patients with PG.
Age of Onset ; Brain ; Gambling ; Humans ; Mesencephalon ; Parahippocampal Gyrus

Bronchiolitis interstitial pneumonitis (BIP), an unclassified and newly described interstitial pneumonia, has a combined feature of prominent bronchiolitis, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. It is distinct from bronchiolitis obliterans or bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). BIP has a better prognosis than common cases of interstitial pneumonia. However, BIP has a poorer prognosis than BOOP. BIP's response to corticosteroids is not as successful as BOOP's response to this treatment. We encountered the case of a 31-year-old woman with BIP with an initial presentation of dyspnea and a cough that had lasted for 3 months. The patient's chest CT scan demonstrated patchy ground glass opacities and multiple ill-defined centrilobular nodules in both lungs, suggesting military tuberculosis or nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. A video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy resulted in the diagnosis of BIP. Clinical symptoms, pulmonary lesions, and pulmonary function tests were improved after oral glucocorticoid therapy.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Bronchiolitis ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans ; Cough ; Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Glass ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Military Personnel ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the long-term efficacy, safety, and tolerability of aripiprazole in a large number of patients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and schizoaffective disorder in Korea. METHODS: This was an open-label, multi-center, single-arm, 52-week study of patients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and schizoaffective disorder. Korean patients (N=300) experiencing either a first episode or recurrence participated in this study. The primary efficacy measure was the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. Secondary efficacy measures included the PANSS positive and negative subscales, and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S). Safety was evaluated prospectively by recording treatmentemergent adverse events; measuring extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), vital signs, and body weight; and performing laboratory tests. RESULTS: Overall, 55 (18.33%) of the patients completed the entire 52-week study. Treatment with aripiprazole provided rapid and significant improvement in all of the efficacy measures. Comparing PANSS total scores, PANSS positive subscale scores, and CGI-S scores, first-episode patients showed significant improvement than the patients who had experienced at least one recurrence. There were no significant differences in the mean change of EPS during the study, except for akathisia at week 8 and a significant decrease in serum prolactin level in patients experiencing first and recurrent episodes. At the end of the study, the mean weight gain was 2.40 kg. CONCLUSION: Aripiprazole is effective and safe for patients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and schizoaffective disorder during a long-term, 52-week treatment. The result may be associated with the unique mechanism of aripiprazole. We have extended the findings of previous studies in the United States and other countries and demonstrated a similar effectiveness of aripiprazole for Korean patients.
Humans ; Piperazines ; Prolactin ; Prospective Studies ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Psychotic Disorders ; Quinolones ; Recurrence ; Schizophrenia ; United States ; Vital Signs ; Weight Gain ; Aripiprazole